Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
108(1)
Опубликована: Ноя. 19, 2024
Abstract
Xerophilic
fungi
occupy
versatile
environments
owing
to
their
rich
arsenal
helping
them
successfully
adapt
water
constraints
as
a
result
of
low
relative
humidity,
high-osmolarity,
and
high-salinity
conditions.
The
general
term
xerophilic
relates
organisms
that
tolerate
and/or
require
reduced
activity,
while
halophilic
osmophilic
are
applied
specialized
groups
high
salt
concentrations
or
increased
osmotic
pressure,
respectively.
Species
belonging
the
family
Aspergillaceae
,
especially
those
classified
in
Aspergillus
subgenus
(sections
Restricti
)
Polypaecilum
particularly
enriched
group
salt-tolerant
filamentous
fungi.
They
produce
an
unprecedently
wide
spectrum
tolerant
enzymes
including
proteases,
peptidases,
glutaminases,
γ-glutamyl
transpeptidases,
various
glycosidases
such
cellulose-decomposing
starch-degrading
hydrolases,
lipases,
tannases,
oxidareductases.
These
extremophilic
also
represent
huge
untapped
treasure
chest
yet-to-be-discovered,
highly
valuable,
biologically
active
secondary
metabolites.
Furthermore,
these
indispensable
agents
decolorizing
textile
dyes,
degrading
xenobiotics
removing
excess
ions
high-salt
environments.
could
play
role
fermentation
processes
at
activity
leading
preparation
daqu,
meju,
tea.
Considering
current
future
agricultural
applications,
Aspergilli
may
contribute
biosolubilization
phosphate
soil
amelioration
stress
crops.
Transgenes
from
halophile
find
promising
applications
engineering
drought-tolerant
spoil
feed
food
raise
mycotoxin
above
permissible
doses
and,
therefore,
development
novel
preservation
technologies
against
spp.
is
urgently
needed.
On
other
hand,
some
have
been
shown
be
biological
control
mites.
Key
points
•
Salt
can
found
resources
valuable
metabolites
Biotechnological
expanding
Journal of Fungi,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
9(6), С. 688 - 688
Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2023
Fungi
play
many
roles
in
different
ecosystems.
The
precise
identification
of
fungi
is
important
aspects.
Historically,
they
were
identified
based
on
morphological
characteristics,
but
technological
advancements
such
as
polymerase
chain
reaction
(PCR)
and
DNA
sequencing
now
enable
more
accurate
taxonomy,
higher-level
classifications.
However,
some
species,
referred
to
"dark
taxa",
lack
distinct
physical
features
that
makes
their
challenging.
High-throughput
metagenomics
environmental
samples
provide
a
solution
identifying
new
lineages
fungi.
This
paper
discusses
approaches
including
PCR
amplification
rDNA,
multi-loci
phylogenetic
analyses,
the
importance
various
omics
(large-scale
molecular)
techniques
for
understanding
fungal
applications.
use
proteomics,
transcriptomics,
metatranscriptomics,
metabolomics,
interactomics
provides
comprehensive
These
advanced
technologies
are
critical
expanding
knowledge
Kingdom
Fungi,
its
impact
food
safety
security,
edible
mushrooms
foodomics,
secondary
metabolites,
mycotoxin-producing
fungi,
biomedical
therapeutic
applications,
antifungal
drugs
drug
resistance,
data
novel
development.
also
highlights
exploring
from
extreme
environments
understudied
areas
identify
dark
taxa.
In
this
study,
thermophilic
pectinase-producing
strains
were
isolated.
Among
all
the
isolates,
strain
No.
4
was
identified
as
Aspergillus
fumigatus
BT-4
based
on
its
morphology
and
18
S
rDNA
analysis.
This
employed
to
screen
various
fermentation
media
enhance
pectinase
production.
Pectinases
are
crucial
enzymes
with
significant
industrial
applications,
particularly
in
food
textile
industries.
Identifying
efficient
producers
optimizing
their
production
processes
essential
for
improving
applications.
Maximum
observed
using
1%
grapefruit
peel
M5
media.
Shake
flask
kinetics
demonstrated
highest
values
of
specific
rate
constant
(qp),
growth
(µ),
product
yield
coefficient
(Yp/x),
volumetric
formation
(Qp),
biomass
(Qx)
after
72
h
incubation.
Furthermore,
Optimization
components
via
Response
Surface
Methodology
(RSM)
improved
by
50%,
showcasing
effectiveness
factorial
central
composite
designs
fine-tuning
parameters.
The
use
agricultural
waste
(grapefruit
peel)
significantly
reduced
costs,
offering
an
economically
viable
substrate
alternative.
enzyme
purified
through
ammonium
sulfate
precipitation,
gel
filtration,
ion-exchange
chromatography,
resulting
a
2.3-fold
purification.
molecular
weight
determined
be
48
kDa.
Enzyme
kinetics,
Lineweaver-Burk
plot
at
pectin
concentrations,
showed
Vmax
32.7
UmL−
1
Km
0.3
mg
mL−
1.
Thermodynamic
parameters,
including
activation
energy
(Ea),
enthalpy
(ΔH),
entropy
(ΔS),
measured
41.74
kJmol−
1,
39.53
46.9
respectively.
study
successfully
isolated
potent
producer.
process
enhanced
Using
reduces
costs
eliminating
need
expensive
raw
materials
utilizing
low-cost,
sustainable,
locally
available
substrate.
approach
also
minimizes
disposal
expenses,
making
more
economical.
effectively
purified,
kinetic
thermodynamic
properties
thoroughly
characterized,
revealing
potential
comprehensive
analysis
optimization
strategies
provides
robust
foundation
scaling
up
production,
contributing
cost-effective
processes.
PLoS Pathogens,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
19(10), С. e1011704 - e1011704
Опубликована: Окт. 19, 2023
If
you
know
the
enemy
and
yourself,
need
not
fear
result
of
a
hundred
battles.If
yourself
but
enemy,
for
every
victory
gained
will
also
suffer
defeat.If
neither
nor
succumb
in
battle."-SunTzu,
The
Art
War
Fungal
pathogens
threaten
human
welfare,
including
animal
health
global
food
security.For
example,
ameliorating
crop
loss
due
to
fungal
plant
would
feed
nearly
600
million
more
people
[1].Fungal
infections
humans
are
difficult
diagnose
treat,
potentially
leading
serious
illness
death,
especially
immunocompromised
individuals;
case
point,
there
an
estimated
1.7
deaths
per
year
than
150
severe
worldwide
[2].These
issues
may
be
exacerbated
climate
change.Reflecting
importance
combatting
preventing
infection
diseases
caused
by
fungi,
World
Health
Organization
recently
released
list
priority
(https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240060241).Accordingly,
fungi
that
cause
disease
have
become
major
research
focus,
resulting
deeper,
still
incomplete,
understanding
virulence
cadre
pathogenic
species.Most
opportunistic
affect
individuals.This
suggests
any
fungus
capable
growing
body
overcoming
or
evading
compromised
immune
system
could
disease.Supporting
this
notion,
advances
DNA
sequencing
clinical
isolates
led
realization
cryptic
speciesmorphologically
indistinguishable
from
known
genetically
distinct-are
underappreciated
source
[3][4][5][6].Cryptic
species
been
identified
several
genera
agricultural
biomedical
significance,
such
as
(e.g.,
Fusarium)
[7]
Aspergillus;
Table
1)
[3].Due
morphological
similarities
(Fig
1
),
using
typical
microbiology
techniques
setting,
incomplete
their
epidemiology
burden.Here,
avenues
aim
enrich
our
pathogens-as
well
other
pathogens-and
diminish
impact
on
welfare
discussed.Cryptic
genus
Aspergillus
used
example.We
argue
infections,
among
which
little
is
known,
can
reduced
if
we
in-depth
pathogens,
humans,
interaction
between
two.
Microorganisms,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
13(6), С. 1296 - 1296
Опубликована: Май 31, 2025
Pleosporalean
fungi
play
significant
roles
as
plant
pathogens,
saprobes,
and
endophytes
in
a
wide
variety
of
economically
important
hosts.
During
an
investigation
saprobic
from
Jilin
Hebei,
China,
five
pleosporalean
isolates
were
obtained
the
dead
stems
Xanthoceras
sorbifolium.
Morphological
evidence
multi-locus
sequence
analyses
using
combined
dataset
ITS,
LSU,
SSU,
rpb2,
tef1-α,
tub2
indicate
that
these
represent
two
new
species
(Alloleptosphaeria
xanthoceratis
Lophiostoma
multiforme)
record
montanae.
Full
morphological
descriptions
illustrations
are
provided
herein,
phylogenetic
relationships
three
taxa
also
discussed.
Detailed
presented,
along
with
affiliations
taxa.
