Cell Communication and Signaling,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
22(1)
Опубликована: Июль 22, 2024
Abstract
Stroke
is
a
leading
cause
of
mortality
and
long-term
disability
globally,
with
acute
ischemic
stroke
(AIS)
being
the
most
common
subtype.
Despite
significant
advances
in
reperfusion
therapies,
their
limited
time
window
associated
risks
underscore
necessity
for
novel
treatment
strategies.
Stem
cell-derived
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
have
emerged
as
promising
therapeutic
approach
due
to
ability
modulate
post-stroke
microenvironment
facilitate
neuroprotection
neurorestoration.
This
review
synthesizes
current
research
on
potential
stem
EVs
AIS,
focusing
origin,
biogenesis,
mechanisms
action,
strategies
enhancing
targeting
capacity
efficacy.
Additionally,
we
explore
innovative
combination
therapies
discuss
both
challenges
prospects
EV-based
treatments.
Our
findings
reveal
that
exhibit
diverse
effects
such
promoting
neuronal
survival,
diminishing
neuroinflammation,
protecting
blood-brain
barrier,
angiogenesis
neurogenesis.
Various
strategies,
including
modifications
cargo
modifications,
been
developed
improve
efficacy
EVs.
Combining
other
treatments,
therapy,
cell
transplantation,
nanomedicine,
gut
microbiome
modulation,
holds
great
promise
improving
outcomes.
However,
heterogeneity
need
standardized
protocols
EV
production
quality
control
remain
be
addressed.
represent
avenue
offering
address
limitations
Further
needed
optimize
translate
benefits
clinical
practice,
an
emphasis
ensuring
safety,
overcoming
regulatory
hurdles,
specificity
delivery
target
tissues.
Graphical
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(21), С. 11850 - 11850
Опубликована: Ноя. 4, 2024
Retinal
vascular
diseases
encompass
several
retinal
disorders,
including
diabetic
retinopathy,
retinopathy
of
prematurity,
age-related
macular
degeneration,
and
occlusion;
these
disorders
are
classified
as
similar
groups
due
to
impaired
vascularization.
The
aim
this
review
is
address
the
main
signaling
pathways
involved
in
pathogenesis
identify
crucial
molecules
importance
their
interactions.
Vascular
endothelial
growth
factor
(VEGF)
recognized
a
central
molecule
abnormal
neovascularization
key
phenomenon
thus,
anti-VEGF
therapy
now
most
successful
form
treatment
for
disorders.
Interaction
between
angiopoietin
2
Tie2
receptor
results
aberrant
signaling,
resulting
loss
pericytes,
neovascularization,
inflammation.
Notch
hypoxia-inducible
factors
ischemic
conditions
induce
pathological
disruption
blood-retina
barrier.
An
increase
pro-inflammatory
cytokines-TNF-α,
IL-1β,
IL-6-and
activation
microglia
create
persistent
inflammatory
milieu
that
promotes
breakage
blood-retinal
barrier
neovascularization.
Toll-like
nuclear
factor-kappa
B
important
dysregulation
immune
response
diseases.
Increased
production
reactive
oxygen
species
oxidative
damage
follow
inflammation
together
vicious
cycle
because
each
amplifies
other.
Understanding
complex
interplay
among
various
pathways,
cascades,
enables
development
new
more
therapeutic
options.
Cells,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(2), С. 112 - 112
Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2024
Stroke
remains
one
of
the
leading
causes
death
and
disability
worldwide.
Current
reperfusion
treatments
for
ischaemic
stroke
are
limited
due
to
their
narrow
therapeutic
window
in
rescuing
penumbra.
Stem
cell
therapy
offers
a
promising
alternative.
As
regenerative
medicine,
stem
cells
offer
wider
range
treatment
strategies,
including
long-term
intervention
chronic
patients,
through
reparation
replacement
injured
via
mechanisms
differentiation
proliferation.
The
purpose
this
review
is
evaluate
role
stroke.
This
paper
discusses
pathology
during
acute,
subacute,
phases
cerebral
injury,
highlights
involved
mesenchymal,
endothelial,
haematopoietic,
neural
cell-mediated
cerebrovascular
regeneration,
evaluates
pre-clinical
clinical
data
concerning
safety
efficacy
cell-based
treatments.
patients
with
different
types
appears
be
safe
efficacious
even
at
relatively
higher
concentrations
irrespective
route
timing
administration.
priming
or
pre-conditioning
prior
administration
help
augment
impact.
However,
larger
patient
cohorts
later-phase
trials
required
consolidate
these
findings.
Cell Communication and Signaling,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
22(1)
Опубликована: Июль 22, 2024
Abstract
Stroke
is
a
leading
cause
of
mortality
and
long-term
disability
globally,
with
acute
ischemic
stroke
(AIS)
being
the
most
common
subtype.
Despite
significant
advances
in
reperfusion
therapies,
their
limited
time
window
associated
risks
underscore
necessity
for
novel
treatment
strategies.
Stem
cell-derived
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
have
emerged
as
promising
therapeutic
approach
due
to
ability
modulate
post-stroke
microenvironment
facilitate
neuroprotection
neurorestoration.
This
review
synthesizes
current
research
on
potential
stem
EVs
AIS,
focusing
origin,
biogenesis,
mechanisms
action,
strategies
enhancing
targeting
capacity
efficacy.
Additionally,
we
explore
innovative
combination
therapies
discuss
both
challenges
prospects
EV-based
treatments.
Our
findings
reveal
that
exhibit
diverse
effects
such
promoting
neuronal
survival,
diminishing
neuroinflammation,
protecting
blood-brain
barrier,
angiogenesis
neurogenesis.
Various
strategies,
including
modifications
cargo
modifications,
been
developed
improve
efficacy
EVs.
Combining
other
treatments,
therapy,
cell
transplantation,
nanomedicine,
gut
microbiome
modulation,
holds
great
promise
improving
outcomes.
However,
heterogeneity
need
standardized
protocols
EV
production
quality
control
remain
be
addressed.
represent
avenue
offering
address
limitations
Further
needed
optimize
translate
benefits
clinical
practice,
an
emphasis
ensuring
safety,
overcoming
regulatory
hurdles,
specificity
delivery
target
tissues.
Graphical
