Nanoparticles of Natural Product-derived Medicines: Beyond the Pandemic

Heliyon, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11(4), С. e42739 - e42739

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

This review explores the synergistic potential of natural products and nanotechnology for viral infections, highlighting key antiviral, immunomodulatory, antioxidant properties to combat pandemics caused by highly infectious viruses. These often result in severe public health crises, particularly affecting vulnerable populations due respiratory complications increased mortality rates. A cytokine storm is initiated when an overload pro-inflammatory cytokines chemokines released, leading a systemic inflammatory response. Viral mutations limited availability effective drugs, vaccines, therapies contribute continuous transmission virus. The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has sparked renewed interest product-derived antivirals. efficacy traditional medicines against infections examined. Their anti-inflammatory, are highlighted. discusses how enhances herbal combating infections.

Язык: Английский

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Therapeutic utility of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells-based approaches in pulmonary diseases: Recent advancements and prospects

World Journal of Stem Cells, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(2), С. 70 - 88

Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2024

Pulmonary diseases across all ages threaten millions of people and have emerged as one the major public health issues worldwide. For diverse disease conditions, currently available approaches are focused on alleviating clinical symptoms delaying progression but not shown significant therapeutic effects in patients with lung diseases. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) isolated from human UC capacity for self-renewal multilineage differentiation. Moreover, recent years, these been demonstrated to unique advantages treatment We searched Public Clinical Trial Database found 55 trials involving UC-MSC therapy pulmonary diseases, including coronavirus 2019, acute respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, chronic obstructive disease, fibrosis. In this review, we summarize characteristics registered relevant published results explore depth challenges opportunitiesfaced application. underlying molecular mechanisms involved UC-MSC-based also analyzed depth. brief, comprehensive review detailed analysis can be expected provide a scientific reference future large-scale

Язык: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: The Advantage of Mucosal Vaccine Delivery and Local Immunity

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(7), С. 795 - 795

Опубликована: Июль 18, 2024

Immunity against respiratory pathogens is often short-term, and, consequently, there an unmet need for the effective prevention of such infections. One infectious disease coronavirus 19 (COVID-19), which caused by novel Beta SARS-CoV-2 that emerged around end 2019. The World Health Organization declared illness a pandemic on 11 March 2020, and since then it has killed or sickened millions people globally. development COVID-19 systemic vaccines, impressively led to significant reduction in severity, hospitalization, mortality, contained pandemic’s expansion. However, these vaccines have not been able stop virus from spreading because restricted mucosal immunity. As result, breakthrough infections frequently occurred, new strains emerging. Furthermore, will likely continue circulate like influenza virus, co-exist with humans. upper tract nasal cavity are primary sites infection thus, mucosal/nasal vaccination induce response virus’ transmission warranted. In this review, we present status both approved those under evaluation clinical trials. our approach B-cell peptide-based applied prime-boost schedule elicit

Язык: Английский

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The unreversible reduced but persistent activated NK and CD8 ⁺ T cells in severe/critical COVID-19 during omicron pandemic in China

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2023

As a hallmark of COVID-19 progression, lymphopenia alongside its subtle immune disturbance has been widely reported, but yet to be thoroughly elucidated. Aiming at exploring clinical biomarkers with accessibility in the current and acute omicron epidemic abrupted China post-control era, we design real-world prospective observation cohort Peking Union Medical College Hospital describe immunological, haematological profiles inducing lymphocyte subsets related SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this cohort, enrolled 17 mild/moderate (M/M), 24 severe (S) 25 critical (C) patients. The dynamics lymphocytes demonstrated that sharp decline NK, CD8+, CD4+ T cell counts was main contributor S/C group, compared M/M group. Expressions activation marker CD38 proliferation Ki-67 both CD8+ NK cells were significantly higher all patients than healthy donors, independent disease severity. subsequent analysis showed contrast remained low-level after therapy expressions still stay high level, despite active treatment. Targeting relatively elderly infection, features unreversible reduction persistent proliferation, which assist clinicians early recognizing saving or Given immunophenotype, new immunotherapy improving antiviral efficiency should considered.

Язык: Английский

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Effect of glucocorticoids on the development of COVID‐19‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis: A meta‐analysis of 21 studies and 5174 patients

Mycoses, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 66(11), С. 941 - 952

Опубликована: Авг. 7, 2023

Abstract COVID‐19‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) remains a high mortality mycotic infection throughout the pandemic, and glucocorticoids (GC) may be its root cause. Our aim was to evaluate effect of systemic GC treatment on development CAPA. We systematically searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus Embase databases collect eligible studies published until 31 December 2022. The pooled outcome CAPA calculated as log odds ratio (LOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using random model. A total 21 5174 patients were included. Of these, 20 4675 consisting 2565 treated but without other immunomodulators (GC group) 2110 or (controls) analysed. LOR higher for group than controls (0.54; CI: 0.22, 0.86; p < .01). In subgroups, high‐dose (0.90; 0.17, 1.62: = .01) dexamethasone (0.71; 0.35, 1.07; had no significant difference low‐dose (0.41; −0.07, 0.89; .09), non‐dexamethasone (0.21; −0.36, 0.79; .47), versus controls. increases risk development, this is particularly associated use treatment.

Язык: Английский

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CXCR3-Expressing T Cells in Infections and Autoimmunity

Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 29(8)

Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2024

The chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its ligands (MIG/CXCL9, IP-10/CXCL10, I-TAC/CXCL11) play a central role in the generation of cellular inflammation, both protective responses to invading pathogens, different pathological conditions associated with autoimmunity. It is worth noting that highly expressed on innate adaptive lymphocytes, as well various cell subsets are localized non-immune organs tissues. Our review focuses exclusively CXCR3-expressing T cells, including Th1, Th17.1, Tfh17, Tfh17.1, CXCR3+ Treg Tc1 CD8+ cells. Currently, numerous studies have highlighted CXCR3-dependent interactions coordination inflammation peripheral tissues, increase recruitment CD4+ cells upregulate also for regulatory dampen overexuberant responses. Understanding might help apply them new effective therapeutic targets wide range diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Analysis of the immune response in COVID-19

Progress in molecular biology and translational science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Decoding Inflammation: The Role of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Predicting Critical Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients

Medicina, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 61(4), С. 634 - 634

Опубликована: Март 30, 2025

Background and Objectives: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR) are novel biomarkers that provide insight into systemic inflammation how the immune system responds to stress or infection. These ratios have been associated with predicting clinical outcomes in various diseases, including COVID-19. This study aims evaluate prognostic value of NLR PLR anticipating ICU admission, acute respiratory failure, disease severity COVID-19 patients. Materials Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational included 536 patients diagnosed analyzed values at admission correlated them onset outcomes. Results: Statistical correlations were identified between elevated development complications during hospitalization (p = 0.04 p 0.00), hypoxemic failure intensive care unit (ICU) 0.04). No found these mortality 0.46 0.32) nor hepatic cytolysis 0.79 0.87). Conclusions: reliable, easily obtainable can aid early prediction patients, offering valuable insights for risk stratification management. Further prospective studies needed validate as part broader predictive model critical

Язык: Английский

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BALF CD-4 Cell Count in Critical COVID-19

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Exosomes in COVID‐19 infection: Focus on role in diagnosis, pathogenesis, immunity, and clinical trials

Cell Biology International, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 47(6), С. 1049 - 1067

Опубликована: Март 19, 2023

Abstract Since the end of 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has spread as a new strain disease (COVID‐19) and progressed global pandemic. Exosomes are membrane‐bound vesicles released from almost all cells crucially involved in cell–cell communication. Interestingly, COVID‐19 viral particles produce exosomes that moderate communication between infected uninfected cells. Hence, there is growing evidence highlighting crucial implications infection, transmission, intercellular spread, reinfection. On other hand, clinical trials have demonstrated mesenchymal stem cell‐derived promising therapeutic strategy for severely affected patients. Also, convalescent plasma‐derived been proposed multiple efficacies Furthermore, messenger RNAs (mRNA)‐loaded were superior to mRNA‐loaded lipid nanoparticles delivery system. can be used safely induce SARS‐CoV‐2 immunity via their loading with mRNAs encoding immunogenic forms spike nucleocapsid proteins. Moreover, nano‐delivery system microRNA alleviate cytokine storm prevent progression organ failure The present review summarizes state art concerning role infection accompanying complications well potential use diagnosis, treatment, drug delivery, vaccination. also sheds light on common biogenic pathway virus exosomes. Additionally, latest current using summarized.

Язык: Английский

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