Alcohol-related
liver
disease
(ALD),
which
includes
a
range
of
disorders
different
severity
and
is
one
the
most
prevalent
types
worldwide,
has
recently
regained
increased
attention.
Among
other
reasons,
realisation
that
any
alcohol
intake,
regardless
type
beverage
represents
health
risk,
new
therapeutic
strategies
tested
in
published
or
undergoing
clinical
trials
spur
scientific
interest
this
area.In
April
2019,
Gut
convened
round
table
panel
experts
during
European
Association
for
Study
Liver
International
Congress
Vienna
to
discuss
critical
up-to-date
issues
trial
data
regarding
ALD,
its
epidemiology,
diagnosis,
management,
pathomechanisms,
possible
future
treatments
prevention.
This
paper
summarises
discussion
conclusions.
Journal of Hepatology,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
72(3), С. 558 - 577
Опубликована: Окт. 15, 2019
The
gut-liver
axis
refers
to
the
bidirectional
relationship
between
gut
and
its
microbiota,
liver,
resulting
from
integration
of
signals
generated
by
dietary,
genetic
environmental
factors.
This
reciprocal
interaction
is
established
portal
vein
which
enables
transport
gut-derived
products
directly
liver
feedback
route
bile
antibody
secretion
intestine.
intestinal
mucosal
vascular
barrier
functional
anatomical
structure
that
serves
as
a
playground
for
interactions
limiting
systemic
dissemination
microbes
toxins
while
allowing
nutrients
access
circulation
reach
liver.
control
microbial
communities
critical
maintaining
homeostasis
axis,
part
this
communication
shapes
communities.
Alcohol
disrupts
at
multiple
interconnected
levels,
including
microbiome,
mucus
barrier,
epithelial
level
antimicrobial
peptide
production,
increases
exposure
proinflammatory
environment
Growing
evidence
indicates
pathogenetic
role
microbe-derived
metabolites,
such
trimethylamine,
secondary
acids,
short-chain
fatty
acids
ethanol,
in
pathogenesis
non-alcoholic
disease.
Cirrhosis
itself
associated
with
profound
alterations
microbiota
damage
different
levels
defence
epithelial,
immune
barriers.
relevance
severe
disturbance
cirrhosis
has
been
linked
translocation
live
bacteria,
bacterial
infections
disease
progression.
identification
elements
primarily
damaged
each
chronic
offers
possibilities
intervention.
Beyond
antibiotics,
upcoming
therapies
centred
on
include
new
generations
probiotics,
metabolites
(postbiotics),
faecal
transplantation,
carbon
nanoparticles.
FXR-agonists
target
both
are
currently
being
tested
diseases.
Finally,
synthetic
biotic
medicines,
phages
specific
bacteria
or
create
physical
barriers
offer
therapeutic
approaches.
Gut,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
68(8), С. 1504 - 1515
Опубликована: Ноя. 17, 2018
Antimicrobial
C-type
lectin
regenerating
islet-derived
3
gamma
(REG3G)
is
suppressed
in
the
small
intestine
during
chronic
ethanol
feeding.
Our
aim
was
to
determine
mechanism
that
underlies
REG3G
suppression
experimental
alcoholic
liver
disease.Interleukin
22
(IL-22)
regulates
expression
of
REG3G.
Therefore,
we
investigated
role
IL-22
mice
subjected
chronic-binge
feeding
(NIAAA
model).In
a
mouse
model
disease,
found
type
innate
lymphoid
cells
produce
lower
levels
IL-22.
Reduced
production
result
ethanol-induced
dysbiosis
and
intestinal
indole-3-acetic
acid
(IAA),
microbiota-derived
ligand
aryl
hydrocarbon
receptor
(AHR),
which
Importantly,
faecal
IAA
were
also
be
patients
with
hepatitis
compared
healthy
controls.
Supplementation
restore
protected
from
steatohepatitis
by
inducing
REG3G,
prevented
translocation
bacteria
liver.
We
engineered
Lactobacillus
reuteri
(L.
reuteri/IL-22)
fed
them
along
diet;
these
had
reduced
damage,
inflammation
bacterial
an
isogenic
control
strain
upregulated
intestine.
However,
L.
reuteri/IL-22
did
not
reduce
disease
Reg3g-/-
mice.Ethanol-associated
reduces
activation
AHR
decrease
intestine,
leading
REG3G;
this
results
steatohepatitis.
Bacteria
induce
