The Evolution, Assembly, and Dynamics of Marine Holobionts

Annual Review of Marine Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16(1), С. 443 - 466

Опубликована: Авг. 8, 2023

The holobiont concept (i.e., multiple living beings in close symbiosis with one another and functioning as a unit) is revolutionizing our understanding of biology, especially marine systems. earliest was likely syntrophic partnership at least two prokaryotic members. Since then, has enabled organisms to conquer all ocean habitats through the formation holobionts wide spectrum complexities. However, most scientific inquiries have focused on isolated their adaptations specific environments. In this review, we attempt illustrate why perspective-specifically, study how numerous form discrete ecological unit symbiosis-will be more impactful strategy advance ecology evolution life. We argue that approach instrumental addressing threats biodiversity posed by current global environmental crisis.

Язык: Английский

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Multiple parallel origins of parasitic Marine Alveolates

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 3, 2023

Microbial eukaryotes are important components of marine ecosystems, and the Marine Alveolates (MALVs) consistently both abundant diverse in global environmental sequencing surveys. MALVs dinoflagellates that thought to be parasites other protists animals, but lack data beyond ribosomal RNA gene sequences from all a few described species means much their biology evolution remain unknown. Using single-cell transcriptomes several free-living relatives, we show evolved independently two distinct, ancestors parasitism parallel. Phylogenomics shows one subgroup (MALV-II -IV, or Syndiniales) is related novel lineage free-living, eukaryovorous predators, eleftherids, while (MALV-I, Ichthyodinida) predator Oxyrrhis retains proteins targeted non-photosynthetic plastid. Reconstructing photosynthesis, plastids, early-diverging number parallels with apicomplexan sisters. In groups, similar forms multiple times photosynthesis was lost many times. By contrast, complete loss plastid organelle infrequent and, when this does happen, leaves no residual genes.

Язык: Английский

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Chermesins I-N: Bioactive spiromeroterpenoids from the marine-sourced fungus Penicillium chermesinum AS-400

Phytochemistry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 233, С. 114380 - 114380

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Would global warming bring an increase of invertebrate-associated cutaneous invasive fungal infections?

mBio, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2025

ABSTRACT Invasive mold-associated cutaneous disease is a rare but potentially catastrophic consequence of trauma. However, invertebrate bites are not well recognized as mechanism for the inoculation fungi into subcutaneous tissue that can also result in severe infections. Invertebrates often carry with human pathogenic potential part their microbiome, and break skin, providing conduit them to penetrate tissues where establishment infection produce serious skin soft fungal diseases. In this essay, we review existing data bite-associated invasive infections (IBA-cIFIs) consider consequences global warming on epidemiology. Climate changes will be associated range invertebrates adaptation microbes warmer temperatures. Fungal higher temperatures defeat mammalian protective barrier both more different IBA-cIFIs.

Язык: Английский

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Fungi and Fungi-Like Entities

Coral reefs of the world, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 65 - 91

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

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Unveiling the hidden viromes across the animal tree of life: insights from a taxonomic classification pipeline applied to invertebrates of 31 metazoan phyla

mSystems, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(5)

Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2024

Invertebrates constitute the majority of animal species on Earth, including most disease-causing agents or vectors, with more diverse viromes when compared to vertebrates. Recent advancements in high-throughput sequencing have significantly expanded our understanding invertebrate viruses, yet this knowledge remains biased toward a few well-studied lineages. In study, we analyze DNA and RNA for 31 phyla using 417 publicly available RNA-Seq data sets from environments marine-terrestrial marine-freshwater gradients. This study aims (i) estimate virome compositions at family level first time across tree life, exploration several phyla, (ii) quantify diversity characterize structure invertebrate-virus infection networks, (iii) investigate host phylum habitat influence differences. Results showed that set viral families eukaryotes, comprising

Язык: Английский

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Chemical ecology of plankton parasitism in algae

Botanica Marina, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 67(3), С. 211 - 229

Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2024

Abstract Plankton parasites such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and unicellular eukaryotes are associated symbionts colonizing algal groups in aquatic ecosystems. They occur within a network of microbe–microbe interactions which they parasitize phytoplankton seaweeds, i.e., primary producers generating organic carbon forming the basis marine food webs. These use algae source nutrients reproduce at expense their host, causing infectious symptoms leading to disease death. can reduce populations, infection one specific species may, turn, favor development another, influencing seasonal succession blooms oceans, seas, lakes. Many have free-living stages that zooplankton graze upon, representing significant trophic link The biology life cycle plankton well investigated freshwater hosts. Still, chemical signaling mediating these microbial effect co-occurring remain underexplored. This review focuses on diversity infecting algae, with particular emphasis eukaryotes. ecological role parasites, mechanisms regulating cellular host resistance, interplay alga-parasite coexisting microorganisms discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the landscape of symbiotic diversity and distribution in unicellular ciliated protists

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Май 24, 2024

The eukaryotic-bacterial symbiotic system plays an important role in various physiological, developmental, and evolutionary processes. However, our current understanding is largely limited to multicellular eukaryotes without adequate consideration of diverse unicellular protists, including ciliates.

Язык: Английский

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A New Dawn for Protist Biogeography

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 33(12)

Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2024

ABSTRACT Aim Biogeographers have believed for a long time that the geographical distributions of protists are only determined by environmental conditions, because dispersal is not limited. During past two decades, field has come way to show historical and spatial factors also significantly contribute shaping protist distributions, calling reappraisal our understanding biogeography. Methods We review current state‐of‐the‐art on biogeography, highlighting several outstanding questions opportunities. Our brings together insights from different disciplines, ranging morphology‐based research environmental, population speciation genomics. Results Protist communities harbour cosmopolitan geographically restricted species shaped both local conditions processes, yet relative contributions these patterns processes likely differs depending geographic scale, lineage habitat being investigated. The ready move beyond decades‐long ubiquity versus (moderate) endemicity discourse instead ask why where specific clades more prone widespread or distributions. With advent next‐generation sequencing technologies, whole‐genome ancient DNA surveys, it now possible integrate multiple lines evidence investigate communities, populations at an unprecedented scale detail. Outlook To further advance field, community needs focus understudied habitats lineages, study impact traits biogeographical patterns, perform targeted experimental work disentangle underlie biogeographies expand develop databases with sequence, trait, distributional phylogenetic information protists. Given good boundaries central unravelling remains crucial invest in polyphasic taxonomic research.

Язык: Английский

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Recent progress in marine mycological research in different countries, and prospects for future developments worldwide

Botanica Marina, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 66(4), С. 239 - 269

Опубликована: Июнь 26, 2023

Abstract Early research on marine fungi was mostly descriptive, with an emphasis their diversity and taxonomy, especially of those collected at rocky shores seaweeds driftwood. Subsequently, further substrata (e.g. salt marsh grasses, animals, seagrasses, sea foam, seawater, sediment) habitats (coral reefs, deep-sea, hydrothermal vents, mangroves, sandy beaches, marshes) were explored for fungi. In parallel, areas have broadened from micro-morphology to ultrastructure, ecophysiology, molecular phylogenetics, biogeography, biodeterioration, biodegradation, bioprospecting, genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics metabolomics. Although only constitute a small fraction the global mycota, new species continue be described hosts/substrata unexplored locations/habitats, novel bioactive metabolites been discovered in last two decades, warranting greater collaborative effort. Marine Africa, Americas Australasia are under-explored, while Chytridiomycota allied taxa, associated functional roles sea, impacts climate change some topics needing more attention. this article, currently active mycologists different countries written history current state fungal individual highlighting strength subject, represents first step towards inter- transdisciplinary strategy.

Язык: Английский

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