Gut microbiota are related to Parkinson's disease and clinical phenotype

Movement Disorders, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 30(3), С. 350 - 358

Опубликована: Дек. 5, 2014

In the course of Parkinson's disease (PD), enteric nervous system (ENS) and parasympathetic nerves are amongst structures earliest most frequently affected by alpha-synuclein pathology. Accordingly, gastrointestinal dysfunction, in particular constipation, is an important non-motor symptom PD often precedes onset motor symptoms years. Recent research has shown that intestinal microbiota interact with autonomic central via diverse pathways including ENS vagal nerve. The gut microbiome not been previously investigated. We compared fecal microbiomes 72 patients control subjects pyrosequencing V1-V3 regions bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Associations between clinical parameters were analyzed using generalized linear models, taking into account potential confounders. On average, abundance Prevotellaceae feces was reduced 77.6% as controls. Relative 6.5% or less had 86.1% sensitivity 38.9% specificity for PD. A logistic regression classifier based on four families severity constipation identified 66.7% 90.3% specificity. relative Enterobacteriaceae positively associated postural instability gait difficulty. These findings suggest altered related to phenotype. Further studies warranted elucidate temporal causal relationships suitability a biomarker.

Язык: Английский

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Interactions between the microbiota, immune and nervous systems in health and disease

Nature Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 20(2), С. 145 - 155

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2017

Язык: Английский

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High-level adherence to a Mediterranean diet beneficially impacts the gut microbiota and associated metabolome

Gut, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 65(11), С. 1812 - 1821

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2015

Objectives

Habitual diet plays a major role in shaping the composition of gut microbiota, and also determines repertoire microbial metabolites that can influence host. The typical Western corresponds to an omnivore; however, Mediterranean (MD), common culture, is date nutritionally recommended dietary pattern includes high-level consumption cereals, fruit, vegetables legumes. To investigate potential benefits MD this cross-sectional survey, we assessed microbiota metabolome cohort Italian individuals relation their habitual diets.

Design results

We retrieved daily information 153 habitually following omnivore, vegetarian or vegan majority subjects 30% omnivore had high adherence MD. were able stratify according both type on basis patterns associated microbiota. detected significant associations between vegetable-based diets increased levels faecal short-chain fatty acids, Prevotella some fibre-degrading Firmicutes, whose human warrants further research. Conversely, higher urinary trimethylamine oxide with lower

Conclusions

High-level plant foodstuffs consistent beneficial microbiome-related metabolomic profiles ostensibly consuming diet.

Trial registration number

This study was registered at clinical trials.gov as NCT02118857.

Язык: Английский

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The Central Nervous System and the Gut Microbiome

Cell, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 167(4), С. 915 - 932

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2016

Язык: Английский

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Prebiotics: Definition, Types, Sources, Mechanisms, and Clinical Applications

Foods, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 8(3), С. 92 - 92

Опубликована: Март 9, 2019

Prebiotics are a group of nutrients that degraded by gut microbiota. Their relationship with human overall health has been an area increasing interest in recent years. They can feed the intestinal microbiota, and their degradation products short-chain fatty acids released into blood circulation, consequently, affecting not only gastrointestinal tracts but also other distant organs. Fructo-oligosaccharides galacto-oligosaccharides two important groups prebiotics beneficial effects on health. Since low quantities fructo-oligosaccharides naturally exist foods, scientists attempting to produce industrial scale. Considering benefits safety, as well production storage advantages compared probiotics, they seem be fascinating candidates for promoting condition replacement or association probiotics. This review discusses different aspects prebiotics, including crucial role well-being.

Язык: Английский

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The Genus Alistipes: Gut Bacteria With Emerging Implications to Inflammation, Cancer, and Mental Health

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11

Опубликована: Июнь 9, 2020

Alistipes is a relatively new genus of bacteria isolated primarily from medical clinical samples, although at low rate compared to other members the Bacteroidetes phylum, which are highly relevant in dysbiosis and disease. According taxonomy database The National Center for Biotechnology Information, consists thirteen species: A. finegoldii, putredinis, onderdonkii, shahii, indistinctus, senegalensis, timonensis, obesi, ihumii, inops, megaguti, provencensis, massiliensis. Although typically human gut microbiome various species this have been patients suffering appendicitis, abdominal rectal abscess. It possible that as spp. emerge, their identification samples may be underrepresented novel MS-TOF methods not fully capable discriminate distinct separate since it will require upgrading databases. In terms pathogenicity, there contrasting evidence indicating protective effects against some diseases, including liver fibrosis, colitis, cancer immunotherapy, cardiovascular contrast, studies indicate pathogenic colorectal associated with mental signs depression. Gut seems play role determining compositional abundance feces (e.g., nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatic encephalopathy, fibrosis). Since recent sub-branch commonly chronic intestinal inflammation, narrative review illustrates emerging immunological mechanistic implications by correlate health.

Язык: Английский

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Microbiota Transfer Therapy alters gut ecosystem and improves gastrointestinal and autism symptoms: an open-label study

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 5(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2017

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex neurobiological that impair social interactions and communication lead to restricted, repetitive, stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, activities. The causes these remain poorly understood, but gut microbiota, the 1013 bacteria in human intestines, have been implicated because children with ASD often suffer gastrointestinal (GI) problems correlate severity. Several previous studies reported abnormal ASD. microbiome-ASD connection has tested a mouse model ASD, where microbiome was mechanistically linked metabolites behavior. Similarly, study found oral non-absorbable antibiotic treatment improved GI symptoms, albeit temporarily. Here, small open-label clinical trial evaluated impact Microbiota Transfer Therapy (MTT) on microbiota composition symptoms 18 ASD-diagnosed children.MTT involved 2-week treatment, bowel cleanse, then an extended fecal transplant (FMT) using high initial dose followed by daily lower maintenance doses for 7-8 weeks. Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale revealed approximately 80% reduction at end including significant improvements constipation, diarrhea, indigestion, abdominal pain. Improvements persisted 8 weeks after treatment. assessments showed behavioral significantly remained ended. Bacterial phagedeep sequencing analyses successful partial engraftment donor beneficial changes environment. Specifically, overall bacterial diversity abundance Bifidobacterium, Prevotella, Desulfovibrio among other taxa increased following MTT, stopped (followed weeks).This exploratory, extended-duration protocol thus appears be promising approach alter virome improve all least ended, suggesting long-term impact.This registered ClinicalTrials.gov, registration number NCT02504554.

Язык: Английский

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How informative is the mouse for human gut microbiota research?

Disease Models & Mechanisms, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 8(1), С. 1 - 16

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2015

The microbiota of the human gut is gaining broad attention owing to its association with a wide range diseases, ranging from metabolic disorders (e.g. obesity and type 2 diabetes) autoimmune diseases (such as inflammatory bowel disease 1 diabetes), cancer even neurodevelopmental autism). Having been increasingly used in biomedical research, mice have become model choice for most studies this emerging field. Mouse models allow perturbations be studied controlled experimental setup, thus help assessing causality complex host-microbiota interactions developing mechanistic hypotheses. However, pitfalls should considered when translating microbiome research results mouse humans. In Special Article, we discuss intrinsic similarities differences that exist between two systems, compare murine core based on meta-analysis currently available datasets. Finally, external factors influence capability recapitulate shifts associated investigate which alternative systems research.

Язык: Английский

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Alterations of the human gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2016

Abstract The gut microbiome plays an important role in immune function and has been implicated several autoimmune disorders. Here we use 16S rRNA sequencing to investigate the subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS, n =60) healthy controls ( =43). Microbiome alterations MS include increases Methanobrevibacter Akkermansia decreases Butyricimonas , correlate variations expression of genes involved dendritic cell maturation, interferon signalling NF-kB pathways circulating T cells monocytes. Patients on disease-modifying treatment show increased abundances Prevotella Sutterella decreased Sarcina compared untreated patients. patients a second cohort elevated breath methane controls, consistent our observation first cohort. Further study is required assess whether observed play in, or are consequence of, pathogenesis.

Язык: Английский

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Human Gut Microbiota from Autism Spectrum Disorder Promote Behavioral Symptoms in Mice

Cell, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 177(6), С. 1600 - 1618.e17

Опубликована: Май 1, 2019

Язык: Английский

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