Metabolism, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 108, С. 154251 - 154251
Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2020
Язык: Английский
Tropical Medicine & International Health, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 25(3), С. 278 - 280
Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2020
The current outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus disease 2019; previously 2019-nCoV), epi-centred in Hubei Province People's Republic China, has spread to many other countries. On 30. January 2020, WHO Emergency Committee declared a global health emergency based on growing case notification rates at Chinese and international locations. detection rate is changing daily can be tracked almost real time website provided by Johns Hopkins University 1 forums. As midst February China bears large burden morbidity mortality, whereas incidence Asian countries, Europe North America remains low so far. Coronaviruses are enveloped, positive single-stranded RNA viruses that infect humans, but also wide range animals. were first described 1966 Tyrell Bynoe, who cultivated from patients with common colds 2. Based their morphology as spherical virions core shell surface projections resembling solar corona, they termed coronaviruses (Latin: corona = crown). Four subfamilies, namely alpha-, beta-, gamma- delta-coronaviruses exist. While alpha- beta-coronaviruses apparently originate mammals, particular bats, delta-viruses pigs birds. genome size varies between 26 kb 32 kb. Among seven subtypes may cause severe fatalities, alpha-coronaviruses asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic infections. belongs B lineage closely related SARS-CoV virus 3, 4. major four structural genes encode nucleocapsid protein (N), spike (S), small membrane (SM) glycoprotein (M) an additional (HE) occurring HCoV-OC43 HKU1 5. 96% identical whole-genome level bat succeeded making its transition animals humans Huanan seafood market Wuhan, China. However, endeavours identify potential intermediate hosts seem have been neglected Wuhan exact route transmission urgently needs clarified. initial clinical sign SARS-CoV-2-related COVID-19 which allowed was pneumonia. More recent reports describe gastrointestinal symptoms infections, especially among young children 6. Observations far suggest mean incubation period five days 7 median 3 (range: 0–24 days) 8. proportion individuals infected remain throughout course infection not yet definitely assessed. In patients, manifestations usually start after less than week, consisting fever, cough, nasal congestion, fatigue signs upper respiratory tract progress dyspnoea chest corresponding pneumonia approximately 75% seen computed tomography admission Pneumonia mostly occurs second third week infection. Prominent viral include decreased oxygen saturation, blood gas deviations, changes visible through X-rays imaging techniques, ground glass abnormalities, patchy consolidation, alveolar exudates interlobular involvement, eventually indicating deterioration. Lymphopenia appears common, inflammatory markers (C-reactive proinflammatory cytokines) elevated. Recent investigations 425 confirmed cases demonstrate epidemic double number affected every each patient spreads 2.2 average (R0) Estimates 2003 reported R0 9. A data-driven analysis early phase estimates 3.58 10. Dense communities risk most vulnerable region certainly Africa, due dense traffic Africa. Very few African countries sufficient appropriate diagnostic capacities obvious challenges exist handle such outbreaks. Indeed, might soon affect identified 13 top-priority (Algeria, Angola, Cote d'Ivoire, Democratic Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Nigeria, South Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia) either maintain direct links high volume travel studies indicate ≥60 years age higher likely become or, if so, show milder even 7. 13. fatality infections 2.2% (1370/60363; 06:53 PM CET); it 9.6% (774/8096) 11 34.4% (858/2494) MERS-CoV since 2012 12. Like viruses, infects lung epithelial cells using receptor-mediated endocytosis via angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) entry receptor Artificial intelligence predicts drugs associated AP2-associated kinase (AAK1) disrupting these proteins inhibit into target Baricitinib, used treatment rheumatoid arthritis, AAK1 Janus inhibitor suggested for controlling replication Moreover, one vitro study remdesivir, adenosine analogue acts inhibitor, improved condition 14, 15. Chloroquine, increasing endosomal pH required virus-cell fusion, blocking 15 shown activation p38 mitogen-activated (MAPK), involved HCoV-229E 16. combination antiretroviral lopinavir ritonavir significantly 17 option Further possibilities leronlimab, humanised monoclonal antibody (CCR5 antagonist), galidesivir, nucleoside polymerase both survival benefits several deadly being considered candidates 18. Repurposing available immediate use could improve currently management. Clinical trials presently registered ClinicalTrials.gov focus efficacy immunoglobulins, arbidol hydrochloride combined interferon atomisation, ASC09F+Oseltamivir, plus oseltamivir, ritonavir, mesenchymal stem cell treatment, darunavir cobicistat, hydroxychloroquine, methylprednisolone washed microbiota transplantation 19. Given fragile systems sub-Saharan new re-emerging outbreaks potentially paralyse expense primary healthcare requirements. impact Ebola economy structures still felt later those affected. Effective responses preparedness during emergencies magnitude challenging across lower-middle-income Such situations partly only mitigated supporting existing regional structures.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
2377
Sustainability, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(20), С. 8438 - 8438
Опубликована: Окт. 13, 2020
The paper presents the most comprehensive and large-scale study to date on how students perceive impacts of first wave COVID-19 crisis in early 2020 various aspects their lives a global level. With sample 30,383 from 62 countries, reveals that amid worldwide lockdown transition online learning were satisfied with support provided by teaching staff universities’ public relations. Still, deficient computer skills perception higher workload prevented them perceiving own improved performance new environment. Students mainly concerned about issues do future professional career studies, experienced boredom, anxiety, frustration. pandemic has led adoption particular hygienic behaviours (e.g., wearing masks, washing hands) discouraged certain daily practices leaving home, shaking hands). also more role played hospitals universities during epidemic compared governments banks. findings show socio-demographic characteristics (male, part-time, first-level, applied sciences, lower living standard, Africa or Asia) significantly less academic work/life crisis, whereas female, full-time, first-level faced financial problems generally affected terms emotional life personal circumstances. Key factors influencing students’ satisfaction university are identified. Policymakers education institutions around world may benefit these while formulating policy recommendations strategies this any pandemics.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1342
Allergy, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 76(2), С. 428 - 455
Опубликована: Ноя. 13, 2020
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has an unprecedented global social and economic impact, high numbers deaths. Many risk factors have been identified in progression COVID-19 into a critical stage, including old age, male gender, underlying comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, chronic lung diseases, heart, liver kidney tumors, clinically apparent immunodeficiencies, local early type I interferon secretion capacity, pregnancy. Possible complications include injury, coagulation disorders, thoromboembolism. development lymphopenia eosinopenia are laboratory indicators COVID-19. Laboratory parameters to monitor lactate dehydrogenase, procalcitonin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), ferritin. cytokine storm extensive chest computed tomography imaging patterns disease. In addition, socioeconomic status, diet, lifestyle, geographical differences, ethnicity, exposed viral load, day initiation treatment, quality health care reported influence individual outcomes. this review, we highlight scientific evidence on severity
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1295
BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 7(1), С. e000960 - e000960
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021
Objective In March 2020, several countries banned unnecessary outdoor activities during COVID-19, commonly called ‘lockdowns. These lockdowns have the potential to impact associated levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Given numerous health outcomes with behaviour, aim this review was summarise literature that investigated differences in behaviour before vs COVID-19 lockdown. Design, data sources eligibility criteria Electronic databases were searched from November 2019 October 2020 using terms synonyms relating activity, COVID-19. The coprimary changes and/or captured via device-based measures or self-report tools. Risk bias measured Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results Sixty six articles met inclusion included (total n=86 981). Changes reported 64 studies, majority studies reporting decreases increases behaviours their respective across populations, including children patients a variety medical conditions. Conclusion mental benefits increased decreased public strategies should include creation implementation interventions promote safe reduce other occur.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1275
Obesity Reviews, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 21(11)
Опубликована: Авг. 26, 2020
The linkage of individuals with obesity and COVID-19 is controversial lacks systematic reviews. After a search the Chinese English language literature on COVID-19, 75 studies were used to conduct series meta-analyses relationship obesity-COVID-19 over full spectrum from risk mortality. A review mechanistic pathways for presented. Pooled analysis show more at positive, >46.0% higher (OR = 1.46; 95% CI, 1.30-1.65; p < 0.0001); hospitalization, 113% 2.13; 1.74-2.60; ICU admission, 74% 1.74; 1.46-2.08); mortality, 48% increase in deaths 1.48; 1.22-1.80; 0.001). Mechanistic are presented depth factors linked risk, severity their potential diminished therapeutic prophylactic treatments among these individuals. Individuals large significant increases morbidity mortality COVID-19. There many mechanisms that jointly explain this impact. major concern vaccines will be less effective obesity.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1070
Frontiers in Psychology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11
Опубликована: Окт. 2, 2020
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019 prompted consternation many parts the world. Due to its fast dissemination, World Health Organization declared a pandemic March 2020. Aiming contain spread virus, leaders countries restrained social movement, targeting flatten curve contamination with distancing. This review aimed analyze how human behavior has changed throughout this period. We also approached key components emotional reaction pandemic, internal and external factors, such as personality traits, gender, media, economy governmental response, influence perception psychological outcomes current scenario. Moreover, we explored depth groups at increased risk suffering mental health burden secondary these circumstances. These include healthcare professionals, elderly individuals, children, college students, black subjects, latin LGBTQ+ communities, economically disadvantaged groups, homeless, prisoners, rural population psychiatric patients. discussed several measures that might minimize impact derived from It is crucial authorities, government articulate assist vulnerable promote support strategies. it fundamental provided accurate information concerning COVID-19 pandemic.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
529
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 17(18), С. 6567 - 6567
Опубликована: Сен. 9, 2020
Regular physical activity is related to many factors in a university student’s environment. The coronavirus pandemic and the resulting lockdown have restricted elements of our aim this study was evaluate students’ sedentary behaviour at two points time: before during lockdown. As secondary aim, we also wanted look changes from other (alcohol, tobacco, diet, stages change, symptoms anxiety/depression sociodemographic characteristics). We conducted an observational, cross-sectional, pre-post with cut-off points. Two hundred thirteen students took part study. main dependent variables were sitting time, measured using International Physical Activity Questionnaire—Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Parametric non-parametric tests used for paired unpaired data, as well group-stratified analysis. During lockdown, both weekly (MD: −159.87; CI: −100.44, −219.31) time increased −106.76; −71.85, −141.67). In group analysis, differences observed relation gender, year study, BMI, alcohol consumption, tobacco use, anxiety/depression, Mediterranean living situation stage change. results showed increase globally by group.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
486
Frontiers in Nutrition, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 8
Опубликована: Март 4, 2021
Background: Since the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic, access to fresh food has been restricted, and people are spending more time inside have limited their physical activity. However, at home may resulted in some positive habits including an increase cooking. The aim this review was assess dietary changes during first lockdown. Themes patterns were considered associations with other lifestyle factors assessed. Methods: Between June July 2020, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct databases searched, results screened for eligibility based on title, abstract, full text. inclusion criteria search included: papers published (or pre-print) year 2020; studies that investigated impact lockdown diet; English. Exclusion as follows: examining those following a structured diet diagnosed conditions or dietetic advice; literature, systematic, narrative reviewing previous research. Researchers agreed study characteristics extraction from final papers. Results: Four thousand three hundred twenty-two originally 23 full-text included. themes identified: patterns, (favorable), (unfavorable), (includes activity levels, weight gain). A total 10 reported number snacks consumed, while six found participants increased meal frequency quarantine. Eleven favorable produce cooking reductions comfort alcohol consumption. nine reduction produce, further reporting foods sweets, fried food, snack foods, processed foods. Two In eight gain seven exercise. Conclusion: effect both negatively positively impacted practices throughout Europe globally, negative associated poor outcomes gain, mental health issues, Both short term if sustained long term, these significant impacts population.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
377
Nutrients, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(7), С. 2152 - 2152
Опубликована: Июль 19, 2020
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a huge impact on the population with consequences lifestyles. aim of study was to analyse relationship between eating habits, mental and emotional mood. A survey conducted online during social isolation, from 24 April 18 May 2020, among Italian population. total 602 interviewees were included in data analysis. high percentage respondents experienced depressed mood, anxious feelings, hypochondria insomnia (61.3%, 70.4%, 46.2% 52.2%). Almost half felt due fact their consumed comfort food inclined increase intake feel better. Age inversely related dietary control (OR = 0.971, p 0.005). Females more disposed than males (p < 0.001; 0.001). strength our represented by that quickly most critical period epidemic lockdown. As is still ongoing, need be confirmed investigated future larger studies.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
369
Опубликована: Авг. 10, 2020
The paper aims to present the most comprehensive and large-scale study date of students’ perceived impacts COVID-19 crisis on different aspects their lives a global level. with sample 30,383 students from 62 countries reveals that due worldwide lockdown transition online learning were satisfied support teaching staff universities’ public relations. Nevertheless, lack computer skills perception increased workload prevented them perceiving higher performance in new environment. Students mainly concerned about future professional career studying issues, feeling boredom, anxiety frustration. pandemic encouraged some hygienic behaviors (i.e. wearing masks, washing hands) discouraged certain daily habits leaving home, shaking hands). also more role hospitals universities during epidemic, compared government banks. Further findings demonstrate selected sociodemographic characteristics (male, part-time, first level, applied sciences, lower living standard, Africa or Asia) were, general, strongly affected by as they significantly less academic work/life. Key factors influencing students' satisfaction university have been identified. Policymakers education institutions may benefit these when formulating policy recommendations tactics how pandemic.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
368