Frontiers in Microbiology,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
11
Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2020
The
ability
of
fungi
to
sense
environmental
stressors
and
appropriately
respond
is
linked
secretory
system
functions.
dermatophyte
infection
process
depends
on
an
orchestrated
signaling
regulation
that
triggers
the
transcription
genes
responsible
for
adherence
penetration
pathogen
into
host-tissue.
A
high
secretion
activated
support
host-pathogen
interaction
assures
maintenance
infection.
gateway
machinery
endoplasmic
reticulum
(ER),
which
primary
site
protein
folding
transport.
Current
studies
have
shown
ER
stress
affects
adaptive
responses
primarily
regulated
by
UPR
supports
fungal
pathogenicity;
this
has
been
assessed
yeasts
Aspergillus
fumigatus,
in
regard
how
these
cope
with
host
stressors.
Fungal
consists
a
transmembrane
kinase
sensor
(Ire1/IreA)
downstream
target
Hac1/HacA.
active
form
Hac
achieved
via
non-spliceosomal
intron
removal
promoted
endonuclease
activity
Ire1/IreA.
Here,
we
features
HacA
its
involvement
virulence
susceptibility
Trichophyton
rubrum.
Our
results
showed
exposure
antifungals
ER-stressing
agents
initiated
activation
from
T.
Interestingly,
occurs
when
20
nt
fragment
removed
part
exon-2
intron-2,
turn
promotes
arisen
DNA
binding
motif
dimer
interface
domain.
Further,
found
changes
cell
wall
cellular
membrane
composition
ΔhacA
mutant
as
well
increase
toward
azole
disturbing
agents.
Moreover,
presented
significant
defects
important
traits
like
thermotolerance
growth
keratin
substrates.
For
instance,
development
was
impaired
co-culture
keratinocytes
or
human
nail
fragments.
Changes
pro-inflammatory
cytokine
release
were
verified
during
assay,
might
be
related
differences
pathogen-associated
molecular
patterns
(PAMPs)
wall.
Together,
suggested
integral
rubrum
physiology
virulence,
implying
it
antidermatophytic
therapy.
Clinical Microbiology Reviews,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
33(1)
Опубликована: Ноя. 12, 2019
Aspergillus
fumigatus
is
a
saprotrophic
fungus;
its
primary
habitat
the
soil.
In
ecological
niche,
fungus
has
learned
how
to
adapt
and
proliferate
in
hostile
environments.
This
capacity
helped
resist
survive
against
human
host
defenses
and,
further,
be
responsible
for
one
of
most
devastating
lung
infections
terms
morbidity
mortality.
Frontiers in Plant Science,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
13
Опубликована: Дек. 12, 2022
The
global
environment
is
dominated
by
various
small
exotic
substances,
known
as
secondary
metabolites,
produced
plants
and
microorganisms.
Plants
fungi
are
particularly
plentiful
sources
of
these
molecules,
whose
physiological
functions,
in
many
cases,
remain
a
mystery.
Fungal
metabolites
(SM)
diverse
group
substances
that
exhibit
wide
range
chemical
properties
generally
fall
into
one
four
main
family
groups:
Terpenoids,
polyketides,
non-ribosomal
peptides,
or
combination
the
latter
two.
They
incredibly
varied
their
functions
often
related
to
increased
fitness
respective
fungus
its
environment,
competing
with
other
microbes
interacting
plant
species.
Several
have
essential
roles
biological
control
diseases
beneficial
microorganisms
used
for
crop
protection
biofertilization
worldwide.
Besides
direct
toxic
effects
against
phytopathogens,
natural
can
promote
root
shoot
development
and/or
disease
resistance
activating
host
systemic
defenses.
ability
synthesize
store
biologically
active
potent
source
novel
compounds
agriculture
becoming
top
priority
SM
research.
In
this
review,
we
will
discuss
fungal-plant
antifungal
role
signaling
molecules
induced
acquired
activities.
Additionally,
fungal
mimic
promotion
such
auxins,
gibberellins,
abscisic
acid,
which
modulate
growth
under
biotic
stress.
Moreover,
present
new
trend
regarding
phytoremediation
applications
using
achieve
sustainable
food
production
microbial
diversity
an
eco-friendly
environment.
Journal of Fungi,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
9(2), С. 184 - 184
Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2023
Botryosphaeriales
(Dothideomycetes,
Ascomycota)
occur
in
a
wide
range
of
habitats
as
endophytes,
saprobes,
and
pathogens.
The
order
has
not
been
subjected
to
evaluation
since
2019
by
Phillips
co-authors
using
phylogenetic
evolutionary
analyses.
Subsequently,
many
studies
introduced
novel
taxa
into
the
revised
several
families
separately.
In
addition,
no
ancestral
character
have
conducted
for
this
order.
Therefore,
study,
we
re-evaluated
evolution
taxonomic
placements
species
based
on
evolution,
divergence
time
estimation,
relationships,
including
all
that
so
far.
Maximum
likelihood,
maximum
parsimony,
Bayesian
inference
analyses
were
combined
LSU
ITS
sequence
alignment.
Ancestral
state
reconstruction
was
carried
out
conidial
colour,
septation,
nutritional
mode.
Divergence
times
estimates
revealed
originated
around
109
Mya
early
epoch
Cretaceous
period.
All
six
evolved
late
period
(66–100
Mya),
during
which
Angiosperms
also
appeared,
rapidly
diversified
became
dominant
land.
Families
Paleogene
Neogene
periods
Cenozoic
era.
comprises
Aplosporellaceae,
Botryosphaeriaceae,
Melanopsaceae,
Phyllostictaceae,
Planistromellaceae
Saccharataceae.
Furthermore,
current
study
assessed
two
hypotheses;
first
one
being
“All
endophytes
then
switched
saprobes
when
their
hosts
died
or
pathogens
under
stress”;
second
hypothesis
states
“There
is
link
between
colour
mode
botryosphaerialean
taxa”.
pathogenic/saprobic
character.
However,
could
provide
strong
evidence
mainly
due
significantly
low
number
reporting
endophytic
taxa.
Results
showed
hyaline
aseptate
conidia
characters
supported
relationship
pigmentation
pathogenicity
species.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
66(32), С. 8530 - 8536
Опубликована: Июль 25, 2018
Aspergillus
flavus
is
a
notorious
foodborne
fungus,
posing
significant
risk
to
humans
in
the
form
of
hepatocellular
carcinoma
or
aspergillosis.
Thymol,
as
food
preservative,
could
efficiently
kill
conidia
A.
flavus.
However,
underlying
mechanisms
by
which
thymol
kills
are
not
completely
understood.
With
specific
fluorescent
dyes,
we
detected
several
apoptotic
hallmarks,
including
chromatin
condensation,
phosphatidylserine
externalization,
DNA
damage,
mitochondrial
depolarization,
and
caspase
9
activation
exposed
200
μg/mL
thymol,
indicating
that
induced
caspase-dependent
conidial
apoptosis
Chemical–protein
interactome
(CPI)
autodock
analyses
showed
KCNAB,
homologue
β-subunit
voltage-gated
potassium
channel
(Kv)
aldo-keto
reductase,
was
potential
target
thymol.
Following
studies
demonstrated
activate
reductase
activity
KCNAB
vitro
stimulate
transient
K+
efflux
conidia,
determined
using
Port-a-Patch.
Blocking
eruption
4-aminopyridine
(a
universal
inhibitor
Kv)
significantly
alleviate
thymol-mediated
apoptosis,
Kv
responsible
for
apoptosis.
Taken
together,
our
results
revealed
efflux-mediated
pathway
flavus,
greatly
contributed
development
an
alternative
strategy
control
this
pathogen.
Environmental Microbiology,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
22(3), С. 986 - 999
Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2019
Summary
Fungi
colonize
habitats
by
means
of
spores.
These
cells
are
stress‐resistant
compared
with
growing
fungal
cells.
Fungal
conidia,
asexual
spores,
formed
cosmopolitan
genera
like
Penicillium
,
Aspergillus
and
Peacilomyces
dispersed
air.
They
present
in
places
where
food
products
stored
as
a
result,
they
cause
spoilage.
Here,
we
determined
the
heterogeneity
heat
resistance
conidia
between
within
strains
Paecilomyces
variotii
spoiler
foods
such
margarine,
fruit
juices,
canned
fruits
non‐carbonized
sodas.
Out
108
strains,
31
isolates
showed
conidial
survival
>10%
after
10‐min‐heat
treatment
at
59°C.
Three
different
were
selected
for
further
phenotyping.
Conidia
DTO
212‐C5
032‐I3
0.3%
2.6%
screening
respectively,
while
217‐A2
was
>10%.
The
decimal
reduction
times
these
60°C
(
D
60
value)
3.7
±
0.08,
5.5
0.35
22.9
2.00
min
respectively.
Further
in‐depth
analysis
revealed
that
three
differences
morphology,
spore
size
distributions,
compatible
solute
compositions
growth
under
salt
stress.
most
heat‐resistant
reported
so
far.
ecological
consequences
this
resistance,
including
spoilage,
discussed.