Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 809, С. 24 - 32
Опубликована: Сен. 9, 2016
Язык: Английский
Annals of the ICRP, Год журнала: 2012, Номер 41(1-2), С. 1 - 322
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2012
This report provides a review of early and late effects radiation in normal tissues organs with respect to protection. It was instigated following recommendation Publication 103 (ICRP, 2007), it updated estimates ‘practical’ threshold doses for tissue injury defined at the level 1% incidence. Estimates are given morbidity mortality endpoints all organ systems acute, fractionated, or chronic exposure. The comprise haematopoietic, immune, reproductive, circulatory, respiratory, musculoskeletal, endocrine, nervous systems; digestive urinary tracts; skin; eye. Particular attention is paid circulatory disease cataracts because recent evidence higher incidences than expected after lower doses; hence, appear be previously considered. largely increasing times In context protection, very long follow-up that most relevant workers public; example, atomic bomb survivors 40–50 years follow-up. Radiotherapy data generally apply shorter competing causes death cancer patients, hence risks radiation-induced those earlier lower. A variety biological response modifiers have been used help reduce reactions many tissues. These include antioxidants, radical scavengers, inhibitors apoptosis, anti-inflammatory drugs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, growth factors, cytokines. cases, these give dose modification factors 1.1–1.2, few cases 1.5–2, indicating potential known exposure cases. contrast, there agents enhance responses, notably other cytotoxic such as antimetabolites, alkylating agents, anti-angiogenic antibiotics, well genetic comorbidity factors. Most show sparing effect fractionation, so total endpoint if fractionated rather when single dose. However, manifesting low doses, particularly disease, appears rate delivery does not modify implies levels caused by single-hit irreparable-type events. For two tissues, 0.5 Gy proposed herein practical purposes, irrespective delivery, future studies may elucidate this judgement further.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1402
Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Год журнала: 2009, Номер 44(4), С. 175 - 200
Опубликована: Июль 6, 2009
The discovery of melatonin and its derivatives as antioxidants has stimulated a very large number studies which have, virtually uniformly, documented the ability these molecules to detoxify harmful reactants reduce molecular damage. These observations have clear clinical implications given that numerous age-related diseases in humans an important free radical component. Moreover, major theory explain processes aging invokes radicals their causative agents. conditions, coupled with loss organisms age, suggest some aspects may be aggravated by diminished levels advanced age. Another corollary this is administration melatonin, uncommonly low toxicity profile, could theoretically defer progression possibly forestall signs aging. Certainly, research next decade will help define role determining successful While increasing life span not necessarily goal investigative efforts, improving health quality aged should aim research.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
472
Fertility and Sterility, Год журнала: 2008, Номер 92(1), С. 328 - 343
Опубликована: Сен. 19, 2008
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
419
Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 5(4), С. 167 - 167
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2017
Technological devices have become essential components of daily life. However, their deleterious effects on the body, particularly nervous system, are well known. Electromagnetic fields (EMF) various chemical effects, including causing deterioration in large molecules cells and imbalance ionic equilibrium. Despite being for life, oxygen can lead to generation hazardous by-products, known as reactive species (ROS), during biological reactions. These damage cellular such proteins, lipids DNA. Antioxidant defense systems exist order keep free radical formation under control prevent harmful system. Free take place ways, ultraviolet light, drugs, lipid oxidation, immunological reactions, radiation, stress, smoking, alcohol biochemical redox Oxidative stress occurs if antioxidant system is unable radicals. Several studies reported that exposure EMF results oxidative many tissues body. Exposure increase concentrations traceability affect couple recombination. The purpose this review was highlight impact systems. Abbreviations: EMF, electromagnetic fields; RF, radiofrequency; ROS, species; GSH, glutathione; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; GR, reductase; GST, S-transferase; CAT, catalase; SOD, superoxide dismutase; HSP, heat shock protein; EMF/RFR, frequency radiofrequency exposures; ELF-EMFs, extremely low frequency; MEL, melatonin; FA, folic acid; MDA, malondialdehyde.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
217
Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 51(23), С. 9759 - 9830
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022
Radiotherapy (RT), including external beam RT and internal radiation therapy, uses high-energy ionizing to kill tumor cells.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
72
International Journal of Radiation Biology, Год журнала: 2009, Номер 85(7), С. 539 - 573
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2009
Purpose: The search for ideal protective agents use in a variety of radiation scenarios has continued more than six decades. This review evaluates and procedures that have the potential to protect against acute late effects ionising when administered either before or after exposure.Conclusion: Over years, extensive experimental studies radiation-protective enhanced our knowledge physics, chemistry, biology. However, translation from animal testing various scenarios, such as prophylactic adjuncts radiotherapy post-exposure treatments victims accidents/incidents, been slow. Nevertheless, number compounds are now available situations. These include approved by U.S. Food Drug Administration reducing exposure internal radionuclides (Prussian blue, calcium diethylenetriamene pentaacetate (DTPA) zinc DTPA, potassium iodide) amifostine alleviating xerostomia associated with radiotherapy. Consensus groups also recommended other therapies granulocyte colony-stimulating factor radiation-induced neutropenia. therapeutic research pipeline includes those naturally-occurring low toxicity, provide long window protection, normal tissue while sensitising tumours, act via receptors modulate biological processes induction genes responsible radioresistance. injury will undoubtedly continue into future influence areas research.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
250
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 2016(1)
Опубликована: Ноя. 22, 2015
The role of the induction oxidative stress as mechanism action many antitumor drugs is acquiring an increasing interest. In such cases, therapy success may be conditioned by antioxidants present in our own body, which can synthesized de novo (endogenous) or incorporated through diet and nutritional supplements (exogenous). this paper, we have reviewed different aspects antioxidants, including their classification, natural sources, importance diet, consumption supplements, impact on health. Moreover, focused especially study interaction between therapy, considering both radiotherapy chemotherapy. regard, found that convenience administration during cancer treatment still remains a very controversial issue. general terms, could promote suppress effectiveness even protect healthy tissues against damage induced stress. effects depend factors discussed paper. These should taken into consideration order to achieve precise recommendations for patients. evidence at moment suggests supplementation restriction exogenous treatment, appropriate, contribute improving its efficiency.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
166
AJP Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Год журнала: 2011, Номер 301(4), С. L415 - L426
Опубликована: Июль 16, 2011
Molecular hydrogen (H(2)) is an efficient antioxidant that diffuses rapidly across cell membranes, reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl radicals and peroxynitrite, suppresses oxidative stress-induced injury in several organs. ROS have been implicated radiation-induced damage to lungs. Because prompt elimination of irradiation-induced should protect lung tissue from damaging effects irradiation, we investigated the possibility H(2) could serve a radioprotector lung. Cells human epithelial line A549 received 10 Gy irradiation with or without treatment via H(2)-rich PBS medium. We studied possible radioprotective by analyzing damage. Also, C57BL/6J female mice 15 thorax. Treatment groups inhaled 3% gas drank H(2)-enriched water. evaluated acute late-irradiation after treatment. reduced amount cells, shown electron spin resonance fluorescent indicator signals. also damage, measured levels stress apoptotic markers, improved viability. Within 1 wk whole thorax immunohistochemistry immunoblotting showed apoptosis, measures lungs mice. At 5 mo chest computed tomography, Ashcroft scores, type III collagen deposition demonstrated fibrosis (late damage). This study thus valuable for protection against no known toxicity.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
150
Journal of Radiation Research, Год журнала: 2010, Номер 51(4), С. 365 - 383
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2010
Superb biological effectiveness and dose conformity represent a rationale for heavy-ion therapy, which has thus far achieved good cancer controllability while sparing critical normal organs. Immediately after irradiation, heavy ions produce dense ionization along their trajectories, cause irreparable clustered DNA damage, alter cellular ultrastructure. These ions, as consequence, inactivate cells more effectively with less cell-cycle oxygen dependence than conventional photons. The modes of ion–induced cell death/inactivation include apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, premature senescence, accelerated differentiation, delayed reproductive death progeny cells, bystander death. This paper briefly reviews the current knowledge aspects emphasis on authors' recent findings. topics (i) repair mechanisms (ii) superior effects radioresistant tumor (intratumor quiescent population, TP53-mutated BCL2-overexpressing tumors), (iii) novel capacity in suppressing metastasis neoangiogenesis, (iv) potential to induce secondary (especially breast) cancer.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
130
Medicinal Research Reviews, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 36(3), С. 461 - 493
Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2016
Abstract Radioprotectors are agents required to protect biological system exposed radiation, either naturally or through radiation leakage, and they normal cells from injury in cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. It is imperative study radioprotectors their mechanism of action comprehensively, looking at potential therapeutic applications. This review intimately chronicles the rich intellectual, pharmacological story natural synthetic radioprotectors. A continuous effort going on by researchers develop clinically promising radioprotective agents. In this article, for first time we have discussed impact different signaling pathways cells, which will create a basis scientific community working area novel molecules with better efficacy. The bright future exceptionally noncytotoxic derivatives bisbenzimidazoles also described as radiomodulators. Amifostine, an effective radioprotectant, has been approved FDA limited clinical use. However, due its adverse side effects, it not routinely used clinically. Recently, CBLB502 several analog peptide under trial showed high success against radiotherapy cancer. article reviews types emphasis strategies development drug development. addition, direction relevant addressed.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
124