Role of the microbiome in human development

Gut, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 68(6), С. 1108 - 1114

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2019

The host-microbiome supraorganism appears to have coevolved and the unperturbed microbial component of dyad renders host health sustainable. This coevolution has likely shaped evolving phenotypes in all life forms on this predominantly planet. microbiota seems exert effects next generation from gestation, via maternal immune responses. ecosystems develop, restricted their epithelial niches by system, concomitantly with chronological development, providing early modulation physiological development functions for nutrition, immunity resistance pathogens at ages. Here, we review role microbiome human including evolutionary considerations, maternal/fetal relationships, contributions nutrition growth. We also discuss what constitutes a healthy microbiota, how antimicrobial modern practices are impacting associations between perturbations, responses diseases rocketing urban societies potential future restoration.

Язык: Английский

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Probiotics in Food Systems: Significance and Emerging Strategies Towards Improved Viability and Delivery of Enhanced Beneficial Value

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 11(7), С. 1591 - 1591

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2019

Preserving the efficacy of probiotic bacteria exhibits paramount challenges that need to be addressed during development functional food products. Several factors have been claimed responsible for reducing viability probiotics including matrix acidity, level oxygen in products, presence other lactic acid bacteria, and sensitivity metabolites produced by competing bacteria. approaches are undertaken improve sustain microbial cell viability, like strain selection, immobilization technologies, synbiotics etc. Among them, various carriers, composite carrier systems has recently attracted interest targeting protect from different types environmental stress (e.g., pH heat treatments). Likewise, successfully deliver large intestine, cells must survive processing storage, withstand conditions encountered upper gastrointestinal tract. Hence, appropriate selection their effective delivery remains a technological challenge with special focus on sustaining culture formulated product. Development synbiotic combinations another approach stimulate growth probiotics. The aim current review is summarize strategies novel techniques adopted enhance

Язык: Английский

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The Gut Microbiota and Unhealthy Aging: Disentangling Cause from Consequence

Cell Host & Microbe, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 28(2), С. 180 - 189

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Polyphenol-Mediated Gut Microbiota Modulation: Toward Prebiotics and Further

Frontiers in Nutrition, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 8

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2021

The genome of gut microbes encodes a collection enzymes whose metabolic functions contribute to the bioavailability and bioactivity unabsorbed (poly)phenols. Datasets from high throughput sequencing, metabolome measurements, other omics have expanded understanding different modes actions by which (poly)phenols modulate microbiome conferring health benefits host. Progress been made identify direct prebiotic effects (poly)phenols; albeit up date, these compounds are not recognized as prebiotics sensu stricto . Interestingly, certain probiotics strains an enzymatic repertoire, such tannase, α-L-rhamnosidase, phenolic acid reductase, involved in transformation into bioactive metabolites. In vivo studies demonstrated that (poly)phenol-transforming bacteria thrive when provided with substrates. However, taxonomically distinct symbionts phenolic-metabolizing activity has still significantly promoted This is case Akkermansia muciniphila , so-called antiobesity bacterium, responds positively may be partially responsible for formerly attributed molecules. We surmise broad antimicrobial action free ecological niches occupied competing bacteria, thereby allowing bloom beneficial bacteria. review explores capacity promote through their collaborative bacterial utilization inhibitory on potential pathogenic species. propose term duplibiotic describe substrate modulating microbiota both action. (Poly)phenol effect could participate blunting disturbance dysbiosis, positioning dietary strategies therapeutic potential.

Язык: Английский

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The Interactions between Polyphenols and Microorganisms, Especially Gut Microbiota

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10(2), С. 188 - 188

Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2021

This review presents the comprehensive knowledge about bidirectional relationship between polyphenols and gut microbiome. The first part is related to polyphenols’ impacts on various microorganisms, especially bacteria, their influence intestinal pathogens. research data mechanisms of polyphenol action were collected together organized. impact groups bacteria both whole “microbiota” particular species, including probiotics, are presented. Moreover, present in food (bound matrix) was compared with purified (such as dietary supplements) well form derivatives glycosides) those aglycones. second paper discusses detail (pathways) role bacterial biotransformation most important polyphenols, production bioactive metabolites a significant human organism (both positive negative).

Язык: Английский

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Parkinson’s disease-associated alterations of the gut microbiome predict disease-relevant changes in metabolic functions

BMC Biology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 18(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 9, 2020

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a systemic clinically defined by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in brain. While alterations gut microbiome composition have been reported PD, their functional consequences remain unclear. Herein, we addressed this question an analysis stool samples from Luxembourg Study (n = 147 typical PD cases, n 162 controls).All individuals underwent detailed clinical assessment, including neurological examinations and neuropsychological tests followed self-reporting questionnaires. Stool these were first analysed 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Second, predicted potential secretion for 129 microbial metabolites through personalised metabolic modelling using data genome-scale reconstructions human microbes. Our key results include following. Eight genera seven species changed significantly relative abundances between patients healthy controls. PD-associated patterns statistically depended on sex, age, BMI, constipation. Particularly, Bilophila Paraprevotella associated with Hoehn Yahr staging after controlling duration. Furthermore, microbiomes revealed nine increased methionine cysteinylglycine. The pantothenic acid production was linked to presence specific non-motor symptoms.Our suggest that can translate into substantial differences affecting host metabolism phenotype.

Язык: Английский

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Human Gut Microbiome Aging Clock Based on Taxonomic Profiling and Deep Learning

iScience, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 23(6), С. 101199 - 101199

Опубликована: Май 23, 2020

The human gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem that both affects and affected by its host status. Previous metagenomic analyses of microflora revealed associations between specific microbes age. Nonetheless there was no reliable way to tell host's age based on the community composition. Here we developed method predicting hosts' taxonomic profiles using cross-study dataset deep learning. Our best model has an architecture neural network achieves mean absolute error 5.91 years when tested external data. We further advance procedure for inferring role particular during aging defining them as potential biomarkers. described intestinal clock represents unique quantitative provides starting point building succession into single narrative.

Язык: Английский

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Lipoteichoic acid from the cell wall of a heat killed Lactobacillus paracasei D3-5 ameliorates aging-related leaky gut, inflammation and improves physical and cognitive functions: from C. elegans to mice

GeroScience, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 42(1), С. 333 - 352

Опубликована: Дек. 8, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Slimy partners: the mucus barrier and gut microbiome in ulcerative colitis

Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 53(5), С. 772 - 787

Опубликована: Май 1, 2021

Abstract Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic recurrent intestinal inflammatory disease characterized by high incidence and young onset age. Recently, there have been some interesting findings in the pathogenesis of UC. The mucus barrier, which composed mucin complex rich O-glycosylation, not only provides nutrients habitat for microbes but also orchestrates taming germs. In turn, gut microbiota modulates production secretion mucins stratification layers. Active bidirectional communication between its ‘slimy’ partner, seems to be continually performed concerto, maintaining homeostasis ecological microenvironment. Any abnormalities may induce disorder community, thereby causing damage. Our review mainly focuses on complicated barrier microbiome explore promising new avenue UC therapy.

Язык: Английский

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The Impact of Environmental Chemicals on the Gut Microbiome

Toxicological Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 176(2), С. 253 - 284

Опубликована: Май 5, 2020

Abstract Since the surge of microbiome research in last decade, many studies have provided insight into causes and consequences changes gut microbiota. Among multiple factors involved regulating microbiome, exogenous such as diet environmental chemicals been shown to alter significantly. Although substantially contributes are major contaminants our food often overlooked. Herein, we summarize current knowledge on classes (bisphenols, phthalates, persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals, pesticides) their impact which includes alterations microbial composition, gene expression, function, health effects host. We then discuss health-related implications changes, include metabolism, immunity, neurological function.

Язык: Английский

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