The digital transformation of innovation and entrepreneurship: Progress, challenges and key themes

Research Policy, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 48(8), С. 103773 - 103773

Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Personalized medicine: motivation, challenges, and progress

Fertility and Sterility, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 109(6), С. 952 - 963

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Causal Interpretations of Black-Box Models

Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 39(1), С. 272 - 281

Опубликована: Июнь 3, 2019

The fields of machine learning and causal inference have developed many concepts, tools, theory that are potentially useful for each other. Through exploring the possibility extracting interpretations from black-box machine-trained models, we briefly review languages concepts in may be interesting to researchers. We start with curious observation Friedman's partial dependence plot has exactly same formula as Pearl's back-door adjustment discuss three requirements make interpretations: a model good predictive performance, some domain knowledge form diagram suitable visualization tools. provide several illustrative examples find relations using tools models.

Язык: Английский

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Artificial Skin Perception

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 33(19)

Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2020

Abstract Skin is the largest organ, with functionalities of protection, regulation, and sensation. The emulation human skin via flexible stretchable electronics gives rise to electronic (e‐skin), which has realized artificial sensation other functions that cannot be achieved by conventional electronics. To date, tremendous progress been made in data acquisition transmission for e‐skin systems, while implementation perception within is, sensory processing, still its infancy. Integrating functionality into a sensing system, namely perception, critical endow current systems higher intelligence. Here, recent design fabrication devices summarized, challenges prospects are discussed. strategies implementing utilize either silicon‐based circuits or novel computing such as memristive synaptic transistors, enable surpass skin, distributed, low‐latency, energy‐efficient information‐processing ability. In future, would new enabling technology construct next‐generation intelligent advanced applications, robotic surgery, rehabilitation, prosthetics.

Язык: Английский

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A Delphi study to build consensus on the definition and use of big data in obesity research

International Journal of Obesity, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 43(12), С. 2573 - 2586

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2019

'Big data' has great potential to help address the global health challenge of obesity. However, lack clarity with regard definition big data and frameworks for effectively using in context obesity research may be hindering progress. The aim this study was establish agreed approaches use obesity-related research. A Delphi method consensus development used, comprising three survey rounds. In Round 1, participants were asked rate agreement/disagreement 77 statements across seven domains relating definitions of, to, Participants also contribute further ideas relation these topics, which incorporated as new (n = 8) 2. Rounds 2 3 re-appraised their ratings view group consensus. Ninety-six experts active invited participate. Of these, 36/96 completed 1 (37.5% response rate), 29/36 (80.6% rate) 26/29 (89.7% rate). Consensus (defined > 70% agreement) achieved 90.6% 77) statements, 100% Definition Big Data, Data Governance, Quality Inference domains. Experts that more nuanced than oft-cited 'volume, variety velocity', includes quantitative, qualitative, observational or intervention from a range sources have been collected other purposes. repeatedly called third party action, example develop reporting ethics, clarify governance requirements, support training skill facilitate sharing data. Further advocacy will required encourage organisations adopt roles.

Язык: Английский

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Social Media– and Internet-Based Disease Surveillance for Public Health

Annual Review of Public Health, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 41(1), С. 101 - 118

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2020

Disease surveillance systems are a cornerstone of public health tracking and prevention. This review addresses the use, promise, perils, ethics social media– Internet-based data collection for surveillance. Our highlights untapped opportunities integrating digital in current applications that could be improved through better integration, validation, clarity on rules surrounding ethical considerations. Promising developments include hybrid couple traditional with from search queries, media posts, crowdsourcing. In future, it will important to identify private partnerships, train experts science, reduce biases related (gathered Internet wearable devices, etc.), address privacy. We precipice an unprecedented opportunity track, predict, prevent global disease burdens population using data.

Язык: Английский

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Artificial intelligence for good health: a scoping review of the ethics literature

BMC Medical Ethics, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2021

Abstract Background Artificial intelligence (AI) has been described as the “fourth industrial revolution” with transformative and global implications, including in healthcare, public health, health. AI approaches hold promise for improving health systems worldwide, well individual population outcomes. While may have potential advancing equity within between countries, we must consider ethical implications of its deployment order to mitigate harms, particularly most vulnerable. This scoping review addresses following question: What issues identified relation field from a perspective? Methods Eight electronic databases were searched peer reviewed grey literature published before April 2018 using concepts ethics, AI, their related terms. Records independently screened by two reviewers included if they reported on ethics written English language. Data was charted piloted data charting form, descriptive thematic analysis performed. Results Upon reviewing 12,722 articles, 103 met predetermined inclusion criteria. The primarily focused care, carer robots, diagnostics, precision medicine, but largely silent highlighted number common concerns privacy, trust, accountability responsibility, bias. Largely missing context low- middle-income countries (LMICs). Conclusions surrounding are both vast complex. holds improve systems, our suggests that introduction should be approached cautious optimism. dearth LMICs, also points critical need further research into ensure development implementation is everyone, everywhere.

Язык: Английский

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Ethics and governance of trustworthy medical artificial intelligence

BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2023

Abstract Background The growing application of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare has brought technological breakthroughs to traditional diagnosis and treatment, but it is accompanied by many risks challenges. These adverse effects are also seen as ethical issues affect trustworthiness medical AI need be managed through identification, prognosis monitoring. Methods We adopted a multidisciplinary approach summarized five subjects that influence the AI: data quality, algorithmic bias, opacity, safety security, responsibility attribution, discussed these factors from perspectives technology, law, stakeholders institutions. framework values-ethical principles-ethical norms used propose corresponding governance countermeasures for trustworthy ethical, legal, regulatory aspects. Results Medical primarily unstructured, lacking uniform standardized annotation, quality will directly algorithm models. Algorithmic bias can clinical predictions exacerbate health disparities. opacity algorithms affects patients’ doctors’ trust AI, errors or security vulnerabilities pose significant harm patients. involvement practices may threaten doctors ‘and autonomy dignity. When accidents occur with attribution not clear. All people’s AI. Conclusions In order make trustworthy, at level, value orientation promoting human should first foremost considered top-level design. At legal current does have moral status humans remain duty bearers. strengthening management, improving transparency traceability reduce regulating reviewing whole process industry control proposed. It necessary encourage multiple parties discuss assess social impacts, strengthen international cooperation communication.

Язык: Английский

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Molecular networks in Network Medicine: Development and applications

WIREs Systems Biology and Medicine, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(6)

Опубликована: Апрель 19, 2020

Abstract Network Medicine applies network science approaches to investigate disease pathogenesis. Many different analytical methods have been used infer relevant molecular networks, including protein–protein interaction correlation‐based gene regulatory and Bayesian networks. these integrated Omics Big Data (including genetics, epigenetics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics) using computational biology tools and, thereby, has the potential provide improvements in diagnosis, prognosis, treatment of complex diseases. We discuss briefly types data that are analyses, survey for inferring review efforts validate visualize Successful applications analysis reported pulmonary arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic lung diseases, drug development. Important knowledge gaps include incompleteness interactome, challenges identifying key genes within genetic association regions, limited human This article is categorized under: Models Systems Properties Processes > Mechanistic Translational, Genomic, Translational Analytical Computational Methods

Язык: Английский

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Fusing Stretchable Sensing Technology with Machine Learning for Human–Machine Interfaces

Advanced Functional Materials, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 31(39)

Опубликована: Март 18, 2021

Abstract Sensors and algorithms are two fundamental elements to construct intelligent systems. The recent progress in machine learning (ML) has produced great advancements systems, owing the powerful data analysis capability of ML algorithms. However, performance most systems is still hindered by sensing techniques that typically rely on rigid bulky sensor devices, which cannot conform irregularly curved dynamic surfaces for high‐quality acquisition. Skin‐like stretchable technology with unique characteristics, such as high conformability, low modulus, light weight, been recently developed solve this issue. Here, fusion emerging electronics technology, bioelectrical signal recognition, tactile perception, multimodal integration summarized, challenges future developments further discussed. These efforts aim accelerate various perception reasoning tasks advanced applications, human–machine interfaces, healthcare, robotics.

Язык: Английский

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