Cancers,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
12(3), С. 590 - 590
Опубликована: Март 5, 2020
Dendritic
cells
(DCs)
have
shown
great
potential
as
a
component
or
target
in
the
landscape
of
cancer
immunotherapy.
Different
vivo
and
ex
strategies
DC
vaccine
generation
with
different
outcomes
been
proposed.
Numerous
clinical
trials
demonstrated
their
efficacy
safety
patients.
However,
there
is
no
consensus
regarding
which
DC-based
method
preferable.
A
problem
result
comparison
between
DC-loading
-targeting
approaches
applied
remains.
The
employment
maturation
methods,
antigens
administration
routes
from
trial
to
also
limits
objective
vaccines.
In
present
review,
we
discuss
methods
generation.
We
conclude
that
standardized
designs,
treatment
settings
outcome
assessment
criteria
will
help
determine
approach
should
be
certain
cases.
This
reduction
alternatives
selection
preferable
tactics
patient.
Moreover,
it
has
become
clear
application
alone
not
sufficient
combination
immunotherapy
recent
advances,
such
immune
checkpoint
inhibitors,
employed
achieve
better
response
outcome.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
8(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2023
Abstract
Recent
advances
in
neoantigen
research
have
accelerated
the
development
and
regulatory
approval
of
tumor
immunotherapies,
including
cancer
vaccines,
adoptive
cell
therapy
antibody-based
therapies,
especially
for
solid
tumors.
Neoantigens
are
newly
formed
antigens
generated
by
cells
as
a
result
various
tumor-specific
alterations,
such
genomic
mutation,
dysregulated
RNA
splicing,
disordered
post-translational
modification,
integrated
viral
open
reading
frames.
recognized
non-self
trigger
an
immune
response
that
is
not
subject
to
central
peripheral
tolerance.
The
quick
identification
prediction
neoantigens
been
made
possible
advanced
next-generation
sequencing
bioinformatic
technologies.
Compared
tumor-associated
antigens,
highly
immunogenic
provide
emerging
targets
personalized
serve
prospective
predictors
survival
prognosis
checkpoint
blockade
responses.
therapies
will
be
aided
understanding
mechanism
underlying
neoantigen-induced
anti-tumor
streamlining
process
neoantigen-based
immunotherapies.
This
review
provides
overview
on
characterization
outlines
clinical
applications
immunotherapeutic
strategies
based
neoantigens.
We
also
explore
their
current
status,
inherent
challenges,
translation
potential.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
12
Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2021
Cancer
immunotherapy
works
by
stimulating
and
strengthening
the
body’s
anti-tumor
immune
response
to
eliminate
cancer
cells.
Over
past
few
decades,
has
shown
remarkable
efficacy
in
treatment
of
cancer,
particularly
success
checkpoint
blockade
targeting
CTLA-4,
PD-1
PDL1,
which
led
a
breakthrough
tumor
immunotherapy.
Tumor
neoantigens,
new
approach
immunotherapy,
include
antigens
produced
viruses
integrated
into
genome
mutant
proteins,
are
abundantly
expressed
only
cells
have
strong
immunogenicity
heterogeneity.
A
growing
number
studies
highlighted
relationship
between
neoantigens
T
cells’
recognition
Vaccines
developed
against
now
being
used
clinical
trials
various
solid
tumors.
In
this
review,
we
summarized
latest
advances
classification
process
classification,
identification
synthesis
tumor-specific
as
well
their
role
current
Finally,
application
prospects
existing
problems
were
discussed.
Journal of Biomedical Science,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
30(1)
Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2023
mRNA-based
drugs
have
tremendous
potential
as
clinical
treatments,
however,
a
major
challenge
in
realizing
this
drug
class
will
promise
to
develop
methods
for
safely
delivering
the
bioactive
agents
with
high
efficiency
and
without
activating
immune
system.
With
regard
mRNA
vaccines,
researchers
modified
structure
enhance
its
stability
promote
systemic
tolerance
of
antigenic
presentation
non-inflammatory
contexts.
Still,
delivery
naked
mRNAs
is
inefficient
results
low
levels
antigen
protein
production.
As
such,
lipid
nanoparticles
been
utilized
improve
protect
cargo
from
extracellular
degradation.
This
advance
was
milestone
development
vaccines
dispelled
skepticism
about
technology
yield
clinically
approved
medicines.
Following
resounding
success
COVID-19,
many
other
proposed
treatment
variety
diseases.
review
begins
discussion
modifications
vehicles,
well
factors
that
influence
administration
routes.
Then,
we
summarize
applications
discuss
further
key
points
pertaining
preclinical
targeting
wide
range
Finally,
latest
market
trends
future
drugs.
Abstract
Cancer
immunotherapies
have
improved
human
health,
and
one
among
the
important
technologies
for
cancer
immunotherapy
is
vaccine.
Antigens
are
most
components
in
vaccines.
Generally,
antigens
vaccines
can
be
divided
into
two
categories:
pre‐defined
unidentified
antigens.
Although,
loaded
with
predefined
commonly
used,
vaccine
mixed
antigens,
especially
whole
cells
or
cell
lysates,
a
very
promising
approach,
such
obviate
some
limitations
Their
advantages
include,
but
not
limited
to,
inclusion
of
pan‐spectra
(all
kinds
of)
inducing
pan‐clones
specific
T
cells,
overcoming
heterogeneity
cells.
In
this
review,
recent
advances
based
on
whole‐tumor
either
summarized.
terms
focus
applying
water‐soluble
lysates
as
Recently,
utilizing
has
become
feasible.
Considering
that
pre‐determined
antigen‐based
(mainly
peptide‐based
mRNA‐based)
various
limitations,
developing
alternative.
Abstract
Adoptive
cell
therapy
(ACT)
is
a
rapidly
growing
anti‐cancer
strategy
that
has
shown
promise
in
treating
various
cancer
types.
The
concept
of
ACT
involves
activating
patients’
own
immune
cells
ex
vivo
and
then
transferring
them
back
to
the
patients
recognize
eliminate
cells.
Currently,
commonly
used
includes
tumor‐infiltrating
lymphocytes
(TILs),
genetically
engineered
cells,
dendritic
(DCs)
vaccines.
With
advancement
culture
genetic
engineering
techniques,
been
clinics
treat
malignant
hematological
diseases
many
new
ACT‐based
regimens
are
different
stages
clinical
trials.
Here,
representative
approaches
introduced
opportunities
challenges
for
translation
discussed.
Abstract
Cancer
nanovaccines
represent
a
promising
frontier
in
cancer
immunotherapy,
utilizing
nanotechnology
to
augment
traditional
vaccine
efficacy.
This
review
comprehensively
examines
the
current
state‐of‐the‐art
nanovaccine
development,
elucidating
innovative
strategies
and
technologies
employed
their
design.
It
explores
both
preclinical
clinical
advancements,
emphasizing
key
studies
demonstrating
potential
elicit
robust
anti‐tumor
immune
responses.
The
study
encompasses
various
facets,
including
integrating
biomaterial‐based
nanocarriers
for
antigen
delivery,
adjuvant
selection,
impact
of
nanoscale
properties
on
performance.
Detailed
insights
into
complex
interplay
between
tumor
microenvironment
responses
are
provided,
highlighting
challenges
opportunities
optimizing
therapeutic
outcomes.
Additionally,
presents
thorough
analysis
ongoing
trials,
presenting
snapshot
landscape.
By
curating
latest
scientific
findings
developments,
this
aims
serve
as
comprehensive
resource
researchers
clinicians
engaged
advancing
immunotherapy.
Integrating
design
holds
immense
promise
revolutionizing
treatment
paradigms,
provides
timely
update
evolving
landscape
nanovaccines.
