SARS‐CoV‐2 in animals: susceptibility of animal species, risk for animal and public health, monitoring, prevention and control

EFSA Journal, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2023

Abstract The epidemiological situation of SARS-CoV-2 in humans and animals is continually evolving. To date, animal species known to transmit are American mink, raccoon dog, cat, ferret, hamster, house mouse, Egyptian fruit bat, deer mouse white-tailed deer. Among farmed animals, mink have the highest likelihood become infected from or further SARS-CoV-2. In EU, 44 outbreaks were reported 2021 farms seven MSs, while only six 2022 two thus representing a decreasing trend. introduction into usually via humans; this can be controlled by systematically testing people entering adequate biosecurity. current most appropriate monitoring approach for outbreak confirmation based on suspicion, dead clinically sick case increased mortality positive farm personnel genomic surveillance virus variants. analysis showed mink-specific clusters with potential spill back human population. companion cats, ferrets hamsters those at risk infection, which likely originates an human, has no very low impact circulation wild (including zoo animals), mostly carnivores, great apes been naturally cases wildlife so far. Proper disposal waste advised reduce risks spill-over wildlife. Furthermore, contact wildlife, especially if dead, should minimised. No specific recommended apart hunter-harvested clinical signs found-dead. Bats monitored as natural host many coronaviruses.

Язык: Английский

---

SARS-CoV-2 evolution in animals suggests mechanisms for rapid variant selection

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 118(44)

Опубликована: Окт. 29, 2021

Significance SARS-CoV-2 emerged because of viral spillover from animals to humans, and spillback other animal species has been observed with accelerating frequency. Cross-species transmission generally results in the rapid adaptation virus new host, repeated transmissions may hasten evolution novel strain emergence. We report surprisingly selection numerous variants cell culture following infection nonhuman mammalian hosts, including dogs cats. These molecular changes provide insight into mechanisms host adaptation, lay groundwork for additional studies assessing dominant variant fitness phenotype, highlight potential human reinfection arising close frequent contact humans.

Язык: Английский

---

Natural and Experimental SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Domestic and Wild Animals

Viruses, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(10), С. 1993 - 1993

Опубликована: Окт. 4, 2021

SARS-CoV-2 is the etiological agent responsible for ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, which continues to spread with devastating effects on global health and socioeconomics. The susceptibility of domestic wild animal species infection a critical facet ecology, since reverse zoonotic spillover events resulting in outbreaks populations could result establishment new virus reservoirs. Adaptive mutations also complicate mitigation strategies combat SARS-CoV-2. In addition, susceptible are essential as standardized preclinical models development efficacy testing vaccines therapeutics. this review, we summarize current findings regarding different experimental provide detailed descriptions clinical disease transmissibility these animals. outline documented natural infections animals that have occurred at human–animal interface. A comprehensive understanding crucial inform public health, veterinary, agricultural systems, guide environmental policies.

Язык: Английский

---

First Description of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Two Feral American Mink (Neovison vison) Caught in the Wild

Animals, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11(5), С. 1422 - 1422

Опубликована: Май 16, 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causal agent of COVID-19, is considered a pathogen animal origin that mainly transmitted from human to human. Several species can be naturally or experimentally infected by SARS-CoV-2, with compelling evidence mink highly susceptible SARS-CoV-2 infection. Human-to-mink infection cases have been reported and there are also suggestions mink-to-human occurs. Mink infections date only on fur farms, except for one free- ranging wild near Utah (USA) farm, which suggests transmission pathway farms mink. We now report detection in 13 feral dark brown American (

Язык: Английский

---

Peridomestic Mammal Susceptibility to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection

Emerging infectious diseases, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 27(8), С. 2073 - 2080

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2021

Abstract Wild animals have been implicated as the origin of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but it is largely unknown how virus affects most wildlife species and if could ultimately serve a reservoir for maintaining outside human population. We show that several common peridomestic species, including deer mice, bushy-tailed woodrats, striped skunks, are susceptible to infection can shed in secretions. In contrast, we demonstrate cottontail rabbits, fox squirrels, Wyoming ground black-tailed prairie dogs, house racoons not SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our results expand knowledge base provide evidence human–wildlife interactions result continued transmission SARS-CoV-2.

Язык: Английский

---

Predicting the zoonotic capacity of mammals to transmit SARS-CoV-2

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 288(1963)

Опубликована: Ноя. 17, 2021

Back and forth transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) between humans animals will establish wild reservoirs virus that endanger long-term efforts to control COVID-19 in people protect vulnerable animal populations. Better targeting surveillance laboratory experiments validate zoonotic potential requires predicting high-risk host species. A major bottleneck this effort is the few species with available sequences for angiotensin-converting enzyme receptor, a key receptor required viral cell entry. We overcome by combining species' ecological biological traits three-dimensional modelling host-virus protein-protein interactions using machine learning. This approach enables predictions about capacity SARS-CoV-2 greater than 5000 mammals-an order magnitude more previously possible. Our are strongly corroborated vivo studies. The predicted proximity suggest enhanced risk from several common mammals, priority areas geographic overlap these global hotspots. With molecular data only small fraction hosts, linking across scales offers conceptual advance may expand our predictive viruses similarly unknown ranges.

Язык: Английский

---

Highly divergent white-tailed deer SARS-CoV-2 with potential deer-to-human transmission

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2022, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2022

Abstract Wildlife reservoirs of SARS-CoV-2 may enable viral adaptation and spillback from animals to humans. In North America, there is evidence unsustained spillover humans white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ), but no transmission Through a biosurveillance program in Ontario, Canada we identified new highly divergent lineage deer. This the most date, with 76 consensus mutations (including 37 previously associated non-human animal hosts) signatures considerable evolution within wildlife. Phylogenetic analysis also revealed an epidemiologically linked human case. Together, our findings represent first clear sustained deer-to-human transmission.

Язык: Английский

---

Zoonotic and Reverse Zoonotic Transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2

Virus Research, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 302, С. 198473 - 198473

Опубликована: Июнь 9, 2021

Язык: Английский

---

Susceptibility of Pets to SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Lessons from a Seroepidemiologic Survey of Cats and Dogs in Portugal

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(2), С. 345 - 345

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2022

Betacoronavirus (β-CoV) are positive single-stranded RNA viruses known to infect mammals. In 2019, a novel zoonotic β-CoV emerged, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2. Although most frequent SARS-CoV-2 transmission route is within humans, spillover from humans domestic and wild animals has been reported, including cats (

Язык: Английский

---

The Finding of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in a Wild Eurasian River Otter (Lutra lutra) Highlights the Need for Viral Surveillance in Wild Mustelids

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9

Опубликована: Март 31, 2022

Animals have been involved in the three known outbreaks of severe respiratory syndromes due to coronaviruses (years 2005, 2012, and 2019). The pandemic nature SARS-CoV-2 outbreak increases likelihood infection from humans susceptible animal species that, thus, could become secondary viral hosts even disease reservoirs. We present evidence spillover wild mustelids by reporting presence a Eurasian river otter found near water reservoir Valencian Community (Spain). detected virus using two different commercial RTqPCR assays on RNA extracted nasopharynx (swabbing) lung tissue mediastinal lymph node homogenates. corresponding samples additional otters distant sites tested negative identical assays. diagnosis positive was confirmed two-tube RT-PCR assay which first retrotranscribed, then specific regions spike (S), nucleocapsid (N), ORF10 genes were separately amplified produced cDNA, followed electrophoretic visualization Sanger sequencing. sequences products revealed some non-synonymous changes N partial sequences, relative consensus sequence. These changes, identified already human patient samples, point origin virus, although their combination unique. findings, together with our previous report feral American mink, highlight need for surveillance or evaluate risk that these animals

Язык: Английский

---