Functional effects of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs)

Gut Microbes, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Март 17, 2023

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are the third most important solid component in human and act tandem with other bioactive components. Individual HMO levels distribution vary greatly between mothers by multiple variables, such as secretor status, race, geographic region, environmental conditions, season, maternal diet, weight, gestational age mode of delivery. HMOs improve gastrointestinal barrier also promote a bifidobacterium-rich gut microbiome, which protects against infection, strengthens epithelial barrier, creates immunomodulatory metabolites. fulfil variety physiologic functions including potential support to immune system, brain development, cognitive function. Supplementing infant formula is safe promotes healthy development revealing benefits for microbiota composition infection prevention. Because limited data comparing effect non-human HMOs, it not known if offer an additional clinical benefit over oligosaccharides. Better knowledge factors influencing their will help understand short- long-term benefits.

Язык: Английский

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A major mechanism for immunomodulation: Dietary fibres and acid metabolites

Seminars in Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 66, С. 101737 - 101737

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Next generation probiotics: Engineering live biotherapeutics

Biotechnology Advances, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 72, С. 108336 - 108336

Опубликована: Март 2, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Preparation, structural characterization, biological activity, and nutritional applications of oligosaccharides

Food Chemistry X, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 22, С. 101289 - 101289

Опубликована: Март 15, 2024

Oligosaccharides are low-molecular-weight carbohydrates between monosaccharides and polysaccharides. They can be extracted directly from natural products by physicochemical methods or obtained chemical synthesis enzymatic reaction. have important physiological properties. Their research production involve many disciplines such as medicine, industry, biology. Functional oligosaccharides, an excellent functional food base, used dietary fibrer prebiotics to enrich the diet; improve microecology of gut; exert antitumour, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, lipid-lowering Therefore, industrial applications oligosaccharides increased rapidly in past few years. It has great prospects field medicinal chemistry. This review summarized preparation, structural features biological activities with particular emphasis on application industry human nutritional health. aims inform further development

Язык: Английский

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Linking human milk oligosaccharide metabolism and early life gut microbiota: bifidobacteria and beyond

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 88(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2024

SUMMARY Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are complex, multi-functional glycans present in human breast milk. They represent an intricate mix of heterogeneous structures which reach the infant intestine intact form as they resist gastrointestinal digestion. Therefore, confer a multitude benefits, directly and/or indirectly, to developing neonate. Certain bifidobacterial species, being among earliest gut colonizers breast-fed infants, have adapted functional capacity metabolize various HMO structures. This ability is typically observed infant-associated bifidobacteria, opposed bifidobacteria associated with mature microbiota. In recent years, information has been gleaned regarding how these well certain other taxa able assimilate HMOs, including mechanistic strategies enabling their acquisition and consumption. Additionally, complex metabolic interactions occur between microbes facilitated by utilization breakdown products released from degradation. Interest HMO-mediated changes microbial composition function focal point numerous studies, times fueled availability individual biosynthetic some now commonly included formula. this review, we outline main assimilatory catabolic employed discuss that exhibit glycan degradation capacity, cover HMO-supported cross-feeding related metabolites described thus far.

Язык: Английский

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Interactions of human milk oligosaccharides with the immune system

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15

Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2025

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are abundant, diverse and complex sugars present in human breast milk. HMOs well-characterized barriers to microbial infection by modulating the microbiome they also thought be nutritionally beneficial infant. The structural variety of over 200 HMOs, including neutral, fucosylated sialylated forms, allows them interact with immune system various ways. Clinically, impact allergic diseases, reducing autoimmune inflammatory responses, offer support preterm infant health. This review examines HMO composition associated immunomodulatory effects, interactions cell receptors gut-associated responses. These properties highlight potential for use early stage development as novel immunotherapeutics. research is rapidly evolving promises innovative treatments immune-related conditions improved health outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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Shaping oral and intestinal microbiota and the immune system during the first 1,000 days of life

Frontiers in Pediatrics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2025

The first 1, 000 days of life, from the fetal stage a woman's pregnancy to 2 years age after baby is born, critical period for microbial colonization body and development immune system. system microbiota exhibit great plasticity at this play crucial role in subsequent future health. Two-way communication interaction between helpful maintain human microecological balance homeostasis. Currently, there growing interest important newborn, it believed that absence or dysbiosis commensal early life can have lasting health consequences. Thus, paper summarizes research advances establishment oral intestinal microbiome emphasizing substantial impact diversity prenatal postnatal periods, maternal microbes, mode delivery, feeding practices, antibiotics, probiotics, environment shape infants their association with

Язык: Английский

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High-Throughput Glycomic Methods

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 122(20), С. 15865 - 15913

Опубликована: Июль 7, 2022

Glycomics aims to identify the structure and function of glycome, complete set oligosaccharides (glycans), produced in a given cell or organism, as well genes other factors that govern glycosylation. This challenging endeavor requires highly robust, sensitive, potentially automatable analytical technologies for analysis hundreds thousands glycomes timely manner (termed high-throughput glycomics). review provides historic overview highlights recent developments challenges glycomic profiling by most prominent approaches, with N-glycosylation focal point. It describes current state-of-the-art regarding levels characterization widely used technologies, selected applications glycomics deciphering glycosylation process healthy disease states, future perspectives.

Язык: Английский

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Infant Formula With a Specific Blend of Five Human Milk Oligosaccharides Drives the Gut Microbiota Development and Improves Gut Maturation Markers: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Frontiers in Nutrition, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9

Опубликована: Июль 6, 2022

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have important biological functions for a healthy development in early life.This study aimed to investigate gut maturation effects of an infant formula containing five HMOs (2'-fucosyllactose, 2',3-di-fucosyllactose, lacto-N-tetraose, 3'-sialyllactose, and 6'-sialyllactose).In multicenter study, infants (7-21 days old) were randomly assigned standard cow's milk-based (control group, CG); the same with 1.5 g/L (test group 1, TG1); or 2.5 2, TG2). A human milk-fed (HMG) was enrolled as reference. Fecal samples collected at baseline (n∼150/formula group; HMG n = 60), age 3 (n∼140/formula 65) 6 (n∼115/formula 60) months analyzed microbiome (shotgun metagenomics), metabolism, biomarkers.At both post-baseline visits, weighted UniFrac analysis indicated different microbiota compositions two test groups (TGs) compared CG (P < 0.01) coordinates closer that HMG. The relative abundance Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis) higher TGs vs. 0.05; except months: TG2 P 0.083). by ∼45% 6-month approaching At toxigenic Clostridioides difficile 75-85% lower 0.05) comparable pH significantly CG, overall organic acid profile months, (vs. CG) had secretory immunoglobulin (sIgA) alpha-1-antitrypsin 0.05). sIgA remained 0.05), calprotectin TG1 CG.Infant specific blend supports intestinal immune system barrier function shifts breastfed bifidobacteria, particularly B. infantis, difficile.[https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/], identifier [NCT03722550].

Язык: Английский

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Manipulating Microbiota to Treat Atopic Dermatitis: Functions and Therapies

Pathogens, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(6), С. 642 - 642

Опубликована: Июнь 2, 2022

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a globally prevalent skin inflammation with particular impact on children. Current therapies for AD are challenged by the limited armamentarium and high heterogeneity of disease. A novel promising therapeutic target microbiota. Numerous studies have highlighted involvement gut microbiota in pathogenesis AD. The resident at these two epithelial tissues can modulate barrier functions host immune responses, thus regulating progression. For example, pathogenic roles Staphylococcus aureus well-established, making this bacterium an attractive treatment. Targeting another strategy Multiple oral supplements prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics demonstrated efficacy both prevention In review, we summarize association dysbiosis AD, current knowledge commensal pathogenesis. Furthermore, discuss existing manipulating to prevent or treat We also propose potential based cutting-edge progress area.

Язык: Английский

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