Journal of Biomedical Science,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
28(1)
Опубликована: Май 25, 2021
Abstract
Mesenchymal
stem
cells
(MSCs)
have
been
demonstrated
to
a
great
potential
in
the
treatment
of
several
diseases
due
their
differentiation
and
immunomodulatory
capabilities
ability
be
easily
cultured
manipulated.
Recent
investigations
revealed
that
therapeutic
effect
is
largely
mediated
by
secretion
paracrine
factors
including
exosomes.
Exosomes
reflect
biophysical
features
MSCs
are
considered
more
effective
than
themselves.
Alternative
approaches
based
on
MSC-derived
exosomes
can
offer
appreciable
promise
overcoming
limitations
practical
challenges
observed
cell-based
therapy.
Furthermore,
may
provide
potent
strategy
for
various
promising
candidates
cell-free
regenerative
medicine.
This
review
briefly
summarizes
development
as
human
well
describes
our
current
knowledge
about
exosomes:
biogenesis
molecular
composition,
how
they
exert
effects
target
cells.
Particularly,
experimental
models
recent
clinical
trials
evaluate
safety
efficacy
summarized
this
study.
Overall,
paper
provides
overview
new
agent.
Cancer
is
a
global
health
problem
responsible
for
one
in
six
deaths
worldwide.
Treating
cancer
has
been
highly
complex
process.
Conventional
treatment
approaches,
such
as
surgery,
chemotherapy,
and
radiotherapy,
have
use,
while
significant
advances
are
being
made
recent
times,
including
stem
cell
therapy,
targeted
ablation
nanoparticles,
natural
antioxidants,
radionics,
chemodynamic
sonodynamic
ferroptosis-based
therapy.
Current
methods
oncology
focus
on
the
development
of
safe
efficient
nanomedicines.
Stem
therapy
brought
promising
efficacy
regenerating
repairing
diseased
or
damaged
tissues
by
targeting
both
primary
metastatic
foci,
nanoparticles
new
diagnostic
therapeutic
options.
Targeted
possessed
breakthrough
potential
inhibiting
growth
spread
specific
cells,
causing
less
damage
to
healthy
cells.
Ablation
emerged
minimally
invasive
procedure
that
burns
freezes
cancers
without
need
open
surgery.
Natural
antioxidants
demonstrated
tracking
down
free
radicals
neutralizing
their
harmful
effects
thereby
treating
preventing
cancer.
Several
technologies
currently
under
research
clinical
trials,
some
them
already
approved.
This
review
presented
an
update
breakthroughs
therapies.
Cells,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
9(5), С. 1157 - 1157
Опубликована: Май 7, 2020
Exosomes
are
nano-sized
vesicles
that
serve
as
mediators
for
cell-to-cell
communication.
With
their
unique
nucleic
acids,
proteins,
and
lipids
cargo
compositions
reflect
the
characteristics
of
producer
cells,
exosomes
can
be
utilized
cell-free
therapeutics.
Among
derived
from
various
cellular
origins,
mesenchymal
stem
cell-derived
(MSC-exosomes)
have
gained
great
attention
due
to
immunomodulatory
regenerative
functions.
Indeed,
many
studies
shown
anti-inflammatory,
anti-aging
wound
healing
effects
MSC-exosomes
in
vitro
vivo
models.
In
addition,
recent
advances
field
exosome
biology
enabled
development
specific
guidelines
quality
control
methods,
which
will
ultimately
lead
clinical
application
exosomes.
This
review
highlights
investigate
therapeutic
potential
relevant
mode
actions
skin
diseases,
well
measures
required
exosome-derived
Cell Communication and Signaling,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
20(1)
Опубликована: Сен. 19, 2022
Abstract
Background
Exosomes
are
progressively
known
as
significant
mediators
of
cell-to-cell
communication.
They
convey
active
biomolecules
to
target
cells
and
have
vital
functions
in
several
physiological
pathological
processes,
show
substantial
promise
novel
treatment
strategies
for
diseases.
Methods
In
this
review
study,
we
studied
numerous
articles
over
the
past
two
decades
published
on
application
exosomes
different
diseases
well
perspective
challenges
field.
Results
The
main
clinical
using
them
a
biomarker,
cell-free
therapeutic
agents,
drug
delivery
carriers,
basic
analysis
exosome
kinetics,
cancer
vaccine.
Different
from
human
or
plant
sources
utilized
various
trials.
Most
researchers
used
circulatory
system
biomarker
experiments.
Mesenchymal
stem
(MSCs)
dendritic
(DCs)
widely
held
cell
use.
MSCs-derived
commonly
inflammation
delivery,
while
DCs-exosomes
induce
response
patients.
However,
faces
questions
challenges.
addition,
translation
exosome-based
trials
is
required
conform
specific
good
manufacturing
practices
(GMP).
review,
summarize
according
type
disease.
We
also
address
regarding
kinetics
applications.
Conclusions
promising
platforms
many
This
exciting
field
developing
hastily,
understanding
underlying
mechanisms
that
direct
observed
roles
remains
far
complete
needs
further
multidisciplinary
research
working
with
these
small
vesicles.
Advanced Materials,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
33(14)
Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2021
Abstract
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
have
emerged
as
a
novel
cell‐free
strategy
for
the
treatment
of
many
diseases
including
cancer.
As
result
their
natural
properties
to
mediate
cell‐to‐cell
communication
and
high
physiochemical
stability
biocompatibility,
EVs
are
considered
excellent
delivery
vehicles
variety
therapeutic
agents
such
nucleic
acids
proteins,
drugs,
nanomaterials.
Increasing
studies
shown
that
can
be
modified,
engineered,
or
designed
improve
efficiency,
specificity,
safety
cancer
therapy.
Herein,
comprehensive
overview
recent
advances
in
strategies
methodologies
engineering
scalable
production
improved
cargo‐loading
tumor‐targeting
is
provided.
Additionally,
potential
applications
engineered
therapy
discussed
by
presenting
prominent
examples,
opportunities
challenges
translating
into
clinical
practice
evaluated.
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
8
Опубликована: Март 12, 2020
Stem
cell
therapy
has
garnered
much
attention
and
application
in
the
past
decades
for
treatment
of
diseases
injuries.
Mesenchymal
stem
cells
(MSCs)
are
studied
most
extensively
their
therapeutic
roles,
which
appear
to
be
derived
from
paracrine
activity.
Recent
studies
suggest
a
critical
role
extracellular
vesicles
(EV)
secreted
by
MSCs.
EV
nano-sized
membrane-bound
that
shuttle
important
biomolecules
between
maintain
physiological
homeostasis.
Studies
show
MSCs
(MSC-EV)
have
regenerative
anti-inflammatory
properties.
The
use
MSC-EV,
as
an
alternative
MSCs,
confers
several
advantages,
such
higher
safety
profile,
lower
immunogenicity,
ability
cross
biological
barriers,
avoids
complications
arise
cell-induced
ectopic
tumor
formation,
entrapment
lung
microvasculature,
immune
rejection.
These
advantages
growing
body
evidence
suggesting
MSC-EV
display
roles
contribute
strong
rationale
developing
option.
Despite
success
preclinical
studies,
clinical
settings
will
require
careful
consideration;
specifically,
issues
(i)
production
methods,
(ii)
quantification
characterization,
(iii)
pharmacokinetics,
targeting
transfer
target
sites,
(iv)
profile
assessments
need
resolved.
Keeping
these
mind,
aim
this
mini-review
is
shed
light
on
challenges
faced
research
translating
successful
platforms.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
9(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2024
Abstract
Although
stem
cell-based
therapy
has
demonstrated
considerable
potential
to
manage
certain
diseases
more
successfully
than
conventional
surgery,
it
nevertheless
comes
with
inescapable
drawbacks
that
might
limit
its
clinical
translation.
Compared
cells,
cell-derived
exosomes
possess
numerous
advantages,
such
as
non-immunogenicity,
non-infusion
toxicity,
easy
access,
effortless
preservation,
and
freedom
from
tumorigenic
ethical
issues.
Exosomes
can
inherit
similar
therapeutic
effects
their
parental
cells
embryonic
adult
through
vertical
delivery
of
pluripotency
or
multipotency.
After
a
thorough
search
meticulous
dissection
relevant
literature
the
last
five
years,
we
present
this
comprehensive,
up-to-date,
specialty-specific
disease-oriented
review
highlight
surgical
application
exosomes.
derived
(e.g.,
embryonic,
induced
pluripotent,
hematopoietic,
mesenchymal,
neural,
endothelial
cells)
are
capable
treating
encountered
in
orthopedic
neurosurgery,
plastic
general
cardiothoracic
urology,
head
neck
ophthalmology,
obstetrics
gynecology.
The
diverse
cells-derived
hierarchical
translation
tissue-specific
responses,
cell-specific
molecular
signaling
pathways.
In
review,
viable
potent
alternative
managing
various
conditions.
We
recommend
future
research
combines
wisdoms
surgeons,
nanomedicine
practitioners,
cell
researchers
intriguing
area.
Stem Cell Research & Therapy,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
12(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2021
Abstract
Stem
cells
can
be
used
for
regenerative
medicine
and
as
treatments
disease.
The
application
of
tissue
engineering-related
transplantation,
stem
cells,
local
changes
in
the
microenvironment
is
expected
to
solve
major
medical
problems.
Currently,
most
studies
focus
on
repair
regeneration,
mesenchymal
(MSCs)
are
among
common
research
topics.
MSCs
applicable
seed
they
represent
one
current
hot
topics
research.
However,
due
storage
limitations
because
cell
senescence
occurs
during
vitro
expansion,
their
clinical
challenging.
Exosomes,
which
secreted
by
through
paracrine
signalling,
not
only
have
same
effects
MSCs,
but
also
advantages
targeted
delivery,
low
immunogenicity,
high
repairability.
This
article
reviews
acquisition
methods,
characteristics,
biological
functions,
applications
exosomes.
Abstract
Mesenchymal
stem
cells
(MSCs)
are
multipotent
stromal
that
can
be
obtained
from
various
human
tissues
and
organs.
They
differentiate
into
a
wide
range
of
cell
types,
including
osteoblasts,
adipocytes
chondrocytes,
thus
exhibiting
great
potential
in
regenerative
medicine.
Numerous
studies
have
indicated
MSCs
play
critical
roles
cancer
biology.
The
crosstalk
between
tumour
has
been
found
to
regulate
many
behaviours,
such
as
proliferation,
metastasis
epithelial-mesenchymal
transition
(EMT).
Multiple
lines
evidence
demonstrated
secrete
exosomes
modulate
the
microenvironment
important
development.
Notably,
very
recent
works
shown
mesenchymal
cell-derived
(MSC-derived
exosomes)
critically
involved
resistance
chemotherapy
agents,
targeted-therapy
drugs,
radiotherapy
immunotherapy.
In
this
review,
we
systematically
summarized
emerging
detailed
molecular
mechanisms
MSC-derived
mediating
therapy
resistance,
providing
novel
insights
clinical
applications
management.
Cells,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
9(3), С. 563 - 563
Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2020
The
insufficient
and
unspecific
target
of
traditional
therapeutic
approaches
in
cancer
treatment
often
leads
to
therapy
resistance
recurrence.
Over
the
past
decades,
accumulating
discoveries
about
stem
cell
biology
have
provided
new
potential
cure
patients.
Stem
cells
possess
unique
biological
actions,
including
self-renewal,
directional
migration,
differentiation,
modulatory
effects
on
other
cells,
which
can
be
utilized
as
regenerative
medicine,
carriers,
drug
targeting,
generation
immune
cells.
In
this
review,
we
emphasize
mechanisms
underlying
use
various
types
treatment.
addition,
summarize
recent
progress
clinical
applications
well
common
risks
therapy.
We
finally
give
general
directions
for
future
studies,
aiming
improve
overall
outcomes
fight
against
cancer.
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
18(4), С. 499 - 511
Опубликована: Июль 14, 2021
Abstract
Exosomes
are
cell-secreted
nano-sized
vesicles
which
deliver
diverse
biological
molecules
for
intercellular
communication.
Due
to
their
therapeutic
potential,
exosomes
have
been
engineered
in
numerous
ways
efficient
delivery
of
active
pharmaceutical
ingredients
various
target
organs,
tissues,
and
cells.
In
vivo
administered
normally
delivered
the
liver,
spleen,
kidney,
lung,
gastrointestinal
tract
show
rapid
clearance
from
blood
circulation
after
systemic
injection.
The
biodistribution
pharmacokinetics
(PK)
can
be
modulated
by
engineering
factors
such
as
cellular
origin
membrane
protein
composition
exosomes.
Recent
advances
accentuate
potential
targeted
even
most
challenging
organs
including
central
nervous
system.
Major
breakthroughs
made
related
imaging
techniques
monitoring
PK
exosomes,
well
exosomal
surface
technologies
inducing
targetability.
For
delivery,
express
targeting
moieties
via
direct
modification
methods
chemically
modifying
surfaces
with
covalent/non-covalent
bonds,
or
indirect
genetically
exosome-producing
this
review,
we
describe
current
knowledge
determining
targetability
organotropism
monitor
addition,
highlight
recent
strategies
specific
