Molecular and pathophysiological relationship between obesity and chronic inflammation in the manifestation of metabolic dysfunctions and their inflammation‑mediating treatment options (Review)

Molecular Medicine Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 29(6)

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2024

Obesity reaches up to epidemic proportions globally and increases the risk for a wide spectrum of co‑morbidities, including type‑2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease, kidney respiratory disorders, sleep apnea, musculoskeletal disorders osteoarthritis, subfertility, psychosocial problems certain types cancers. The underlying inflammatory mechanisms interconnecting obesity with metabolic dysfunction are not completely understood. Increased adiposity promotes pro‑inflammatory polarization macrophages toward M1 phenotype, in adipose tissue (AT), subsequent increased production cytokines adipokines, inducing therefore an overall, systemic, low‑grade inflammation, which contributes syndrome (MetS), insulin resistance (IR) T2DM. Targeting mediators could be alternative therapies treat obesity, but their safety efficacy remains studied further confirmed future clinical trials. present review highlights molecular pathophysiological by chronic inflammation AT reactive oxygen species lead MetS, IR In addition, focus is given on role anti‑inflammatory agents, resolution through blockade chemotactic factors, such as monocytes chemotractant protein‑1, and/or mediators, IL‑1β, TNF‑α, visfatin, plasminogen activator inhibitor‑1, synthesis adiponectin apelin, obesity‑associated dysfunction.

Язык: Английский

---

Unraveling the AMPK-SIRT1-FOXO Pathway: The In-Depth Analysis and Breakthrough Prospects of Oxidative Stress-Induced Diseases

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(1), С. 70 - 70

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2025

Oxidative stress (OS) refers to the production of a substantial amount reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading cellular and organ damage. This imbalance between oxidant antioxidant activity contributes various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurodegenerative conditions. The body’s system, mediated by signaling pathways, includes AMPK-SIRT1-FOXO pathway. In oxidative conditions, AMPK, an energy sensor, activates SIRT1, which in turn stimulates FOXO transcription factor. cascade enhances mitochondrial function, reduces damage, mitigates OS-induced injury. review provides comprehensive analysis biological roles, regulatory mechanisms, functions pathway diseases influenced OS, offering new insights methods for understanding OS pathogenesis its therapeutic approaches.

Язык: Английский

---

Elucidating ascorbate and aldarate metabolism pathway characteristics via integration of untargeted metabolomics and transcriptomics of the kidney of high-fat diet-fed obese mice

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(4), С. e0300705 - e0300705

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2024

Obesity is a major independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease and can activate renal oxidative stress injury. Ascorbate aldarate metabolism an important carbohydrate metabolic pathway that protects cells from damage. However the effect of on this still unclear. Therefore, primary objective study was to investigate ascorbate in kidneys high-fat diet-fed obese mice determine effects stress. Male C57BL/6J were fed diet 12 weeks induce obesity. Subsequently, non-targeted metabolomics profiling used identify metabolites tissues mice, followed by RNA sequencing using transcriptomic methods. The integrated analysis transcriptomics revealed alterations these mice. diet-induced obesity resulted notable changes, including thinning glomerular basement membrane, podocyte morphology, increase Metabolomics 649 positive-ion mode, 470 negative-ion mode. Additionally, 659 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified which 34 upregulated 625 downregulated. Integrated analyses two DEGs 13 differential pathway. expression levels ugt1a9 ugt2b1 downregulated, level tissue reduced. Thus, injury induced affects regulation emerged as potential marker predicting damage due

Язык: Английский

---

Is oxidative stress - antioxidants imbalance the physiopathogenic core in pediatric obesity?

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Авг. 8, 2024

Despite the early recognition of obesity as an epidemic with global implications, research on its pathogenesis and therapeutic approach is still rise. The literature 21st century records excess weight found in up to 1/3 children. Both determining factors systemic effects are multiple variable. Regarding involvement potentiation cardio-vascular, pulmonary, digestive, metabolic, neuro-psychic or even dermatological diseases, information already broadly outlined. connection between underlying disease associated comorbidities seems be partially attributable oxidative stress. In addition these, light recent COVID-19 pandemic, role played by stress induction, maintenance chronic inflammation among overweight children adolescents becomes a topic interest again. Thus, this review’s purpose update general data obesity, emphasis physiopathological mechanisms that underlie it involve At same time, we briefly present latest principles pathology diagnosis management. Among will mainly emphasize impact endogenous exogenous antioxidants evolutionary course pediatric obesity. order achieve our objectives, refer most studies published specialized literature.

Язык: Английский

---

The role of neurovascular coupling dysfunction in cognitive decline of diabetes patients

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18

Опубликована: Март 21, 2024

Neurovascular coupling (NVC) is an important mechanism to ensure adequate blood supply active neurons in the brain. NVC damage can lead chronic impairment of neuronal function. Diabetes characterized by high sugar and considered risk factor for cognitive impairment. In this review, we provide fMRI evidence diabetic patients with decline. Combined exploration major mechanisms signaling pathways NVC, discuss effects hyperglycemia on cellular structure signaling, including key receptors, ion channels, intercellular connections. Studying these diabetes-related changes cell will help us understand underlying causes behind diabetes-induced early decline, ultimately helping identify most effective drug targets treatment.

Язык: Английский

---

Association between a body shape index and cognitive impairment among US older adults from a cross-sectional survey of the NHANES 2011–2014

Lipids in Health and Disease, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2024

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to assess the relationship between A Body Shape Index (ABSI) and cognitive impairment among older adults in United States. Methods cross-sectional analyzed function 2,752 individuals aged 60 using data from 2011–2014 National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Cognitive assessments were conducted Immediate Recall Test (IRT), Delayed (DRT), Animal Fluency (AFT), Digit Symbol Substitution (DSST). was calculated waist circumference (WC), weight, height. The ABSI outcomes examined through multifactorial linear regression, smooth curve fitting, subgroup interaction analyses. Results With complete data, 2752 persons participated study. After adjusting for covariables, these results showed statistically significant negative relationships ABSI, IRT, DSST scores. correlation is more substantial males than females. There less of a link AFT, drinkers who consume 12 or drinks annually compared those less. Furthermore, without high blood pressure(HBP), suffered HBP connection AFT. Conclusion Lower linked higher ABSI.

Язык: Английский

---

Fanlian Huazhuo Formula alleviates high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating autophagy and lipid synthesis signaling pathway

World Journal of Gastroenterology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(30), С. 3584 - 3608

Опубликована: Авг. 8, 2024

Fanlian Huazhuo Formula (FLHZF) has the functions of invigorating spleen and resolving phlegm, clearing heat purging turbidity. It been identified to have therapeutic effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in clinical application. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is frequently diagnosed patients with T2DM. However, potential FLHZF NAFLD underlying mechanisms need further investigation.

Язык: Английский

---

Association Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease: Common Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Targets

Cell Biochemistry and Function, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 42(7)

Опубликована: Сен. 3, 2024

ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus (DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) rates are rising, mirroring the global trend of an aging population. Numerous epidemiological studies have shown that those with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) increased risk developing dementia. These degenerative progressive diseases share some factors. To a large extent, amyloid cascade is responsible for AD development. Neurofibrillary tangles induce neurodegeneration brain atrophy; this chain reaction begins hyperphosphorylation tau proteins caused by beta (Aβ) accumulation. In addition to these processes, it seems alterations in glucose metabolism insulin signalling lead cell death reduced synaptic plasticity AD, before onset symptoms, which may be years away. Due substantial evidence linking resistance researchers coined name “Type 3 diabetes” characterize condition. We still know little about processes involved, even though current animal models helped illuminate links between T2DM AD. This brief overview discusses IGF‐1 disorders primary molecular pathways connect them. The presence GSK‐3β intriguing. proteins' association pancreatic β‐cell failure suggests they might therapeutic targets both disorders.

Язык: Английский

---

Aerobic exercise and metformin attenuate the cognitive impairment in an experimental model of type 2 diabetes mellitus: focus on neuroinflammation and adult hippocampal neurogenesis

Metabolic Brain Disease, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 40(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025

Язык: Английский

---

Association of oxidative balance score with incident cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: findings of the UK Biobank study

European Journal of Nutrition, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 64(3)

Опубликована: Март 6, 2025

Язык: Английский

---