Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on people experiencing incarceration: a systematic review

BMJ Open, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(4), С. e076451 - e076451

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Objective To assess the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on people experiencing incarceration (PEI), focusing particularly clinical outcomes compared with general population. Design Systematic review narrative synthesis in accordance Centre for Reviews and Dissemination’s good practice guidelines. Data sources Medline, Social Policy Practice, Criminology Connection, ASSIA, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web Of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, reviews, Evidence L*OVE databases were searched up to 21 October 2022. Eligibility criteria selecting studies We included presenting data specific adults ≥18 years incarceration, exposure SARS-CoV-2 infection. All a comparison group, regardless study design country included. Studies no group or not measuring outcomes/health inequalities excluded. focussing detained migrants, forensic hospitals, prison staff those English also extraction Two reviewers extracted assessed risk bias. underwent using framework analysis based objectives, infection rates, testing, hospitalisation, mortality, vaccine uptake rates mental health outcomes. There was scope meta-analysis, due heterogeneity evidence available. Results 4516 references exported from grey literature searched, which 55 met inclusion criteria. Most USA retrospective analyses. Compared population, PEI usually found have higher poorer Conflicting regarding testing The declined during pandemic. Certain subgroups more adversely affected by pandemic, such as ethnic minorities older PEI. Conclusion than public, shown largely low-quality heterogenous evidence. Further high-quality research continuing appropriate mitigating interventions is required downstream effects However, performing context facilities highly complex potentially challenging. Prioritisation resources this vulnerable should be focus national policy event future pandemics. PROSPERO registration number CRD42022296968.

Язык: Английский

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Lessons from COVID-19 in Taiwan's long-term care facilities: A narrative review

Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

The coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionately impacted long-term care facilities (LTCFs), revealing vulnerabilities due to residents' advanced age, comorbidities, and facility infrastructures. In Taiwan, the Central Epidemic Control Center implemented a range of strategies protect LTCF residents. These included early containment measures allow time for preparing pharmaceutical intervention, establishment infection prevention control guidelines, implementation comprehensive screening testing protocols, prioritization vaccination both residents staff, expansion national stockpile oral antiviral agents. Measures also addressed protective personal equipment shortages, staffing challenges, integration between social healthcare services, accessibility anti-viral All were made adjusted based on community prevalence, evolving knowledge about virus, balancing negative impacts multifaceted efforts effectively mitigated transmission, maintained essential supported demonstrating critical importance coordinated, adaptive in managing impact COVID-19 vulnerable populations LTCFs. By learning from pandemic, we can develop more effective resilient responses future epidemics LTCFs Taiwan.

Язык: Английский

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Artificial intelligence and ageing populations: Can robotics and AI address the rising needs of the elderly?

Journal of Enabling Technologies, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 19(1), С. 36 - 41

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2025

Purpose This opinion letter explores the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics in addressing growing needs ageing populations, highlighting key advancements challenges associated with their application eldercare. By analysing recent technological developments, practical applications ethical considerations, paper provides a comprehensive overview how AI could transform eldercare systems. Design/methodology/approach Using multidisciplinary approach, this incorporates findings from current research on care for elderly, an emphasis technical developments as well issues. Findings The study shows that can have massive impact improving quality life elderly persons by assisting them health assessment, dosing drugs, encouraging interactions hence reducing centralized pressure healthcare centres. However, moral issues such privacy, depersonalization disparity accessing technologies socio-economic setup are huge barriers to be surmounted order provide optimal solutions Originality/value novelty analysis is evident its use not only potential bring better social communications people but also coming up critical discussion privacy access issues, several views future

Язык: Английский

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The effectiveness of family participation interventions for the prevention of delirium in intensive care units: A systematic review

Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 89, С. 103976 - 103976

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

To review the effect of family participation interventions in preventing delirium Intensive Care Units (ICU). The followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses "Synthesis Without Meta-analysis" guidelines. search was performed using MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Database Reviews, Web Science, Scopus, Central Register Controlled Trials ClinicalTrials.gov databases April 2024. Eligibility criteria included patients admitted to Units, aged 18 or older exposed risk factors delirium, with members present; studies about intervention prevent that considered as a partner care interventions; quantitatively assessed measures on incidence duration delirium; interventional studies. Two authors independently applied these Rayyan® application, assessing study quality Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tools. Fourteen were included, involving 33,232 patients. A meta-analysis not feasible due highly heterogeneous results, but we concluded prevention grouped into single-component multi-component interventions. interventions, such familiar voice messages, flexible visitation, presence, showed favorable response reducing delirium. multicomponent suggesting positive visitation professional-guided orientation; messages reorientation, newspaper reading, nighttime eye patch use; sensory stimulation program; ABCDEF bundle; DyDel education, emotional support, orientation training, cognitive stimulation, ICU life participation. Several both multicomponent, have shown effects outcomes patients, particularly its duration. Identifying can allows development minimize occurrence ICU.

Язык: Английский

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An analysis of ICAR recommendations for long-term care facilities in Alabama

American Journal of Infection Control, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 52(8), С. 974 - 976

Опубликована: Май 9, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Interventions to mitigate the risks of COVID-19 for people experiencing homelessness and their effectiveness: a systematic review

Frontiers in Public Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2024

Objectives People experiencing homelessness also experience poorer clinical outcomes of COVID-19. Various interventions were implemented for people in 2020–2022 different countries response to varied national guidance limit the impact It is important understand what was done and effectiveness such interventions. This systematic review aims describe mitigate risks COVID-19 their effectiveness. Methods A protocol developed registered PROSPERO. Nine databases searched studies on homelessness. Included summarised with narrative synthesis. Results From 8,233 references retrieved from database searches handsearching, 15 included. There a variety interventions, including early identification potential infections, provision isolation space, healthcare support, urgent housing regardless infection. Conclusion The strategies identified generally found be effective, feasible, transferable. must interpreted caution due low volume eligible quality evidence available.

Язык: Английский

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The aftermath of COVID-19: Mortality impact of the pandemic on older persons in Sweden and other Nordic countries, 2020–2023

Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 10, 2024

Aims: The COVID-19 pandemic hit Sweden harder than the other Nordic countries in early phase, especially among older persons. We compared impact of on mortality persons during period 2020–2022 Sweden, Denmark, Finland and Norway, using four different outcome measures. Methods: publicly available information reported cases deaths from World Health Organization Dashboard, age-specific rates, life expectancy at age 65 years excess Statistics database national statistics health agencies Norway. Results: peaked earlier where increased more 2021 2022, also reflected death rates aged 70+ years. was highest followed by Finland, Denmark Life declined 2020 but 2022 Excess nearly twice as high countries. Conclusions: higher partly regained while it Norway Finland. However, similar Different outcomes reflect complexity COVID-19.

Язык: Английский

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Association between assisted living facility context and resident pain during the COVID-19 pandemic: A repeated cross-sectional study

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 7, 2024

Background Resident pain has been a common quality issue in congregate care for older adults, and COVID-19-related public health restrictions may have negatively affected resident pain. Most studies focused on nursing homes (NHs), largely neglecting assisted living (AL). AL residents are at similar risk as NH resident, but with providing fewer services staffing resources. Our study examined whether potentially modifiable home characteristics were associated during the first two waves of COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This repeated cross-sectional linked surveys, collected 1 (March-June 2020) 2 (October 2020-February 2021) from key contact, to administrative Assessment Instrument – Home Care (RAI-HC) records these homes. Surveys assessed preparedness outbreaks, availability registered nurse or practitioner, direct staff shortages, decreased morale, confinement their rooms, supporting video calls physicians, facilitating caregiver involvement. The dependent variable (moderate daily severe intensity) covariates came RAI-HC. Using general estimating equations, adjusted assessments covariates, we assessd factors Results We included 985 41 facilities (wave 1), 1,134 42 2). Pain prevalence [95% confidence interval] non-significantly 20.6% [18.6%-23.2%] 2019) 19.1% [16.9%-21.6%] 2021). Better (odds ratio = 1.383 [1.025–1.866]), rooms (OR 1.616 [1.212–2.155]), practitioner 0.761 [0.591–0.981]), shortages 0.684 [0.527–0.888]) Conclusions facility-level Policy management interventions can must address such factors, powerful levers improving care.

Язык: Английский

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Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Among Residents and Employees in a Veterans Affairs Community Living Center: A 42-Month Prospective Cohort Study

Pathogens and Immunity, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(1), С. 91 - 107

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2024

Background: Understanding routes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission in long-term care facilities is essential for the development effective control measures. Methods: Between March 1, 2020, and August 31, 2023, we identified disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases among residents employees a Veterans Affairs community living center that conducted routine screening asymptomatic COVID-19. Contact tracing was to identify suspected events, whole genome sequencing performed determine relatedness SARS-CoV-2 samples. Results: During 42-month study period, 269 COVID-19 were diagnosed, including 199 70 residents. A total 48 (24.1%) 30 (42.9%) asymptomatic. Sequencing analysis provided support multiple events which transmitted co-workers There 1 episode likely from one resident another resident, but no documented transmissions employees. Conclusions: Transmission predominantly involved need improved measures prevent by healthcare personnel.

Язык: Английский

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Rethinking Infection Control: Nursing Home Administrator Experiences during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(8), С. 105071 - 105071

Опубликована: Июнь 6, 2024

Язык: Английский

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