Two centuries of vaccination: historical and conceptual approach and future perspectives

Frontiers in Public Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2024

Over the past two centuries, vaccines have been critical for prevention of infectious diseases and are considered milestones in medical public health history. The World Health Organization estimates that vaccination currently prevents approximately 3.5-5 million deaths annually, attributed to such as diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, influenza, measles. Vaccination has instrumental eradicating important pathogens, including smallpox virus wild poliovirus types 2 3. This narrative review offers a detailed journey through history advancements vaccinology, tailored healthcare workers. It traces pivotal milestones, beginning with variolation practices early 17th century, development first vaccine, continuous evolution innovation vaccine up present day. We also briefly immunological principles underlying vaccination, well main types, special mention recently introduced mRNA technology. Additionally, we discuss broad benefits vaccines, their role reducing morbidity mortality, fostering socioeconomic communities. Finally, address issue hesitancy effective strategies promote acceptance. Research, collaboration, widespread acceptance use imperative continued success programs controlling ultimately diseases.

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose Acceptance: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 7(10), С. 298 - 298

Опубликована: Окт. 13, 2022

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) booster dose vaccination after completing the primary series for individuals ≥18 years and most-at-risk populations. This study aimed to estimate pooled proportion of COVID-19 vaccine uptake intention get among general populations healthcare workers (HCWs). We searched PsycINFO, Scopus, EBSCO, MEDLINE Central/PubMed, ProQuest, SciELO, SAGE, Web Science, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect according PRISMA guidelines. From a total 1079 screened records, 50 studies were extracted. Meta-analysis was conducted using 48 high-quality Newcastle-Ottawa Scale quality assessment tool. Using included studies, acceptance 198,831 subjects 81% (95% confidence interval (CI): 75–85%, I2 = 100%). actual in eight involving 12,995 31% CI: 19–46%, 100%), while have 79% 72–85%, vaccines HCWs 66% 58–74%), 99%). Meta-regression revealed that previous infection associated with lower dose. Conversely, significantly higher level uptake. WHO region Americas, which did not include any vaccination, 77% 66–85%, Western Pacific 89% 84–92%, 100), followed by European region: 86% 81–90%, 99%), Eastern Mediterranean 59% 46–71%, Southeast Asian 52% 43–61%, 95). Having chronic trust effectiveness significant predictors acceptance. global rate is high, but rates vary region. To achieve herd immunity disease, high required. Intensive campaigns programs are still needed around world raise public awareness regarding importance accepting proper control pandemic.

Язык: Английский

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Human health and genetic technology

Trends in biotechnology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 43(3), С. 522 - 532

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2025

Язык: Английский

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A small-molecule SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor targeting the membrane protein

Nature, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 26, 2025

Abstract The membrane (M) protein of betacoronaviruses is well conserved and has a key role in viral assembly 1,2 . Here we describe the identification JNJ-9676, small-molecule inhibitor targeting coronavirus M protein. JNJ-9676 demonstrates vitro nanomolar antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV sarbecovirus strains from bat pangolin zoonotic origin. Using cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), determined binding pocket formed by transmembrane domains dimer. Compound stabilized dimer an altered conformational state between its long short forms, preventing release infectious virus. In pre-exposure Syrian golden hamster model, (25 mg per kg twice day) showed excellent efficacy, illustrated significant reduction load virus lung 3.5 4 log 10 -transformed RNA copies 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID 50 ) lung, respectively. Histopathology scores at this were reduced to baseline. post-exposure was efficacious 75 day even when added 48 h after infection, peak loads observed. attractive target block replication, represents interesting chemical series towards identifying clinical candidates addressing current future pandemics.

Язык: Английский

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Risk Factors Associated with Severity and Death from COVID-19 in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study

Journal of Intensive Care Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 38(9), С. 825 - 837

Опубликована: Март 28, 2023

This study aims to investigate the risk factors associated with severity and death from COVID-19 through a systematic review meta-analysis of published documents in Iran.

Язык: Английский

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Preeclampsia in the Context of COVID‐19: Mechanisms, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Outcomes

American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 92(2)

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2024

The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to global COVID-19 pandemic, significantly impacting health pregnant women. Obstetric populations, already vulnerable, face increased morbidity and mortality related COVID-19, aggravated by preexisting comorbidities. Recent studies have shed light on potential correlation between preeclampsia (PE), a leading cause maternal perinatal worldwide, emphasizing significance exploring relationship these two conditions. Here, we review pathophysiological similarities that PE shares with particular focus cases in PE-like SARS-CoV-2 infection. We highlight cellular molecular mechanistic inter-connectivity conditions, for example, regulation renin-angiotensin system, tight junction barrier integrity, complement system. Finally, discuss how pandemic dynamics, including variants vaccination efforts, shaped clinical scenario influenced severity management both PE. Continued research mechanisms infection during pregnancy risk developing from previous infections is warranted delineate complexities interactions improve

Язык: Английский

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The efficacy of herbal medicines on the length of stay and negative conversion time/rate outcomes in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Май 30, 2024

Introduction In recent years, diverse initiatives have been carried out to control the COVID-19 pandemic, ranging from measures restricting social activities analyzing drugs and vaccines. Studies on herbal medicines are also increasingly conducted in various countries as an adjuvant therapy or supplement. Therefore, this systematic review aimed investigate efficacy of analyzed through clinical trials with randomized controlled trial method. The outcomes Length Stay (LOS), Negative Conversion Time (NCT), Rate (NCR) were main focus. Methods An extensive literature spanning 2019 2023 was using well-known databases including PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane. search included relevant keywords such “randomized trial,” “COVID-19,” “herbal medicine.” Results A total 8 articles part inclusion criteria LOS, NCT, NCR. terms LOS outcomes, all types showed significant results, Persian Medicine Herbal (PM Herbal), Barley Water (PBW), Jingyin Granules (JY granules), Reduning Injection, Phyllanthus emblica (Amla). However, only JY granules results NCR outcome, while Injection reducing NCT. Conclusion These findings enrich our understanding potential benefits influencing NCT parameters patients. worked treat antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory mechanisms.

Язык: Английский

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Prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among migrant and refugee groups: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Vaccine X, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14, С. 100308 - 100308

Опубликована: Май 6, 2023

Understanding COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among migrant and refugee groups is critical for achieving equity. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of acceptance populations.

Язык: Английский

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Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT) Accuracy in Evaluating Humoral Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2

Diseases, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(1), С. 29 - 29

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2024

Massive vaccination positively impacted the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, being a strategy to increase titers of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in population. Assessing NAb levels and understanding kinetics responses is critical for evaluating immune protection. In this study, we optimized validated PRNT50 assay assess 50% virus neutralization evaluated its accuracy measure NAbs original strain or variant SARS-CoV-2. The optimal settings were selected, such as cell (2 × 105 cells/well) CMC (1.5%) concentrations viral input (~60 PFU/well) PRNT-SARS-CoV-2 with cut-off point = 1.64 log5 based on ROC curve (AUC 0.999). presented high an intraassay precision 100% testing samples different (low, medium, titers). method displays selectivity without cross-reactivity dengue (DENV), measles (MV), zika (ZIKV), yellow fever (YFV) viruses. addition, standardized robustness when submitted controlled variations. PRNT was employed test over 1000 specimens from subjects positive negative diagnoses infection. Patients severe COVID-19 exhibited higher than those presenting mild symptoms both Wuhan Omicron. conclusion, study provides detailed description monitor protection subsidize surveillance policies applied epidemiologic studies COVID-19.

Язык: Английский

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Current Updates on Variants of SARS‐CoV‐ 2: Systematic Review

Health Science Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 7(11)

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2024

ABSTRACT Background Coronavirus disease 2019 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which has become a pandemic. Severe 2 an enveloped, unsegmented, positive‐sense, single‐stranded RNA virus that belongs to family Coronaviridae. Aim The objective of this review conduct qualitative analysis current updates on epidemiology, evolution, and vaccine variants for SARS‐CoV‐2. Method search strategy was done from database based PRISMA criteria review. Literature published in English last 5 years (2019–2023), were included. From 179 total 105 articles reviewed, searched, retrieved electronic databases PubMed. using keywords like COVID‐19, SARS‐CoV‐2, variants, mutations, vaccines, managed EndNote X8 software. scope view course pandemic emerging how man struggling overcome sudden through vaccines. narrative skeleton constructed article's view. Result parent many emerged during They are mainly categorized into two variants: interest concern impact public health. World Health Organization leveled five Alpha (strain B.1.1.7), Beta B.1.351), Gamma P.1), Delta B.1.617.2), Omicron (B.1.1.529). Conclusions It crucial stay informed about latest developments understanding SARS‐CoV‐2 as new can emerge authorities researchers continuously have monitor study these assess their characteristics, transmissibility, severity, effectiveness vaccines against them. One always refer information reputable health journals or organizations most up‐to‐date accurate details COVID‐19 variants.

Язык: Английский

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