Management of keratoconus: an updated review

Frontiers in Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10

Опубликована: Июнь 20, 2023

Keratoconus is the most common corneal ectatic disorder. It characterized by progressive thinning with resultant irregular astigmatism and myopia. Its prevalence has been estimated at 1:375 to 1:2,000 people globally, a considerably higher rate in younger populations. Over past two decades, there was paradigm shift management of keratoconus. The treatment expanded significantly from conservative (e.g., spectacles contact lenses wear) penetrating keratoplasty many other therapeutic refractive modalities, including cross-linking (with various protocols/techniques), combined CXL-keratorefractive surgeries, intracorneal ring segments, anterior lamellar keratoplasty, more recently, Bowman's layer transplantation, stromal keratophakia, regeneration. Several recent large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified important genetic mutations relevant keratoconus, facilitating development potential gene therapy targeting keratoconus halting disease progression. In addition, attempts made leverage power artificial intelligence-assisted algorithms enabling earlier detection progression prediction this review, we provide comprehensive overview current emerging propose algorithm for systematically guiding clinical entity.

Язык: Английский

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ChatGPT in ophthalmology: the dawn of a new era?

Eye, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 38(1), С. 4 - 7

Опубликована: Июнь 27, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Clinical Applications of Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography: An Updated Review

Diagnostics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(2), С. 122 - 122

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2024

Since its introduction, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has revolutionized the field of ophthalmology and now become an indispensable, noninvasive tool in daily practice. Most ophthalmologists are familiar with use assessment monitoring retinal optic nerve diseases. However, it also important applications anterior segment structures, including cornea, conjunctiva, sclera, chamber, iris, potential to transform clinical examination these structures. In this review, we aim provide a comprehensive overview utility OCT (AS-OCT) for wide range pathologies, such as conjunctival neoplasia, pterygium, scleritis, keratoconus, corneal dystrophies, infectious/noninfectious keratitis. addition, AS-OCT (including epithelial mapping) preoperative planning postoperative refractive surgeries discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Diagnosis of Acanthamoeba Keratitis: Past, Present and Future

Diagnostics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(16), С. 2655 - 2655

Опубликована: Авг. 11, 2023

Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a painful and sight-threatening parasitic corneal infection. In recent years, the incidence of AK has increased. Timely accurate diagnosis crucial during management AK, as delayed often results in poor clinical outcomes. Currently, primarily achieved through combination suspicion, microbiological investigations imaging. Historically, scraping for culture been considered to be gold standard. Despite its technical ease, accessibility cost-effectiveness, long diagnostic turnaround time variably low sensitivity limit use sole test practice. this review, we aim provide comprehensive overview modalities that are currently used diagnose including microscopy with staining, culture, biopsy, vivo confocal microscopy, polymerase chain reaction anterior segment optical coherence tomography. We also highlight emerging techniques, such next-generation sequencing artificial intelligence-assisted models, which have potential transform landscape AK.

Язык: Английский

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Animal Models in Eye Research: Focus on Corneal Pathologies

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(23), С. 16661 - 16661

Опубликована: Ноя. 23, 2023

The eye is a complex sensory organ that enables visual perception of the world. dysfunction any these tissues can impair vision. Conduction studies on laboratory animals are essential to ensure safety therapeutic products directly applied or injected into treat ocular diseases before eventually proceeding clinical trials. Among tissues, cornea has unique homeostatic and regenerative mechanisms for maintaining transparency refraction external light, which However, being outermost tissue exposed environment, particularly susceptible injury diseases. This review highlights evidence selecting appropriate better understand corneal diseases, rank as fifth leading cause blindness worldwide. development reliable human-relevant animal models is, therefore, valuable research tool understanding translating fundamental mechanistic findings, well assessing potential in humans. First, this emphasizes characteristics used research. Subsequently, it discusses current associated with human pathologies, their utility disease mechanisms, role translational patients.

Язык: Английский

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XAI‐Enabled Telehealth

Опубликована: Март 3, 2025

Язык: Английский

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International Corneal and Ocular Surface Disease Dataset for Electronic Health Records

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2025

ABSTRACT Background/Aims To provide a comprehensive and internationally standardised Cornea Ocular Surface Disease (C&OSD) dataset for use in electronic health records (EHRs). Methods This was an international consensus study conducted through roundtable discussions involving 35 experts specialising the field of C&OSD. The Royal College Ophthalmologists guidelines were used to articulate initial C&OSD data elements template by curating from validated published datasets obtained scientific literature searches, accessing existing patient clinical reported outcome recording instruments registries. These included recommended Dry Eye Workshop II, International Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Workshop, Activity Damage Indices, Cicatrising Conjunctivitis Assessment Tool, Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency Clinical Confocal Grading, Chronic Manifestations Patients with Stevens–Johnson Syndrome, UK Transplant Registry. Data pooled into independent operational model. Results A generic (common all ophthalmology datasets) specific developed. Within dataset, several gateway disease datasets, such as atopic or allergic eye diseases, meibomian gland dysfunction, cicatrising conjunctivitis, chemical injury, dry eye, limbal stem cell deficiency, microbial infectious keratitis, corneal erosion syndrome, keratoconus, established streamline entry audit research purposes. Conclusion is provided which can be both generalist specialist ophthalmologists. Adoption full EHR providers will lead better interoperability care facilitate collaboration.

Язык: Английский

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Looking to the Future of Viral Vectors in Ocular Gene Therapy: Clinical Review

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(2), С. 365 - 365

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2025

Eye diseases can significantly affect the quality of life patients due to decreased visual acuity. Although modern ophthalmological diagnostic methods exist, some system are asymptomatic in early stages. Most seek advice from an ophthalmologist as a result rapidly progressive manifestation symptoms. A number inherited and acquired eye have only supportive treatment without eliminating etiologic factor. promising solution this problem may be gene therapy, which has proven efficacy safety shown clinical studies. By directly altering or replacing defective genes, therapeutic approach will stop well reverse progression diseases. This review examines concept therapy its application field ocular pathologies, emphasizing most recent scientific advances their potential impacts on function status.

Язык: Английский

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Enhancing Clinical Data Infrastructure for AI Research: A Comparative Evaluation of Data Management Architectures (Preprint)

Опубликована: Март 26, 2025

The rapid growth of clinical data, driven by digital technologies and high-resolution sensors, presents significant challenges for healthcare organisations aiming to support advanced AI research improve patient care. Traditional data management approaches may struggle handle the large, diverse rapidly updating datasets prevalent in modern environments. This study compares three architectures - warehouses (cDWH), lakes (cDL) lakehouses (cDLH) analysing their performance using FAIR principles Big Data 5 Vs (Volume, Variety, Velocity, Veracity, Value). aim is provide guidance on selecting an architecture that balances robust governance with flexibility required analytics. We developed a comprehensive analysis framework integrates aspects technical criteria. A literature review was conducted synthesise evidence from multiple studies, focusing how each manages heterogeneous dynamically data. assessed key dimensions such as scalability, real-time processing capabilities, metadata consistency, expertise implementation maintenance. results show cDWHs offer strong governance, stability structured reporting, making them well suited environments require strict compliance reliable analysis. However, they are limited terms scalability. In contrast, cDLs greater cost-effective scalability managing types, although suffer inconsistent maintaining quality. cDLHs combine strengths both supporting ingestion querying; however, hybrid nature requires high involves complex integration efforts. optimal applications depends organisation's specific needs, available resources, strategic goals. Healthcare institutions need weigh trade-offs between operational build future-proof infrastructures operations research. Further should focus simplifying complexity models improving standards overall system reliability ease implementation.

Язык: Английский

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The Royal College of Ophthalmologists’ National Ophthalmology Database study of cataract surgery: report 16, influence of remuneration model on choice of intraocular lens in the UK

Eye, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 37(18), С. 3854 - 3860

Опубликована: Авг. 10, 2023

Язык: Английский

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