Polarized Macrophages in Periodontitis: Characteristics, Function, and Molecular Signaling

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Дек. 7, 2021

Periodontitis (PD) is a common chronic infectious disease. The local inflammatory response in the host may cause destruction of supporting periodontal tissue. Macrophages play variety roles PD, including regulatory and phagocytosis. Moreover, under induction different factors, macrophages polarize form functional phenotypes. Among them, M1-type with proinflammatory functions M2-type anti-inflammatory are most representative, both them can regulate tendency immune system to exert or functions. M1 M2 involved destructive reparative stages PD. Due complex microenvironment dynamic development various mediators, increasing attention has been given study macrophage polarization This review summarizes role PD its research progress.

Язык: Английский

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Nrf2-mediated anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophages as therapeutic targets for osteoarthritis

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2022

Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells within synovial joints, and also main innate effector triggering initial inflammatory responses in pathological process of osteoarthritis (OA). The transition macrophages between pro-inflammatory anti-inflammatory phenotypes can play a key role building intra-articular microenvironment. cascade induced by TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 is closely related to M1 macrophages, resulting production pro-chondrolytic mediators. However, IL-10, IL1RA, CCL-18, IGF, TGF M2 leading protection cartilage promoted regeneration. inhibition NF-κB signaling pathway central OA treatment via controlling while nuclear factor erythroid 2-related 2 (Nrf2) appears not attract widespread attention field. Nrf2 transcription encoding large number antioxidant enzymes. activation have effects, which complex crosstalk with pathway. inhibit polarization promote through potential transductions including TGF-β/SMAD, TLR/NF-κB, JAK/STAT pathways, regulation or cooperation Notch, NLRP3, PI3K/Akt, MAPK signaling. And expression heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) negative for be mechanisms promotion. Furthermore, candidates activating phenotype reviewed this work, such as itaconate fumarate derivatives, curcumin, quercetin, melatonin, mesenchymal stem cells, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound.

Язык: Английский

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The role of macrophage subtypes and exosomes in immunomodulation

Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 27(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 3, 2022

Abstract Macrophages are influential members of the innate immune system that can be reversibly polarized by different microenvironment signals. Cell polarization leads to a wide range features, involving migration, development, and organization cells. There is mounting evidence macrophage plays key role in initiation development diseases. This study aims give an overview polarization, their subtypes, importance alternatively activated M2 classically M1 responses pathological conditions. review provides insight on exosomes M1/M2-like potential as promising therapeutic candidate.

Язык: Английский

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Advances in the Regulation of Macrophage Polarization by Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Implications for ALI/ARDS Treatment

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Июль 8, 2022

Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is a common condition with high mortality. ALI/ARDS caused by multiple etiologies, and the main clinical manifestations are progressive dyspnea intractable hypoxemia. Currently, supportive therapy treatment, there remains lack of targeted effective therapeutic strategies. Macrophages important components innate immunity. M1 macrophages pro-inflammatory, while M2 anti-inflammatory promote tissue repair. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) broad application prospects in regeneration due to their multi-directional differentiation potential along paracrine properties. MSCs can regulate balance M1/M2 macrophage polarization improve prognosis ALI/ARDS. In this paper, we review mechanisms which signaling pathways associated polarization. This expected provide new targets for treatment

Язык: Английский

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Irisin attenuates sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction by attenuating inflammation-induced pyroptosis through a mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase-dependent mechanism

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 152, С. 113199 - 113199

Опубликована: Май 30, 2022

Sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction is a leading cause of mortality in intensive care units. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying septic cardiomyopathy remain elusive. Irisin cleaved product fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) that protects heart from ischemia/reperfusion injury through upregulation mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase (MITOL). Gasdermin D (GSDMD)-dependent pyroptosis plays pivotal role by regulating homeostasis. whether irisin can regulate MITOL to inhibit GSDMD-dependent yet be investigated. Thus, this study was designed explore and its mechanisms. Our results demonstrate improves function against sepsis-induced reducing inflammation myocardial pyroptosis. Using siRNA vitro, revealed protective lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell mediated activation resulting inhibition Moreover, alleviated LPS-induced H9c2 suppressing IL-1β expression serum LDH CK-MB concentrations MITOL/GSDMD-dependent manner. Collectively, our data suggest treatment ameliorates activating inhibiting These findings highlight clinical relevance therapeutic potential for management dysfunction.

Язык: Английский

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Advances of exosomes in periodontitis treatment

Journal of Translational Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 20(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2022

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease initiated by dysbiosis of the local microbial community. can result in destruction tooth-supporting tissue; however, overactivation host immune response main reason for alveolar bone loss. Periodontal tissue cells, and even further activated osteoclasts neutrophils play pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory roles. Traditional therapies periodontitis are effective reducing quantities improving clinical symptoms periodontitis. However, these methods non-selective, it still challenging to achieve ideal treatment effect clinics using currently available treatments approaches. Exosomes have shown promising potential various preclinical studies, including diagnosis Exos be secreted almost all types containing specific substances cells: RNA, free fatty acids, proteins, surface receptors cytokines. act as systemic intercellular communication medium, significant roles biological functions, regulate physiological pathological processes numerous diseases. Exos-based strategies been reported obtain overcome drawbacks traditional therapies. This review focuses on accumulating evidence from last 5 years, indicating therapeutic studies Recent advances strategies, existing challenges, prospect summarized guidance improve effectiveness clinics.

Язык: Английский

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Biogenesis, Composition and Potential Therapeutic Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Exosomes in Various Diseases

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер Volume 18, С. 3177 - 3210

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2023

Abstract: Exosomes are nanovesicles with a wide range of chemical compositions used in many different applications. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSCs-EXOs) spherical vesicles that have been shown to mediate tissue regeneration variety diseases, including neurological, autoimmune and inflammatory, cancer, ischemic heart disease, lung injury, liver fibrosis. They can modulate the immune response by interacting effector cells due presence anti-inflammatory compounds involved intercellular communication through various types cargo. MSCs-EXOs exhibit cytokine storm-mitigating properties COVID-19. This review discussed potential function diseases notably epileptic encephalopathy Parkinson's angiogenesis, inflammatory diseases. We provided an overview exosome biogenesis factors regulate biogenesis. Additionally, we highlight functions use treatment disease Finally, covered strategies challenges MSCs-EXOs. discuss conclusion future perspectives Keywords: extracellular vesicle, biogenesis, mesenchymal cells, exosomes, angiogenesis

Язык: Английский

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Macrophage-driven cardiac inflammation and healing: insights from homeostasis and myocardial infarction

Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 28(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 19, 2023

Abstract Early and prompt reperfusion therapy has markedly improved the survival rates among patients enduring myocardial infarction (MI). Nonetheless, resulting adverse remodeling subsequent onset of heart failure remain formidable clinical management challenges represent a primary cause disability in MI worldwide. Macrophages play crucial role immune system regulation wield profound influence over inflammatory repair process following MI, thereby dictating degree injury pathological remodeling. Despite numerous previous biological studies that established classical polarization model for macrophages, classifying them as either M1 pro-inflammatory or M2 pro-reparative this simplistic categorization falls short meeting precision medicine standards, hindering translational advancement research. Recently, advances single-cell sequencing technology have facilitated more exploration macrophage heterogeneity plasticity, opening avenues development targeted interventions to address macrophage-related factors aftermath MI. In review, we provide summary origins, tissue distribution, classification, surface markers. Furthermore, delve into multifaceted roles macrophages maintaining cardiac homeostasis regulating inflammation during post-MI period.

Язык: Английский

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Advances in the study of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells and cardiac cells for the treatment of myocardial infarction

Cell Communication and Signaling, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 14, 2023

Acute myocardial infarction has long been the leading cause of death in coronary heart disease, which is characterized by irreversible cardiomyocyte and restricted blood supply. Conventional reperfusion therapy can further aggravate injury. Stem cell therapy, especially with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), emerged as a promising approach to promote cardiac repair improve function. MSCs may induce these effects secreting exosomes containing therapeutically active RNA, proteins lipids. Notably, normal function depends on intracardiac paracrine signaling via exosomes, secreted partially reflect changes during so analyzing vesicles provide valuable insights into pathology well guide development new treatments. The present review examines how produced influence injury after serve therapies against such Video Abstract.

Язык: Английский

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Nrf2 activation: a key mechanism in stem cell exosomes-mediated therapies

Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 29(1)

Опубликована: Март 2, 2024

Abstract Exosomes are nano-sized membrane extracellular vesicles which can be released from various types of cells. originating inflammatory or injured cells have detrimental effects on recipient cells, while exosomes derived stem not only facilitate the repair and regeneration damaged tissues but also inhibit inflammation provide protective against diseases, suggesting they may serve as an alternative strategy transplantation. a fundamental role in communication between through transfer proteins, bioactive lipids nucleic acids (like miRNAs mRNAs) This significantly impacts both physiological pathological functions Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related 2 (Nrf2), transcription factor, is able to mitigate damage caused by oxidative stress signaling pathways. The positive resulting activation Nrf2 pathway different disorders been documented literature. Studies confirmed that could act effective agonists. However, limited studies explored therapeutic cell-derived exosomes. review provides comprehensive overview existing knowledge concerning pathways impact exerted cell some common diseases. Graphical

Язык: Английский

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