Hemochorial placentation: development, function, and adaptations†

Biology of Reproduction, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 99(1), С. 196 - 211

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2018

Placentation is a reproductive adaptation that permits fetal growth and development within the protected confines of female tract. Through this important role, placenta also determines postnatal health susceptibility to disease. The hemochorial prominent feature in primate rodent development. This manuscript provides an overview basics placental function, perspectives on major discoveries have shaped research, thoughts strategies for future investigation.

Язык: Английский

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Induction of Human Trophoblast Stem Cells from Somatic Cells and Pluripotent Stem Cells

Cell Reports, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 33(8), С. 108419 - 108419

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2020

Human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs) derived from blastocysts and first-trimester cytotrophoblasts offer an unprecedented opportunity to study the placenta. However, access human embryos placentas is limited, thus preventing establishment of hTSCs diverse genetic backgrounds associated with placental disorders. Here, we show that can be generated numerous using post-natal via two alternative methods: (1) somatic cell reprogramming adult fibroblasts OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, MYC (OSKM) (2) fate conversion naive extended pluripotent cells. The resulting induced/converted recapitulated hallmarks including long-term self-renewal, expression specific transcription factors, transcriptomic signature, potential differentiate into syncytiotrophoblast extravillous We also clarified developmental stage these resemble day 8 cytotrophoblasts. Altogether, hTSC lines origins open possibility model both development diseases in a dish.

Язык: Английский

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Human placental development and function

Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 131, С. 66 - 77

Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2022

The placenta is a transient fetal organ that plays critical role in the health and wellbeing of both fetus its mother. Functionally, sustains growth as it facilitates delivery oxygen nutrients removal waste products. Not surprisingly, defective early placental development primary cause common disorders pregnancy, including recurrent miscarriage, restriction, pre-eclampsia stillbirth. Adverse pregnancy conditions will also affect life-long via developmental programming[1]. Despite importance reproductive success health, our understanding not extensive, largely due to ethical limitations studying or chronological development, lack long-term vitro models, comparative animal models. In this review, we examine current knowledge human discuss maternal endometrium fetal-maternal dialogue success, explore latest models trophoblast endometrial stem cells. addition, formation function, how nutrient mediated during periods histotrophic nutrition (uptake uterine secretions) haemotrophic (exchange between circulations), endocrine function development.

Язык: Английский

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Understanding Chronic Venous Disease: A Critical Overview of Its Pathophysiology and Medical Management

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10(15), С. 3239 - 3239

Опубликована: Июль 22, 2021

Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a multifactorial condition affecting an important percentage of the global population. It ranges from mild clinical signs, such as telangiectasias or reticular veins, to severe manifestations, ulcerations. However, varicose veins (VVs) are most common manifestation CVD. The explicit mechanisms not well-understood. seems that genetics and plethora environmental agents play role in development progression exposure these factors leads altered hemodynamics system, described ambulatory hypertension, therefore promoting microcirculatory changes, inflammatory responses, hypoxia, wall remodeling, epigenetic variations, even with systemic implications. Thus, proper management patients CVD essential prevent potential harms disease, which also entails significant loss quality life individuals. Hence, aim present review collect current knowledge CVD, including its epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, but emphasizing pathophysiology medical care patients, diagnosis, treatments. Furthermore, future directions will be covered this work order provide fields explore context

Язык: Английский

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The Placental Epigenome as a Molecular Link Between Prenatal Exposures and Fetal Health Outcomes Through the DOHaD Hypothesis

Current Environmental Health Reports, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9(3), С. 490 - 501

Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2022

Abstract Purpose of Review The developmental origins health and disease (DOHaD) hypothesis posits that the perinatal environment can impact fetal later life health. placenta is uniquely situated to assess prenatal exposures in context DOHaD because it an essential ephemeral organ manages transport oxygen, nutrients, waste, endocrine signals between mother fetus. purpose this review summarize recent studies evaluated human placentas using epigenomics, including DNA methylation transcriptomic mRNA, lncRNA, microRNAs. Recent Findings Between 2016 2021, 28 articles associations placental epigenomics across broad exposure categories maternal smoking, psychosocial stressors, chemicals, air pollution, metals. Sixteen these connected outcome such as birth weight, growth, or infant neurobehavior through mediation analysis, identification shared outcome, network analysis. These aspects childhood serve a foundation for future aim use epigenetics understand relationships complications (such preterm growth restriction) Summary Placental RNA expression have been linked numerous exposures, PM2.5 metals, well outcomes, weight. provides unique opportunity expand premise, particularly if research applies novel methodologies multi-omics sequencing non-coding RNAs, mixtures assessment outcomes beyond early childhood.

Язык: Английский

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The Pivotal Role of the Placenta in Normal and Pathological Pregnancies: A Focus on Preeclampsia, Fetal Growth Restriction, and Maternal Chronic Venous Disease

Cells, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(3), С. 568 - 568

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2022

The placenta is a central structure in pregnancy and has pleiotropic functions. This organ grows incredibly rapidly during this period, acting as mastermind behind different fetal maternal processes. relevance of the extends far beyond pregnancy, being crucial for programming before birth. Having integrative knowledge maternofetal helps significantly understanding development either proper or pathophysiological context. Thus, aim review to summarize main features placenta, with special focus on its early development, cytoarchitecture, immunology, functions non-pathological conditions. In contraposition, role examined preeclampsia, worrisome hypertensive disorder order describe implications disease. Likewise, dysfunction growth restriction, major consequence also discussed, emphasizing potential clinical strategies derived. Finally, emerging chronic venous disease causative agent equally treated.

Язык: Английский

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Inflammatory responses in the placenta upon SARS-CoV-2 infection late in pregnancy

iScience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 25(5), С. 104223 - 104223

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2022

The effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on placental function is not well understood. Analysis placentas from women who tested positive at delivery showed genomic and subgenomic RNA in 22 out 52 placentas. Placentas two mothers with symptomatic COVID-19 whose pregnancies resulted adverse outcomes for the fetuses contained high levels viral Alpha variant RNA. was localized to trophoblasts that cover fetal chorionic villi direct contact maternal blood. intervillous spaces were infiltrated macrophages T cells. Transcriptome analysis an increased expression chemokines pathways associated inflammation. Infection cultures live spike protein-pseudotyped lentivirus syncytiotrophoblast and, rare cases, endothelial cells mediated by ACE2 Neuropilin-1. Viruses Alpha, Beta, Delta spikes infected significantly greater levels.

Язык: Английский

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Infections and Pregnancy: Effects on Maternal and Child Health

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12

Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2022

Pregnancy causes physiological and immunological adaptations that allow the mother fetus to communicate with precision in order promote a healthy pregnancy. At same time, these may make pregnant women more susceptible infections, resulting variety of pregnancy complications; those pathogens also be vertically transmitted fetus, adverse outcomes. Even though placenta has developed robust microbial defense restrict vertical transmission, certain have evolved mechanisms avoid placental barrier cause congenital diseases. Recent mechanistic studies begun uncover striking role maternal microbiota In this review, we discuss how overcome A better understanding control fetal infection should provide new insights into future translational research.

Язык: Английский

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Placental pathology is necessary to understand common pregnancy complications and achieve an improved taxonomy of obstetrical disease

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 228(2), С. 187 - 202

Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Single-nucleus multi-omic profiling of human placental syncytiotrophoblasts identifies cellular trajectories during pregnancy

Nature Genetics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 56(2), С. 294 - 305

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2024

Abstract The human placenta has a vital role in ensuring successful pregnancy. Despite the growing body of knowledge about its cellular compositions and functions, there been limited research on heterogeneity billions nuclei within syncytiotrophoblast (STB), multinucleated entity primarily responsible for placental function. Here we conducted integrated single-nucleus RNA sequencing ATAC analyses placentas from early late Our findings demonstrate dynamic developmental trajectories STB their correspondence with trophoblast stem cell (hTSC)-derived STB. Furthermore, identified transcription factors associated diverse nuclear lineages through gene regulatory networks experimentally confirmed function hTSC organoid-derived STBs. Together, our data provide insights into represent valuable resource interpreting pregnancy complications.

Язык: Английский

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