Immunocompromised Host Pneumonia: Definitions and Diagnostic Criteria: An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report

Annals of the American Thoracic Society, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 20(3), С. 341 - 353

Опубликована: Март 1, 2023

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <

Язык: Английский

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Global, regional, and national burden of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in older adults aged 60–89 years from 1990 to 2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

The Lancet Healthy Longevity, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(1), С. e17 - e30

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

BackgroundSexually active older adults are often more susceptible to HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) due various health conditions (especially a weakened immune system) low use of condoms. We aimed assess the global, regional, national burdens trends STIs in from 1990 2019.MethodsWe retrieved data Global Burden Diseases, Injuries, Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 on incidence disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) (syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis, genital herpes) for aged 60–89 years 204 countries territories 2019. Estimated annual percentage changes age-standardised DALY rates STIs, by age, sex, Socio-demographic Index (SDI), were calculated quantify temporal trends. Spearman correlation analysis was used examine relationship between SDI.FindingsIn 2019, among globally, there an estimated 77 327 (95% uncertainty interval 59 443 97 648) new cases (age-standardised rate 7·6 [5·9 9·6] per 100 000 population) 26 414 267 (19 777 666 34 860 678) (2607·1 [1952·1 3440·8] 000). The decreased average 2·02% year CI –2·38 –1·66) remained stable (–0·02% [–0·06 0·01]) number DALYs globally 1 905 099 UI 670 056 2 242 807) 132 033 83 512 225 630) STIs. with change 0·97% –0·54 2·50) but 1·55% –1·66 –1·43) Despite global decrease people many regions showed increases, largest increases seen eastern Europe (average 17·84% [14·16 21·63], central Asia (14·26% [11·35 17·25]), high-income Pacific (7·52% [6·54 8·51]). Regionally, SDI.InterpretationAlthough either declined or regional demographic disparities. Health-care providers should be aware effects ageing societies societal factors risk adults, develop age-appropriate interventions. disparities allocation health-care resources different SDIs addressed.FundingNatural Science Foundation China, Fujian Province's Third Batch Flexible Introduction High-Level Medical Talent Teams, Technology Innovation Team (Tianshan Team) Project Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region, Cure Alzheimer's Fund, Helse Sør-Øst, Research Council Norway, Molecule/VitaDAO, NordForsk Foundation, Akershus University Hospital, Civitan Norges Forskningsfond Alzheimers Sykdom, Czech Republic-Norway KAPPA programme, Rosa Sløyfe/Norwegian Cancer Society & Norwegian Breast Society.

Язык: Английский

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Macrophages: Key Cellular Players in HIV Infection and Pathogenesis

Viruses, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(2), С. 288 - 288

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2024

Although cells of the myeloid lineages, including tissue macrophages and conventional dendritic cells, were rapidly recognized, in addition to CD4+ T lymphocytes, as target HIV-1, their specific roles pathophysiology infection initially largely neglected. However, numerous studies performed over past decade, both vitro cell culture systems vivo monkey humanized mouse animal models, led growing evidence that play important direct indirect HIV-1 pathogenesis. It has been recently proposed are likely involved all stages pathogenesis, virus transmission dissemination, but above all, viral persistence through establishment, together with latently infected reservoirs many host tissues, major obstacle eradication people living HIV. Infected indeed found, very often multinucleated giant expressing antigens, almost lymphoid non-lymphoid tissues HIV-1-infected patients, where they can probably persist for long period time. In addition, also participate, directly targets or indirectly key regulators innate immunity inflammation, chronic inflammation associated clinical disorders observed HIV, even patients receiving effective antiretroviral therapy. The main objective this review is therefore summarize recent findings, revisit older data, regarding critical functions infection, found well during different

Язык: Английский

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Mechanisms and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension

Nature Reviews Cardiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Авг. 7, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Alveolar macrophages from persons with HIV mount impaired TNF signaling networks to M. tuberculosis infection

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Март 10, 2025

People living with HIV (PLWH) have an increased risk for developing tuberculosis after M. infection, despite anti-retroviral therapy (ART). To delineate the underlying mechanisms, we conducted single cell transcriptomics on bronchoalveolar lavage cells from PLWH ART and uninfected healthy controls infected ex vivo. We identify M1-like proinflammatory alveolar macrophage subset that sequentially acquires TNF signaling capacity in but not PLWH. Cell-cell communication analyses reveal interactions between macrophages effector memory T within superfamily, chemokine, costimulatory networks airways of controls. These interaction were lacking tuberculosis, where anti-inflammatory M2-like regulatory dominated along dysregulated signatures. Our data support a model which impaired TNF-TNFR signaling, aberrant macrophage-T crosstalk, lead to ineffective immunity ART. are at high development Mycobacterium (Mtb) infection. Here authors compare BAL upon vivo Mtb infection find (AM) reduced expression M1-AM

Язык: Английский

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Pulmonary Immune Dysregulation and Viral Persistence During HIV Infection

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2022

Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with HIV continue to suffer from high burdens respiratory infections, lung cancers and chronic disease at a higher rate than general population. The mucosa, previously neglected reservoir site, is particular importance in this phenomenon. Because ART does not eliminate virus, residual levels that remain deep tissues lead immune activation pulmonary inflammatory pathologies. In turn, continuous systemic inflammation cause cell exhaustion dysregulation, creating pro-inflammatory environment ideal for persistence. Moreover, smoking, gut dysbiosis co-infections further fuel vicious cycle viral replication which, contributes proliferation, maintaining reservoir. Herein, we discuss recent evidence supporting notion lungs serve as an We will explore how changes microbiome, common seen PLWH contribute persistence, rates infectious non-infectious among these individuals.

Язык: Английский

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The role of oral microbiota in cancer

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Окт. 24, 2023

Cancer remains a significant global challenge, with an estimated 47% increase in cancer patients from 2020 to 2040. Increasing research has identified microorganism as risk factor for development. The oral cavity, second only the colon, harbors more than 700 bacterial species and serves crucial microbial habitat. Although numerous epidemiological studies have reported associations between microorganisms major systemic tumors, relationship cancers largely unclear. Current primarily focuses on respiratory digestive system tumors due their anatomical proximity cavity. relevant mechanism mainly involves dominant population that can be cultured vitro . However, further exploration is necessary elucidate mechanisms underlying association microbiota tumors. This review systematically summarizes correlations common while also outlining potential may guide biological tumor treatment.

Язык: Английский

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Analyses of Factors Associated with Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Review

International Journal of COPD, Год журнала: 2023, Номер Volume 18, С. 2707 - 2723

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2023

Abstract: Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is the exacerbation a range respiratory symptoms during stable phase (COPD). AECOPD thus dangerous stage and key event in course COPD, as its deterioration frequency seriously affects quality life patients shortens their survival. occur develop due to many factors such infection, tobacco smoke inhalation, air pollution, comorbidities, airflow limitation, various biomarkers, history previous deterioration, natural killer cell abnormalities, immunoglobulin G deficiency, genetics, abnormal muscle nutritional status, negative psychology, seasonal temperature changes. There relatively limited research on impact role standardized management alleviation AECOPD. However, with establishment relevant prevention systems promotion artificial intelligence technology Internet medical approaches, long-term effective COPD may help achieve prognosis reduce risk AE. Keywords: disease, acute exacerbation, related

Язык: Английский

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HIV-associated lung disease

Nature Reviews Disease Primers, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Июль 27, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Faster lung function decline in people living with HIV despite adequate treatment: a longitudinal matched cohort study

Thorax, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 78(6), С. 535 - 542

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2023

Introduction Chronic lung disease is common among people living with HIV (PLWH). We hypothesised that PLWH receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) have faster function decline than matched controls. Methods performed a prospective cohort study by including ART-treated from the Copenhagen Co-morbidity in Infection Study (n=705) and INSIGHT Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Treatment Pulmonary Substudy (n=425) frequency population controls General Population (n=2895) 1:3 ratio. Eligible participants were ≥25 years old had two spirometry tests separated at least 2 follow-up. Forced expiratory volume 1 s (FEV ) (mL/year) was compared between using linear mixed model adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity smoking status. Effect modification investigated subgroup analyses. Results The majority virally suppressed (96.1%). mean annual FEV 36.4 (95% CI 33.7 to 39.1) vs 27.9 26.9 28.8) mL/year, yielding difference 8.5 5.6 11.4) mL/year. association modified smoking, largest current smokers (difference: 16.8 10.5 23.0) mL/year) smallest never-smokers 5.0 0.7 9.3) mL/year). >40 mL/year more prevalent (adjusted OR: 1.98 1.67 2.34)). Conclusion Well-treated seems modify this association, suggesting may lead rapid

Язык: Английский

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