Frontiers in Microbiology,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
9
Опубликована: Сен. 11, 2018
Stress,
a
ubiquitous
part
of
daily
human
life,
has
varied
biological
effects
which
are
increasingly
recognized
as
including
modulation
commensal
microorganisms
residing
in
the
gastrointestinal
tract,
gut
microbiota.
In
turn,
microbiota
influences
host
stress
response
and
associated
sequelae,
thereby
implicating
an
important
mediator
health.
This
narrative
review
aims
to
synthesize
evidence
concerning
impact
psychological,
environmental,
physical
stressors
on
composition
activity.
The
reviewed
include
psychological
stress,
circadian
disruption,
sleep
deprivation,
environmental
extremes
(high
altitude,
heat,
cold),
pathogens,
toxicants
pollutants,
activity,
diet
(nutrient
food
restriction).
Stressors
were
selected
for
their
direct
relevance
military
personnel,
population
that
is
commonly
exposed
these
stressors,
often
at
extremes,
combination.
However,
also
common,
alone
or
combination,
some
civilian
populations.
Evidence
from
preclinical
studies
collectively
indicates
alter
but
vary
across
can
may
be
beneficial
detrimental
Translation
findings
humans
largely
lacking
present.
gap
precludes
concluding
with
certainty
transient
cumulative
exposures
have
any
consistent,
meaningful
provocative
highlights
need
translational
research
aiming
elucidate
microbiota,
how
manipulated,
example
by
using
nutrition,
mitigate
adverse
responses.
Journal of The Royal Society Interface,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
15(141), С. 20170387 - 20170387
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2018
Deep
learning
describes
a
class
of
machine
algorithms
that
are
capable
combining
raw
inputs
into
layers
intermediate
features.
These
have
recently
shown
impressive
results
across
variety
domains.
Biology
and
medicine
data-rich
disciplines,
but
the
data
complex
often
ill-understood.
Hence,
deep
techniques
may
be
particularly
well
suited
to
solve
problems
these
fields.
We
examine
applications
biomedical
problems-patient
classification,
fundamental
biological
processes
treatment
patients-and
discuss
whether
will
able
transform
tasks
or
if
sphere
poses
unique
challenges.
Following
from
an
extensive
literature
review,
we
find
has
yet
revolutionize
biomedicine
definitively
resolve
any
most
pressing
challenges
in
field,
promising
advances
been
made
on
prior
state
art.
Even
though
improvements
over
previous
baselines
modest
general,
recent
progress
indicates
methods
provide
valuable
means
for
speeding
up
aiding
human
investigation.
Though
linking
specific
neural
network's
prediction
input
features,
understanding
how
users
should
interpret
models
make
testable
hypotheses
about
system
under
study
remains
open
challenge.
Furthermore,
limited
amount
labelled
training
presents
some
domains,
as
do
legal
privacy
constraints
work
with
sensitive
health
records.
Nonetheless,
foresee
enabling
changes
at
both
bench
bedside
potential
several
areas
biology
medicine.
Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
17(11), С. 687 - 701
Опубликована: Авг. 21, 2020
Abstract
In
May
2019,
the
International
Scientific
Association
for
Probiotics
and
Prebiotics
(ISAPP)
convened
a
panel
of
nutritionists,
physiologists
microbiologists
to
review
definition
scope
synbiotics.
The
updated
synbiotic
“a
mixture
comprising
live
microorganisms
substrate(s)
selectively
utilized
by
host
that
confers
health
benefit
on
host”.
concluded
defining
synbiotics
as
simply
probiotics
prebiotics
could
suppress
innovation
are
designed
function
cooperatively.
Requiring
each
component
must
meet
evidence
dose
requirements
individually
also
present
an
obstacle.
Rather,
clarified
complementary
synbiotic,
which
has
not
been
so
its
parts
cooperatively,
be
composed
probiotic
plus
prebiotic,
whereas
synergistic
does
need
so.
A
is
substrate
co-administered
microorganisms.
This
Consensus
Statement
further
explores
levels
(existing
required),
safety,
effects
upon
targets
implications
stakeholders
concept.
Nature Reviews Genetics,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
20(6), С. 341 - 355
Опубликована: Март 27, 2019
Clinical
metagenomic
next-generation
sequencing
(mNGS),
the
comprehensive
analysis
of
microbial
and
host
genetic
material
(DNA
RNA)
in
samples
from
patients,
is
rapidly
moving
research
to
clinical
laboratories.
This
emerging
approach
changing
how
physicians
diagnose
treat
infectious
disease,
with
applications
spanning
a
wide
range
areas,
including
antimicrobial
resistance,
microbiome,
human
gene
expression
(transcriptomics)
oncology.
Here,
we
focus
on
challenges
implementing
mNGS
laboratory
address
potential
solutions
for
maximizing
its
impact
patient
care
public
health.
(mNGS)
bench
bedside.
Review
discusses
mNGS,
disease
diagnostics,
microbiome
analyses,
response
analyses
oncology
applications.
Moreover,
authors
review
that
need
be
overcome
successfully
implemented
propose
maximize
benefits
patients.
Nature,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
550(7674), С. 61 - 66
Опубликована: Сен. 19, 2017
Abstract
The
characterization
of
baseline
microbial
and
functional
diversity
in
the
human
microbiome
has
enabled
studies
microbiome-related
disease,
diversity,
biogeography,
molecular
function.
National
Institutes
Health
Human
Microbiome
Project
provided
one
broadest
such
characterizations
so
far.
Here
we
introduce
a
second
wave
data
from
study,
comprising
1,631
new
metagenomes
(2,355
total)
targeting
diverse
body
sites
with
multiple
time
points
265
individuals.
We
applied
updated
profiling
assembly
methods
to
provide
personalization.
Strain
identification
revealed
subspecies
clades
specific
sites;
it
also
quantified
species
phylogenetic
under-represented
isolate
genomes.
Body-wide
classified
pathways
into
universal,
human-enriched,
site-enriched
subsets.
Finally,
temporal
analysis
decomposed
variation
rapidly
variable,
moderately
stable
This
study
furthers
our
knowledge
enables
an
understanding
personalized
function
dynamics.
The
human
gut
microbiome
is
a
critical
component
of
digestion,
breaking
down
complex
carbohydrates,
proteins,
and
to
lesser
extent
fats
that
reach
the
lower
gastrointestinal
tract.
This
process
results
in
multitude
microbial
metabolites
can
act
both
locally
systemically
(after
being
absorbed
into
bloodstream).
impact
these
biochemicals
on
health
complex,
as
potentially
beneficial
toxic
be
yielded
from
such
pathways,
some
cases,
effects
are
dependent
upon
metabolite
concentration
or
organ
locality.
aim
this
review
summarize
our
current
knowledge
how
macronutrient
metabolism
by
influences
health.
Metabolites
discussed
include
short-chain
fatty
acids
alcohols
(mainly
monosaccharides);
ammonia,
branched-chain
acids,
amines,
sulfur
compounds,
phenols,
indoles
(derived
amino
acids);
glycerol
choline
derivatives
(obtained
breakdown
lipids);
tertiary
cycling
carbon
dioxide
hydrogen.
Key
taxa
related
disease
states
will
referred
each
case,
gaps
could
contribute
understanding
overall
wellness
identified.
