JAMA Pediatrics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 177(9), С. 947 - 947
Опубликована: Июль 31, 2023
Investigating how the risk of serious illness after SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents has changed as new variants have emerged is essential to inform public health interventions clinical guidance.
Язык: Английский
Nature Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 28(7), С. 1468 - 1475
Опубликована: Май 10, 2022
Having adopted a dynamic zero-COVID strategy to respond SARS-CoV-2 variants with higher transmissibility since August 2021, China is now considering whether, and for how long, this policy can remain in place. The debate has thus shifted towards the identification of mitigation strategies minimizing disruption healthcare system case nationwide epidemic. To aim, we developed an age-structured stochastic compartmental susceptible-latent-infectious-removed-susceptible model transmission calibrated on initial growth phase 2022 Omicron outbreak Shanghai, project COVID-19 burden (that is, number cases, patients requiring hospitalization intensive care, deaths) under hypothetical scenarios. also considers age-specific vaccine coverage data, efficacy against different clinical endpoints, waning immunity, antiviral therapies nonpharmaceutical interventions. We find that level immunity induced by March vaccination campaign would be insufficient prevent wave result exceeding critical care capacity projected unit peak demand 15.6 times existing causing approximately 1.55 million deaths. However, estimate protecting vulnerable individuals ensuring accessibility vaccines therapies, maintaining implementation interventions could sufficient overwhelming system, suggesting these factors should points emphasis future policies.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
254
MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 71(11), С. 429 - 436
Опубликована: Март 15, 2022
The B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, has been predominant circulating in United States since late December 2021.* Coinciding with increased Omicron circulation, COVID-19-associated hospitalization rates rapidly among infants and children aged 0-4 years, a group not yet eligible for vaccination (1). Coronavirus Disease 19-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET)† data were analyzed to describe hospitalizations U.S. years March 2020. During period predominance (December 19, 2021-February 2022), weekly per 100,000 peaked at 14.5 (week ending January 8, 2022); this Omicron-predominant peak was approximately five times during SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) (June 27-December 18, 2021, which week September 11, 2021).§ predominance, 63% hospitalized had no underlying medical conditions; <6 months accounted 44% hospitalizations, although differences observed indicators severity by age. Strategies prevent COVID-19 young are important include currently populations (2) such as pregnant women (3), family members, caregivers (4).
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
151
JAMA Internal Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 182(10), С. 1071 - 1071
Опубликована: Сен. 8, 2022
Understanding risk factors for hospitalization in vaccinated persons and the association of COVID-19 vaccines with rates is critical public health efforts to control COVID-19.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
151
New England Journal of Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 386(21), С. 2011 - 2023
Опубликована: Май 11, 2022
Vaccination of children to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an urgent public health need. The safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy the mRNA-1273 vaccine in 6 11 years age are unknown.Part 1 this ongoing phase 2-3 trial was open label for dose selection; part 2 observer-blinded, placebo-controlled expansion evaluation selected dose. In 2, we randomly assigned (6 age) a 3:1 ratio receive two injections (50 μg each) or placebo, administered 28 days apart. primary objectives were safety noninferiority immune response these that young adults (18 25 related 3 trial. Secondary included determination incidences confirmed Covid-19 severe acute respiratory syndrome infection, regardless symptoms. Interim analysis results reported.In trial, 751 received 50-μg 100-μg vaccine, on basis immunogenicity results, level 2. 4016 placebo followed median 82 (interquartile range, 14 94) after first injection. This associated with mainly low-grade, transient adverse events, most commonly injection-site pain, headache, fatigue. No vaccine-related serious multisystem inflammatory children, myocarditis, pericarditis reported as data-cutoff date. One month second injection (day 57), neutralizing antibody titer who at 1610 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1457 1780), compared 1300 CI, 1171 1443) adults, serologic responses least 99.0% participants both groups, findings met prespecified success criterion. Estimated 88.0% 70.0 95.8) against occurring more injection, time when B.1.617.2 (delta) dominant circulating variant.Two doses found be safe effective inducing preventing age; noninferior those adults. (Funded by Biomedical Advanced Research Development Authority National Institute Allergy Infectious Diseases; KidCOVE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04796896.).
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
147
JAMA, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 327(22), С. 2210 - 2210
Опубликована: Май 13, 2022
Efficacy of 2 doses the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) against was high in pediatric trials conducted before SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant emerged. Among adults, estimated effectiveness (VE) symptomatic infection reduced compared with prior variants, waned rapidly, and increased a booster.To evaluate association vaccination to estimate VE among children adolescents during predominance.A test-negative, case-control analysis using data from 6897 pharmacy-based, drive-through testing sites across US single pharmacy chain Increasing Community Access Testing platform. This included 74 208 tests 5 11 years age 47 744 12 15 COVID-19-like illness who underwent nucleic acid amplification December 26, 2021, February 21, 2022.Two weeks or more vs no for children; 3 (who are recommended receive booster dose).Symptomatic infection. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) used VE: = (1 - OR) × 100%.A total 30 999 test-positive cases 43 209 test-negative controls were age, as well 22 273 25 471 age. median those 10 (IQR, 7-13); 61 189 (50.2%) female, 75 758 (70.1%) White, 29 034 (25.7%) Hispanic/Latino. At 4 after dose 2, children, OR 0.40 (95% CI, 0.35-0.45; VE, 60.1% [95% 54.7%-64.8%]) adolescents, 0.29-0.56; 59.5% 44.3%-70.6%]). During month 0.71 0.67-0.76; 28.9% 24.5%-33.1%]) 0.83 0.76-0.92; 16.6% 8.1%-24.3%]). 6.5 0.29 0.24-0.35; 71.1% 65.5%-75.7%]).Among modest decreased rapidly. dose.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
141
MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 71(16), С. 574 - 581
Опубликована: Апрель 19, 2022
On October 29, 2021, the Food and Drug Administration expanded Emergency Use Authorization for Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine to children aged 5-11 years; CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices' recommendation followed November 2, 2021.* In late December B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) became predominant strain in United States,† coinciding with a rapid increase COVID-19-associated hospitalizations among all age groups, including years (1). COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET)§ data were analyzed describe characteristics 1,475 U.S. throughout pandemic, focusing period early Omicron predominance (December 19, 2021-February 28, 2022). Among 397 hospitalized during Omicron-predominant period, 87% unvaccinated, 30% had no underlying medical conditions, 19% admitted an intensive care unit (ICU). The cumulative hospitalization rate was 2.1 times as high unvaccinated (19.1 per 100,000 population) vaccinated¶ (9.2).** Non-Hispanic Black (Black) accounted largest proportion (34%) represented approximately one third this group. Children diabetes obesity more likely experience severe COVID-19. potential serious illness years, those health highlights importance vaccination Increasing coverage children, particularly racial ethnic minority groups disproportionately affected by COVID-19, is critical preventing outcomes.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
119
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 75(1), С. e361 - e367
Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2022
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection from the Omicron variant in children/adolescents is less severe than Delta variant. Those 6 to <18 years also have disease those <6 old. There are limited data assessing 2019 (COVID-19) severity infected with We identified children and adolescents of age (SARS-CoV-2) propensity score-matched controls National COVID-19 Database Qatar. Primary outcome was severity, determined by hospital admission, admission intensive care unit (ICU), or mechanical ventilation within 14 days diagnosis, death 28 days. Among 1735 cases between 1 June November 2021, 32 635 January 15 2022, who did not prior were vaccinated, we 985 pairs. infected, 84.2% had mild, 15.7% moderate, 0.1% severe/critical disease. 97.8% 2.2% none (P < .001). (vs Delta) associated significantly lower odds moderate (adjusted ratio [AOR], 0.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], .07-.18). aged 6-11 12 developing compared younger (aOR, 0.47; CI, .33-.66 for year olds; aOR, 0.45; .21-.94 olds). as measured hospitalization rates need ICU ventilation.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
118
Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 27(11), С. 1443 - 1464
Опубликована: Май 18, 2023
The Omicron variant was first detected in October 2021, which evolved from the original SARS-CoV-2 strain and found to possess many mutations. Immune evasion one of notable consequences these Despite exhibiting increased transmissibility, rates hospitalizations deaths among patients infected with this were substantially lower when compared other strains. However, concluding that is less severe than variants requires consideration multiple factors, including vaccination status as well any previous infections variants. This review compiled data about reported indicators severity Omicron-infected patients, studies comparing while adjusting for confounders. A comprehensive search conducted using different databases target Omicron. In total, 62 met our inclusion criteria included study. Many a significantly reduced risk hospitalization, ICU admission, need oxygenation/ventilation, death variants, such Delta. Some studies, however, comparable emphasizing substantial illness. Furthermore, COVID-19 vaccines effective against relative lineages, except after receiving booster dose. One study recommended during pregnancy, may help prevent future cases pneumonia neonates young infants due transfer humoral response mother.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
59
Vaccines, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(4), С. 591 - 591
Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2022
The COVID-19 pandemic has led the world to undertake largest vaccination campaign in human history. In record time, unprecedented scientific and governmental efforts have resulted acquisition of immunizers utilizing different technologies (nucleotide acids, viral vectors, inactivated protein-based vaccines). Currently, 33 vaccines already been approved by regulatory agencies countries, more than 10 billion doses administered worldwide. Despite undeniable impact on control pandemic, recurrent emergence new variants interest raised challenges. recent mutations precede outbreaks that rapidly spread at global proportions. addition, reducing protective efficacy rates observed among main authorized vaccines. Besides these issues, several other crucial issues for appropriate combatting remain uncertain or under investigation. Particularly noteworthy include use vaccine-boosting strategies increase protection; concerns related long-term safety vaccines, child immunization reliability uncommon adverse events; persistence virus society; transition from a an endemic state. this review, we describe updated scenario regarding SARS-CoV-2 outline current discussions covering vaccine efficacy, future perspectives.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
65
Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 377(6611), С. 1144 - 1149
Опубликована: Сен. 8, 2022
There has been substantial research on adult COVID-19 and how to treat it. But do severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections afflict children? The pandemic yielded many surprises, not least that children generally develop less disease than older adults, which is unusual for a disease. However, some can serious complications from COVID-19, such as multisystem inflammatory in (MIS-C) Long Covid, even after mild or asymptomatic COVID-19. Why this occurs others an important question. Moreover, when contract understanding their role transmission, especially schools at home, crucial ensuring effective mitigation measures. Therefore, addition nonpharmaceutical interventions, improved ventilation, there strong case vaccinate so reduce possible long-term effects infection decrease transmission. questions remain about whether vaccination might skew immune responses variants the long term. As experts discuss below, more being learned these issues, but much needed understand of children.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
58