Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 19(8), С. 2632 - 2649
Опубликована: Авг. 14, 2023
Язык: Английский
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10
Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2024
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed particles secreted by a variety of cell types. These encapsulate diverse range molecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, metabolites, and even organelles derived from their parental cells. While EVs have emerged as crucial mediators intercellular communication, they also hold immense potential both biomarkers therapeutic agents for numerous diseases. A thorough understanding EV biogenesis is the development EV-based diagnostic developments since composition can reflect health disease status donor cell. Moreover, when taken up target cells, exert profound effects on gene expression, signaling pathways, cellular behavior, which makes these biomolecules enticing targets interventions. Yet, despite decades research, intricate processes underlying cells subsequent uptake recipient remain poorly understood. In this review, we aim to summarize current insights advancements in mechanisms EVs. By shedding light fundamental governing delivery, review underscores basic mechanistic research pave way developing novel strategies applications.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
32
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(1), С. 640 - 640
Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2024
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have a significant impact on the pathophysiological processes associated with various diseases such as tumors, inflammation, and infection. They exhibit molecular, biochemical, entry control characteristics similar to viral infections. Viruses, other hand, depend host metabolic machineries fulfill their biosynthetic requirements. Due potential advantages biocompatibility, biodegradation, efficient immune activation, EVs emerged therapeutic targets against SARS-CoV-2 Studies COVID-19 patients shown that they frequently dysregulated lipid profiles, which are an increased risk of severe repercussions. Lipid droplets (LDs) serve organelles roles in metabolism energy homeostasis well having wide range functions The down-modulation lipids, sphingolipid ceramide eicosanoids, or transcriptional factors involved lipogenesis seem inhibit multiplication, suggesting involvement virus replication pathogenesis highlighting for drug development. Hence, this review focuses role modulation mechanism system evasion during infection explores application delivering substances mitigate
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
20
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(5), С. 2730 - 2730
Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2024
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), a diverse group of cell-derived exocytosed particles, are pivotal in mediating intercellular communication due to their ability selectively transfer biomolecules specific cell types. EVs, composed proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, taken up by cells affect variety signaling cascades. Research the field has primarily focused on stem with particular focus mesenchymal cells, for potential therapeutic benefits. Recently, tissue-specific EVs or type-specific extracellular (CTS-EVs), have garnered attention unique biogenesis molecular composition because they enable highly targeted cell-specific communication. Various studies outlined roles that CTS-EVs play physiological function maintenance homeostasis, including immune modulation, tissue regeneration, organ development. These properties also exploited disease propagation, such as cancer, neurological disorders, infectious diseases, autoimmune conditions, more. The insights gained from analyzing different biological not only enhance our understanding pathogenesis but open new avenues innovative diagnostic biomarkers targets wide spectrum medical conditions. This review comprehensively outlines current CTS-EV origins, within normal physiology, implications diseased states.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
20
Pharmaceuticals, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(6), С. 707 - 707
Опубликована: Май 30, 2024
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising approach for drug delivery strategies because of their unique properties. These include cell membrane-coated nanoparticles, cell-derived extracellular vesicles, immunomodulatory effects, cell-laden scaffolds, and scaffold-free sheets. MSCs offer advantages such low immunogenicity, homing ability, tumor tropism, making them ideal targeted systems. Stem vesicles gained attention immune properties tumor-homing abilities, presenting potential solution challenges. The relationship between MSC-based the self-renewal differentiation capabilities lies in engineered to serve effective carriers therapeutic agents while maintaining intrinsic exhibit potent immunosuppressive functions strategies. EVs immunogenicity strong tissue repair regeneration. Scaffold-free sheets represent cutting-edge regenerative medicine, offering versatile platform engineering regeneration across different medical specialties. shown great clinical applications medicine ability differentiate into various types, secrete bioactive factors, modulate responses. Researchers are exploring these innovative approaches enhance efficiency effectiveness treating diseases.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
14
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(11), С. 5863 - 5863
Опубликована: Май 28, 2024
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, and other lipid derived from cells, play a pivotal role in intercellular communication by transferring information between cells. EVs secreted progenitor stem cells have been associated with the therapeutic effects observed cell-based therapies, they also contribute to tissue regeneration following injury, such as orthopaedic surgery cases. This review explores involvement of nerve regeneration, their potential drug carriers, significance cell research cell-free therapies. It underscores importance bioengineers comprehending manipulating EV activity optimize efficacy engineering regenerative
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
11
APOPTOSIS, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Ноя. 10, 2024
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
10
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(2), С. 723 - 723
Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2025
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for spinal cord injury (SCI). These nanosized possess unique properties such low immunogenicity and the ability to cross biological barriers, making them ideal carriers delivering bioactive molecules injured tissues. MSC-EVs been demonstrated exert multiple beneficial effects in SCI, including reducing inflammation, promoting neuroprotection, enhancing axonal regeneration. Recent studies delved into molecular mechanisms underlying MSC-EV-mediated effects. Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) identified key regulators of various cellular processes involved SCI pathogenesis repair. miRNAs can influence oxidative stress, apoptosis by modulating gene expression. This review summarized current state MSC-EV-based therapies highlighting potential clinical applications. We discussed challenges limitations translating these practice, inconsistent EV production, complex cargo composition, need targeted delivery strategies. Future research should focus on optimizing production characterization, identifying miRNAs, developing innovative systems maximize SCI.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
Journal of Translational Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 23(1)
Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2025
Mitochondria play a critical role in oxidative stress (OS)-induced neuronal injury during ischemic stroke (IS), making them promising therapeutic targets. Mounting evidence underscores the extraordinary promise of exosomes derived from human neural stem cells (hNSCs) management central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Nonetheless, precise mechanisms by which these target mitochondria to ameliorate effects IS remain only partially elucidated. This study investigates protective hNSC (hNSC-Exos) on damage. Using rat model middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) vivo and OS-induced HT22 vitro. Firstly, our research group independently isolated subsequently prepared hNSC-Exos. In vivo, MCAO rats were restored blood flow perfusion simulate ischemia-reperfusion injury, hNSC-Exos injected through stereotaxic injection into brain. Subsequently, evaluated, including histological studies, behavioral assessments. H2O2 was used OS environment MCAO, then its evaluated co-culturing with hNSC-Exos, immunofluorescence staining, western blotting (WB), quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). process exploring specific mechanisms, we utilized RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) detect potential induction mitophagy cells. Afterwards, employed series mitochondrial function assessments autophagy related detection techniques, measuring membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging, monodansylcadaverine (MDC) mCherry-GFP-LC3B staining. addition, further investigated regulatory pathway using inhibitor mdivi-1 knocking out PTEN induced kinase 1 (PINK1) Administration significantly ameliorated brain tissue damage enhanced outcomes rats. treatment led reduction apoptosis facilitated normalization impaired neurogenesis neuroplasticity. Notably, application vitro resulted an upregulation cells, thereby remedying dysfunction. We demonstrate that activate via PINK1/Parkin pathway, improving reducing apoptosis. These findings suggest alleviate regulating pathway. reveals novel cell-derived therapy promoting neuroprotection their as approach for OS-associated CNS diseases, IS.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11
Опубликована: Июль 5, 2023
At present, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered key candidates for cell-free therapies, including treatment of allergic and autoimmune diseases. However, their therapeutic effectiveness, dependent on proper targeting to the desired cells, is significantly limited due reduced bioavailability resulting from rapid clearance by cells mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). Thus, developing strategies avoid EV elimination essential when applying them in clinical practice. On other hand, malfunctioning MPS contributes various immune-related pathologies. Therapeutic reversal these effects with EVs would be beneficial could achieved, example, modulating macrophage phenotype or regulating antigen presentation dendritic cells. Additionally, intended macrophages replication repackaging molecules into new vesicle subtype can allow specific appropriate populations acceptor Herein, we briefly discuss under-explored aspects MPS-EV interactions that undoubtedly require further research order accelerate use EVs.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
12
Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14
Опубликована: Март 8, 2023
The conventional therapeutic approaches to treat autoimmune diseases through suppressing the immune system, such as steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are not adequately practical. Moreover, these regimens associated with considerable complications. Designing tolerogenic strategies based on stem cells, their extracellular vesicles (EVs) seems open a promising path managing diseases’ vast burden. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), dendritic regulatory T (Tregs) main cell types applied restore status; MSCs play more beneficial role due amenable properties extensive cross-talks different cells. With existing concerns about employment of new cell-free paradigms, EV-based therapies, gaining attention in this field. Additionally, EVs’ unique have made them be known smart immunomodulators considered potential substitute for therapy. This review provides an overview advantages disadvantages cell-based methods treating diseases. study also presents outlook future EVs implemented clinics patients.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
11