Archiv der Pharmazie,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
358(1)
Опубликована: Дек. 27, 2024
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
a
prevalent
neurological
illness
that
affects
over
80%
of
aged
adults
globally
in
cases
dementia.
Although
the
exact
pathophysiological
causes
AD
remain
unclear,
its
pathogenesis
primarily
driven
by
several
distinct
biochemical
alterations:
(i)
accumulation
toxic
Aβ
plaques,
(ii)
hyperphosphorylation
tau
proteins,
(iii)
oxidative
stress
resulting
cell
death,
and
(iv)
an
imbalance
between
two
main
neurotransmitters,
glutamate
acetylcholine
(ACh).
Currently,
there
are
very
few
medications
available
no
treatment.
Presently
marketed
include
memantine,
N-methyl-d-aspartate
receptor
(NMDA)
antagonist,
acetylcholinesterase
(AChE)
inhibitors:
rivastigmine,
donepezil,
galantamine.
Unfortunately,
these
only
useful
initial
stages
AD.
The
mentioned
provide
symptomatic
relief
do
not
slow
down
progression
advanced
stages.
Therefore,
urgent
need
to
develop
potential
candidates
treat
AD,
symptomatically
therapeutically.
Many
research
groups
focus
on
natural
products
due
their
diverse
therapeutic
profiles
easy
availability.
One
such
product
deoxyvasicinone,
isolated
from
Adhatoda
vasica.
Given
broad
pharmacological
profile,
various
researchers
have
developed
semisynthetic
hybrids
deoxyvasicinone
address
multifaceted
diseases
like
In
this
review
article,
we
tried
summarize
past
decade
(2014-2024)
for
managing
We
design,
activity,
structure-activity
relationship
(SAR)
analysis.
hope
enhances
reader's
understanding
future
exploratory
options
management.
Biology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
14(1), С. 98 - 98
Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2025
Neurodegenerative
diseases
are
characterized
by
profound
differences
between
females
and
males
in
terms
of
incidence,
clinical
presentation,
disease
progression.
Furthermore,
there
is
evidence
suggesting
that
sensitivity
to
medical
treatments
may
exist
the
two
sexes.
Although
role
sex
hormones
chromosomes
driving
differential
susceptibility
these
well-established,
molecular
alterations
underlying
remain
poorly
understood.
Epigenetic
mechanisms,
including
DNA
methylation,
histone
tail
modifications,
activity
non-coding
RNAs,
strongly
implicated
pathogenesis
neurodegenerative
diseases.
While
it
known
epigenetic
mechanisms
play
a
crucial
sexual
differentiation
distinct
patterns
characterize
males,
sex-specific
have
been
largely
overlooked
studies
aiming
identify
associated
with
This
review
aims
provide
an
overview
processes
central
nervous
system,
main
three
diseases,
Alzheimer’s
disease,
Parkinson’s
amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis.
Understanding
sex-related
essential
for
developing
personalized
interventions
account
unique
landscapes
each
sex.
Nutrients,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
17(3), С. 558 - 558
Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2025
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
is
the
most
common
form
of
dementia
and
characterized
by
memory
impairment
that
significantly
interferes
with
daily
life.
Therapeutic
options
for
AD
substantively
modify
progression
remain
a
critical
unmet
need.
In
this
regard,
gut
microbiota
crucial
in
maintaining
human
health
regulating
metabolism
immune
responses,
increasing
evidence
suggests
probiotics,
particularly
beneficial
bacteria,
can
enhance
cognitive
functions.
Recent
studies
have
highlighted
positive
effects
Bifidobacterium
breve
MCC1274
(B.
MCC1274)
on
individuals
mild
(MCI)
schizophrenia.
Additionally,
oral
supplementation
B.
has
been
shown
to
effectively
prevent
decline
AppNL–G–F
mice.
relation
pathology,
found
reduce
amyloid-β
(Aβ)
accumulation
tau
phosphorylation
both
wild-type
(WT)
It
also
decreases
microglial
activation
increases
levels
synaptic
proteins.
review,
we
examine
AD,
exploring
potential
mechanisms
action
how
probiotic
strain
may
aid
preventing
or
treating
disease.
Furthermore,
discuss
broader
implications
improving
overall
host
provide
insights
into
future
research
directions
promising
therapy.
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 142887 - 142887
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025
Amyloid-beta
(Aβ)
and
tubulin-associated
unit
(tau)
proteins
are
key
biomarkers
of
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD),
detectable
by
Positron
Emission
Tomography
(PET)
imaging
Cerebrospinal
Fluid
(CSF)
assays.
They
reflect
insoluble
fibrils
in
the
brain
soluble
monomers
cerebrospinal
fluid,
respectively.
PET
CSF
have
been
utilized
diagnosing
AD;
however,
their
incomplete
agreement
significantly
confounds
early
detection.
Additionally,
molecular
mechanisms
underlying
dynamics
AD
remain
elusive
yet
to
be
quantitatively
revealed.
To
answer
these
questions,
we
develop
a
multiscale
mathematical
model
that
characterizes
various
forms
biomarkers,
including
molecules
diffusive
across
regions,
brain.
Mathematical
modeling
enables
explanation
asynchronous
trajectory
biomarkers.
Our
captures
spatiotemporal
Aβ
tau
with
neurodegeneration
AD.
Simulation
results
demonstrate
PET-CSF
discordance
is
typical
stage
natural
history
protein
aggregation,
becoming
abnormal
before
onset
abnormality.
Furthermore,
correlation
analysis
reveals
more
strongly
associated
tau-PET
than
Aβ-PET.
These
findings
suggest
recognized
as
biomarker
at
AD,
while
suitable
for
assessment.
The
proposed
explains
neurobiological
factors
contributing
offers
valuable
tool
improving
detection
treatment
strategies
clinical
trials.
Abstract
The
microenvironment
of
the
central
nervous
system
is
highly
complex
and
plays
a
crucial
role
in
maintaining
function
neurons,
which
influences
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
progression.
pH
value
brain
critical
aspect
regulating
various
physiological
processes.
However,
specific
mechanisms
this
mechanism
are
not
yet
fully
understood.
To
better
understand
relationship
between
AD,
we
analyzed
frontal
lobe
AD
pathology
scores
postmortem
samples
from
368
donors
National
Human
Brain
Bank
for
Development
Function,
96
whom
were
diagnosed
with
pathology.
Analysis
revealed
significant
decrease
patients,
was
strongly
correlated
β-amyloid
plaques
phosphorylated
tau
proteins.
Here,
elucidated
differential
protein
expression
level
CD68-positive
microglia
control
groups
(t
=
3.198,
df
20,
P
0.0045),
its
negatively
(F
26.93,
p
0.0006).
Our
findings
that
increased
activation
disrupted
lysosomal
homeostasis
pathological
tissue
individuals
may
lead
to
pH.
