Hospitalizations of Children and Adolescents with Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 — COVID-NET, 14 States, July 2021–January 2022

MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 71(7), С. 271 - 278

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2022

The first U.S. case of COVID-19 attributed to the Omicron variant SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) was reported on December 1, 2021 (1), and by week ending 25, 2021, predominant circulating in United States.* Although COVID-19-associated hospitalizations are more frequent among adults,† can lead severe outcomes children adolescents (2). This report analyzes data from Coronavirus Disease 19-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET)§ describe (aged 0-11 years) 12-17 during periods Delta (July 1-December 18, 2021) (December 19, 2021-January 22, 2022) predominance. During Delta- Omicron-predominant periods, rates weekly per 100,000 peaked weeks September 11, January 8, 2022, respectively. peak (7.1 100,000) four times (1.8), with largest increase observed aged 0-4 years.¶ monthly hospitalization rate unvaccinated years (23.5) six fully vaccinated (3.8). Strategies prevent adolescents, including vaccination eligible persons, critical.*.

Язык: Английский

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Insights for COVID-19 in 2023

Revista Española de Quimioterapia, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 36(2), С. 114 - 124

Опубликована: Дек. 12, 2022

Predictions for a near end of the pandemic by World Health Organization should be interpreted with caution. Current evidence indicates that efficacy fourth dose classical mRNA vaccines (BT162b2 or mRNA-1273) is low and short-lived in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection its predominant variant (Omicron). However, high against severe symptomatic infection, hospitalization death. The new being introduced are bivalent active Omicron variants. Potential to coming year include vaccine based on recombinant protein emulates receptor binding domain Spike under development Spanish company Hipra, as well nasal oral administration. Available information suggests COVID-19 can administered association influenza vaccination without particular complications. New drugs COVID-19, both antiviral anti-inflammatory, investigation, but this does not seem case monoclonal antibodies. indication use masks some circumstances will maintained next view accumulation scientific data their efficacy. Finally, long COVID Post-COVID syndrome may continue affect very proportion patients who have had disease, requiring combined diagnostic therapeutic resources.

Язык: Английский

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Sleep Deprivation and Insomnia in Adolescence: Implications for Mental Health

Brain Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(4), С. 569 - 569

Опубликована: Март 28, 2023

Sleep changes significantly throughout the human lifespan. Physiological modifications in sleep regulation, common with many mammals (especially circadian rhythms), predispose adolescents to loss until early adulthood. Adolescents are one-sixth of all beings and at high risk for mental diseases (particularly mood disorders) self-injury. This has been attributed incredible number occurring a limited time window that encompasses rapid biological psychosocial modifications, which teens at-risk behaviors. Adolescents’ patterns have investigated as biunivocal cause potential damaging conditions, insufficient may be both consequence health problems. The recent COVID-19 pandemic particular made detrimental contribution adolescents’ quality. In this review, we aim summarize knowledge field explore implications (and future adults’) physical health, well outline strategies prevention.

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19 and Respiratory Virus Co-Infections: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Viruses, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(4), С. 865 - 865

Опубликована: Март 28, 2023

Τhe COVID-19 pandemic highly impacted the circulation, seasonality, and morbidity burden of several respiratory viruses. We reviewed published cases SARS-CoV-2 virus co-infections as 12 April 2022. influenza were reported almost exclusively during first wave. It is possible that overall incidence higher because paucity co-testing for viruses waves when mild might have been missed. Animal models indicate severe lung pathology high fatality; nevertheless, available literature largely inconclusive regarding clinical course prognosis co-infected patients. also importance considering sequence timing each infection; however, there no such information in human cases. Given differences between 2020 2023 terms epidemiology availability vaccines specific treatment against COVID-19, it rational not to extrapolate these early findings present times. expected characteristics will evolve upcoming seasons. Multiplex real-time PCR-based assays developed past two years should be used increase diagnostic infection control capacity, surveillance purposes. share same high-risk groups, essential latter get vaccinated both Further studies are needed elucidate how shaped years, impact prognosis.

Язык: Английский

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Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 in Children

PEDIATRICS, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 153(3)

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2024

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant medical, social, and economic impacts globally, both in the short long term. Although most individuals recover within a few days or weeks from an acute infection, some experience longer lasting effects. Data regarding postacute sequelae of severe respiratory syndrome 2 infection (PASC) children, COVID, are only just emerging literature. These symptoms conditions may reflect persistent (eg, cough, headaches, fatigue, loss taste smell), new like dizziness, exacerbation underlying conditions. Children develop de novo, including postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue autoimmune multisystem inflammatory children. This state-of-the-art narrative review provides summary our current knowledge about PASC prevalence, epidemiology, risk factors, clinical characteristics, mechanisms, functional outcomes, as well conceptual framework for based on National Institutes Health definition. We highlight pediatric components Health-funded Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery Initiative, which seeks characterize natural history, long-term health effects children young adults inform future treatment prevention efforts. initiatives include electronic record cohorts, offer rapid assessments at scale with geographical demographic diversity, longitudinal prospective observational estimate burden, illness trajectory, pathobiology, manifestations outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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Impact of COVID-19 on the Changing Patterns of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections

Infectious Disease Reports, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(4), С. 558 - 568

Опубликована: Июль 24, 2022

Seasonal epidemics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one the leading causes hospitalization and mortality among children. Preventive measures implemented to reduce spread SARS-CoV-2, including facemasks, stay-at-home orders, closure schools local-national borders, hand hygiene, may have also prevented transmission RSV influenza. However, with easing COVID-19 imposed restrictions, many regions are noticing a delayed outbreak. Some these noted an increase in severity outbreaks partly due lack protective immunity community following exposure from previous season. Lessons learned pandemic can be for controlling outbreaks, including: (1) spread, (2) effective vaccine development, (3) genomic surveillance tools computational modeling predict timing outbreaks. These help prepare health care system deal future by appropriate timely allocation resources.

Язык: Английский

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Risk Factors for Pediatric Critical COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(7), С. 352 - 362

Опубликована: Май 22, 2024

Abstract Background Risk stratification is a cornerstone of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society COVID-19 treatment guidance. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to define clinical characteristics comorbidities associated with critical in children adolescents. Methods Two independent reviewers screened literature (Medline EMBASE) for studies published through August 31, 2023, that reported outcome data on patients aged ≤21 years COVID-19. Critical disease was defined as an invasive mechanical ventilation requirement, intensive care unit admission, or death. Random-effects models were used estimate pooled odds ratios (OR) 95% confidence intervals (CI), heterogeneity explored subgroup analyses. Results Among 10,178 articles, 136 met inclusion criteria review. Data from 70 studies, which collectively examined 172,165 adolescents COVID-19, meta-analysis. In previously healthy children, absolute risk 4% (95% CI, 1%–10%). Compared no comorbidities, OR 3.95 2.78–5.63) presence one comorbidity 9.51 5.62–16.06) ≥2 comorbidities. Key factors included cardiovascular neurological disorders, chronic pulmonary conditions (excluding asthma), diabetes, obesity, immunocompromise, all statistically significant ORs > 2.00. Conclusions While without underlying health relatively low, more markedly increased risk. These findings support importance tailoring pediatric management.

Язык: Английский

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Comparison of Influenza and Coronavirus Disease 2019–Associated Hospitalizations Among Children Younger Than 18 Years Old in the United States: FluSurv-NET (October–April 2017–2021) and COVID-NET (October 2020–September 2021)

Clinical Infectious Diseases, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 76(3), С. e450 - e459

Опубликована: Май 20, 2022

Abstract Background Influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 are significant causes of respiratory illness in children. Methods Influenza- COVID-19–associated hospitalizations among children <18 years old were analyzed from FluSurv-NET COVID-NET, 2 population-based surveillance systems with similar catchment areas methodology. The annual hospitalization rate per 100 000 during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic (1 October 2020–30 September 2021) was compared influenza-associated rates 2017–2018 through 2019–2020 influenza seasons. In-hospital outcomes, including intensive care unit (ICU) admission death, compared. Results Among years, (48.2) higher than rates: (33.5), 2018–2019 (33.8), (41.7). adolescents 12–17 (COVID-19: 59.9; range: 12.2–14.1), but or lower 5–11 25.0; 24.3–31.7) 0–4 66.8; 70.9–91.5) old. a proportion required ICU (26.4% vs 21.6%; P < .01). Pediatric deaths uncommon both COVID-19– (0.7% 0.5%; = .28). Conclusions In setting extensive mitigation measures pandemic, 2020–2021 <12 3 seasons before pandemic. adds substantially to existing burden pediatric severe outcomes caused by other viruses.

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19 Vaccine Provider Access and Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 5–11 Years — United States, November 2021–January 2022

MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 71(10), С. 378 - 383

Опубликована: Март 10, 2022

On October 29, 2021, the Pfizer-BioNTech pediatric COVID-19 vaccine received Emergency Use Authorization for children aged 5-11 years in United States.† For a successful immunization program, both access to and uptake of are needed. Fifteen million doses were initially made available providers ensure broadest possible estimated 28 eligible years, especially those high social vulnerability index (SVI)§ communities. Initial supply was strategically distributed maximize vaccination opportunities U.S. years. coverage among persons 12-17 has lagged (1), confidence been identified as concern parents caregivers (2). Therefore, provider early low SVI communities examined during November 1, 2021-January 18, 2022. As 2021 (4 weeks after program launch), 38,732 enrolled, 92% lived within 5 miles an active provider. January 2022 (11 39,786 had administered 13.3 doses. First dose at 4 launch 15.0% (10.5% 17.5% areas, respectively; rate ratio [RR] = 0.68; 95% CI 0.60-0.78), 11 27.7% (21.2% 29.0% RR 0.76; 0.68-0.84). Overall series completion 19.1% (13.7% 21.7% 0.67; 0.58-0.77). Pharmacies 46.4% this age group, including 48.7% areas 44.4% areas. Although rates low, particularly first improved over time. Additional outreach is critical, improve increase

Язык: Английский

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The role of respiratory co-infection with influenza or respiratory syncytial virus in the clinical severity of COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal of Global Health, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12

Опубликована: Сен. 16, 2022

With the easing of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions, resurgence both influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was observed in several countries globally after remaining low activity for over a year. However, whether co-infection with or RSV influences disease severity patients has not yet been determined clearly. We aimed to understand impact influenza/RSV on clinical among patients.We conducted systematic literature review publications comparing between group (ie, SARS-CoV-2) mono-infection SARS-CoV-2), using following four outcomes: need use supplemental oxygen, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, deaths. summarized results by outcome random-effect meta-analyses where applicable.Twelve studies reporting total 7862 were included review. Influenza SARS-CoV-2 found be associated higher risk ICU admission (five studies, odds ratio (OR) = 2.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.64-2.68) ventilation OR 2.31, CI 1.10-4.85). No significant association need/use oxygen deaths (four 1.04, 0.37-2.95; 11 1.41, 0.65-3.08, respectively). For co-infection, data only sufficient allow analyses deaths, no (three 5.27, 0.58-47.87).Existing evidence suggests that might 2-fold increase whereas is limited role co-infection. Co-infection does death patients.PROSEPRO CRD42021283045.

Язык: Английский

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