Pharmaceutics,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
17(2), С. 249 - 249
Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2025
Gels
constitute
a
versatile
class
of
materials
with
considerable
potential
for
applications
in
both
technical
and
medical
domains.
Physicochemical
property
characterization
is
critical
evaluation
method
gels.
Common
techniques
include
pH
measurement,
structural
analysis,
mechanical
assessment,
rheological
phase
transition
studies,
among
others.
While
numerous
research
articles
report
results,
few
reviews
comprehensively
summarize
the
appropriate
numerical
ranges
these
properties.
This
lack
standardization
complicates
harmonized
methods
hinders
direct
comparisons
between
different
To
address
this
gap,
it
essential
to
systematically
investigate
analyze
data
from
extensive
body
literature
on
In
review,
we
provide
comprehensive
summary
general
present
detailed
analysis
gel
support
future
promote
standardized
protocols.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
6(1)
Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2021
Hydrogel
is
a
type
of
versatile
platform
with
various
biomedical
applications
after
rational
structure
and
functional
design
that
leverages
on
material
engineering
to
modulate
its
physicochemical
properties
(e.g.,
stiffness,
pore
size,
viscoelasticity,
microarchitecture,
degradability,
ligand
presentation,
stimulus-responsive
properties,
etc.)
influence
cell
signaling
cascades
fate.
In
the
past
few
decades,
plethora
pioneering
studies
have
been
implemented
explore
cell-hydrogel
matrix
interactions
figure
out
underlying
mechanisms,
paving
way
lab-to-clinic
translation
hydrogel-based
therapies.
this
review,
we
first
introduced
hydrogels
their
fabrication
approaches
concisely.
Subsequently,
comprehensive
description
deep
discussion
were
elucidated,
wherein
influences
different
behaviors
cellular
events
highlighted.
These
or
included
integrin
clustering,
focal
adhesion
(FA)
complex
accumulation
activation,
cytoskeleton
rearrangement,
protein
cyto-nuclei
shuttling
activation
Yes-associated
(YAP),
catenin,
etc.),
compartment
reorganization,
gene
expression,
further
biology
modulation
spreading,
migration,
proliferation,
lineage
commitment,
etc.).
Based
them,
current
in
vitro
vivo
hydrogel
mainly
covered
diseases
models,
delivery
protocols
for
tissue
regeneration
disease
therapy,
smart
drug
carrier,
bioimaging,
biosensor,
conductive
wearable/implantable
biodevices,
etc.
summarized
discussed.
More
significantly,
clinical
potential
trials
presented,
accompanied
which
remaining
challenges
future
perspectives
field
emphasized.
Collectively,
insights
review
will
shed
light
principles
new
understand
processes,
are
available
providing
significant
indications
serving
broad
range
applications.
Pharmaceutics,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
14(3), С. 533 - 533
Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2022
Due
to
complicated
anatomical
and
physical
properties,
targeted
drug
delivery
ocular
tissues
continues
be
a
key
challenge
for
formulation
scientists.
Various
attempts
are
currently
being
made
improve
the
in
vivo
performance
of
therapeutic
molecules
by
encapsulating
them
various
nanocarrier
systems
or
devices
administering
via
invasive/non-invasive
minimally
invasive
administration
methods.
Biocompatible
biodegradable
lipid
nanoparticles
have
emerged
as
potential
alternative
conventional
overcome
barriers.
Lipid-based
led
major
technological
advancements
advantages
during
last
few
decades
therapy,
such
high
precorneal
residence
time,
sustained
release
profile,
minimum
dosing
frequency,
decreased
toxicity,
site
delivery,
and,
therefore,
an
improvement
bioavailability.
In
addition,
formulations
can
given
fine
dispersion
patient-friendly
droppable
preparation
without
causing
blurred
vision
sensitivity
reactions.
The
unique
nanoparticles,
namely,
solid
nanostructured
carriers,
nanoemulsions,
liposomes
intraocular
drugs
extensively
discussed.
Ongoing
completed
clinical
trials
liposome-based
characterization
techniques
designed
nanoemulsion
tabulated.
This
review
also
describes
diverse
nanoparticle
methods,
procedures,
advantages,
limitations.
Functionalization
approaches
drawbacks
well
exploration
new
functional
additives
with
penetration
macromolecular
pharmaceuticals,
would
quickly
progress
challenging
field
systems.
Pharmaceutics,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
13(4), С. 523 - 523
Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2021
Solid
lipid
nanoparticles
(SLNs)
are
being
extensively
exploited
as
topical
ocular
carrier
systems
to
enhance
the
bioavailability
of
drugs.
This
study
investigated
prospects
drug-loaded
SLNs
increase
permeation
and
improve
therapeutic
potential
clarithromycin
in
therapy.
were
formulated
by
high-speed
stirring
ultra-sonication
method.
Solubility
studies
carried
out
select
stearic
acid
former,
Tween
80
surfactant,
Transcutol
P
cosurfactant.
Clarithromycin-loaded
SLN
optimized
fractional
factorial
screening
32
full
designs.
Optimized
(CL10)
evaluated
for
stability,
morphology,
permeation,
irritation,
pharmacokinetics
rabbits.
Fractional
design
signifies
that
sonication
time
amount
affect
formulation.
A
established
both
factors
had
significant
influences
on
particle
size,
percent
entrapment
efficiency,
drug
loading
SLNs.
The
release
profile
(CL9)
showed
~80%
8
h
followed
Weibull
model
kinetics.
significantly
higher
(30.45
μg/cm2/h;
p
<
0.0001)
compared
control
(solution).
CL10
spherical
shape
good
stability
was
found
non-irritant
administration.
Pharmacokinetics
data
demonstrated
improvement
(p
from
CL10,
evidenced
a
150%
Cmax
(~1066
ng/mL)
2.8-fold
AUC
(5736
ng
h/mL)
solution
(Cmax;
655
ng/mL
AUC;
2067
h/mL).
In
summary,
observed
here
demonstrate
developed
clarithromycin,
hence
could
be
viable
delivery
approach
treat
endophthalmitis.
In
this
study,
moxifloxacin
(MX)-loaded
bilosome
(BS)
in
situ
gel
was
prepared
to
improve
ocular
residence
time.
MX-BSs
were
using
the
thin-film
hydration
method.
They
optimized
a
Box−Behnken
design
(BBD)
with
bile
salt
(A,
sodium
deoxycholate),
an
edge
activator
(B,
Cremophor
EL),
and
surfactant
(C,
Span
60)
as
process
variables.
Their
effects
assessed
based
on
hydrodynamic
diameter
(Y1),
entrapment
efficacy
(Y2),
polydispersity
index
(Y3).
The
formulation
(MX-BSop)
depicted
low
(192
±
4
nm)
high
efficiency
(76
1%).
Further,
MX-BSop
successfully
transformed
into
chitosan
alginate
carriers.
(MX-BSop-Ig4)
further
evaluated
for
gelling
capacity,
clarity,
pH,
viscosity,
vitro
release,
bio-adhesiveness,
ex
vivo
permeation,
toxicity,
antimicrobial
properties.
MX-BSop-Ig4
exhibited
optimum
viscosity
of
65.4
5.3
cps
sol
287.5
10.5
states.
sustained
release
profile
(82
4%
24
h)
achieved
Korsmeyer−Peppas
kinetic
model
(R2
=
0.9466).
Significant
bio-adhesion
(967.9
dyne/cm2)
tear
film.
It
also
1.2-fold
2.8-fold
higher
permeation
than
MX-Ig
pure
MX
solution,
respectively.
did
not
show
any
toxicity
tested
tissue,
confirmed
by
corneal
(77.3%),
cornea
histopathology
(no
internal
changes),
HET-CAM
test
(zero
score).
significantly
(p
<
0.05)
effect
against
Staphylococcus
aureus
Escherichia
coli.
findings
suggest
that
is
good
alternative
increase
time,
well
therapeutic
activity.
The
clinical
efficacy
of
antiretroviral
therapy
in
NeuroAIDS
is
primarily
limited
by
the
low
perfusion
drug
to
brain.
objective
current
investigation
was
design
and
develop
an
situ
mucoadhesive
gel
loaded
with
darunavir
assess
feasibility
brain
targeting
through
intranasal
route.
Preliminary
batches
(F1−F9)
were
prepared
evaluated
for
various
pharmaceutical
characteristics.
A
full
factorial
experiment
applied
optimize
effect
two
influencing
variables
(Carbopol
934P
(X1)
Poloxamer
407
(X2))
on
response
effects
(gelation
temperature
(Y1)
%
release
(Y2)
at
8
h).
data
demonstrate
that
both
affect
significantly
(p
<
0.05).
optimized
formulation
(F7)
exhibited
favorable
rheological
properties,
adequate
mucoadhesion,
sustained
release,
greater
permeation
across
nasal
mucosa.
An
vitro
ciliotoxicity
study
confirms
nontoxicity
(D7)
vivo
pharmacokinetic
rats
performed
following
application
selected
(D7).
Significantly
higher
0.0001)
Cmax
(~4-fold)
AUC0-α
(~3.5-fold)
values
noticed
after
application,
as
compared
intravenous
However,
less
systemic
exposure
therapy,
which
absorption
into
central
compartment.
Overall,
here
effective
route
could
be
a
viable
option
treatment
NeuroAIDS.
Journal of Biomaterials Science Polymer Edition,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
32(13), С. 1678 - 1702
Опубликована: Май 20, 2021
To
overcome
problems
associated
with
topical
delivery
of
tacrolimus
(TCS),
a
thermoresponsive
in
situ
gel
system
containing
pluronic
F127
(PL),
and
chitosan
(CS)
was
developed,
to
enhance
the
precorneal
retention,
sustain
release
drug.
The
PL-CS
optimized
using
2-factor-3-level
central
composite
experimental
design
by
selecting
concentration
PL
CS
as
independent
variables
while
gelation
time,
temperature,
spreadability
dependent
variables.
formulation
developed
22.5
g
0.3
CS,
gels
at
33.6
°C,
22.93
s,
showed
6.2
cm.
In
vitro
studies
conducted
for
revealed
sustained
TCS
(81.73%
4
h)
improved
corneal
permeation
(74.13%
h),
compared
solution.
mechanism
followed
Higuchi
model
Fickian
diffusion
transport.
Further,
histopathology
HET-CAM
that
non-irritating
safe
ocular
administration.
The
most
common
route
of
administration
ophthalmic
drugs
is
the
topical
because
it
convenient,
non-invasive,
and
accessible
to
all
patients.
Unfortunately,
administered
topically
are
not
able
reach
effective
concentrations.
Moreover,
their
bioavailability
must
be
improved
decrease
frequency
administrations
side
effects,
increase
therapeutic
efficiency.
For
this
purpose,
in
recent
decades,
particular
attention
has
been
given
possibility
developing
prolonged-release
forms
that
precorneal
residence
time
loss
drug
due
tearing.
Among
these
forms,
gel-based
materials
have
studied
as
an
ideal
delivery
system
they
extremely
versatile
class
with
numerous
prospective
applications
ophthalmology.
These
used
gel
eye
drops,
situ
gelling
formulations,
intravitreal
injections,
contact
lenses.
This
review
intended
describe
main