Understanding the Role of Bacterial Biofilm in Antibiotic Resistance: Defensive Strategies and Clinical Challenges

IntechOpen eBooks, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 13, 2025

Bacterial biofilms significantly cause persistent exacerbation of infections in the clinical setting. These groups microorganisms are highly resistant to host immune responses and conventional antibiotic therapies, whereas they embedded an extracellular matrix. This chapter provides more detailed information on mechanism biofilm formation involving key stages adherence, maturation, spread, including composition structure a further explores how contribute resistance, physical barriers drug penetration, quorum sensing mechanisms, adaptive resistance strategies such as genetic adaptation, stress responses, persister cells. The role horizontal gene transfer spread within communities is also discussed. discusses challenges posed by biofilm-associated infections, focusing diagnosing treating chronic recurrent factors persistence, limitations current therapeutic options. Finally, we address emerging countermeasures counter mediated biofilms, enzymatic nanomedicine technologies, natural product-based inhibitors, inhibitory agents, photodynamic sonodynamic antimicrobial therapy, combinatorial therapies.

Язык: Английский

---

Tetracationic tetraaryltetranaphtho[2,3]porphyrins for photodynamic inactivation against Staphylococcus aureus biofilm

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 117558 - 117558

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

---

Antibacterial and Anticancer Potentials of Graphene-Silicon Nitride Nanomaterials-Enhanced Polymer Nanocomposites: Advanced Characterization and Optical Behavior Insights

Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

---

Photosensitizers as potential culprits for compensatory benefits of aPDT in the treatment of peri‐implantitis: Unraveling the fundamental knowledge and bounded clinical applications of the aPDT

Photochemistry and Photobiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 2, 2025

Abstract Peri‐implantitis is an inflammatory disease triggered by a dysbiotic biofilm on dental implants, leading to bone loss and potential implant failure. Although nonsurgical surgical treatments can reduce the process, high prevalence of peri‐implantitis suggests that these interventions are not always effective in arresting progression. This has prompted increased interest antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), which utilizes photosensitizers (PSs) activated light target bacterial infections. Despite promising benefits, aPDT yet achieved consistently favorable clinical outcomes. It may be due limitations current PSs, including restricted activation, insufficient tissue penetration, variable efficacy. Additionally, stability selectivity PSs crucial for their effectiveness against pathogenic bacteria. Variations delivery systems treatment protocols also contribute inconsistent results across studies. review will address challenges peri‐implantitis, critically analyzing shortcomings outlined existing literature. further explore chemical biological mechanisms providing insight into underlying causes limitations. Finally, we discuss improvements PS compounds could enhance therapeutic aPDT, offering new perspectives its role managing peri‐implantitis.

Язык: Английский

---

ROS generating BODIPY loaded nanoparticles for photodynamic eradication of biofilms

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Окт. 12, 2023

Bacterial biofilms can pose a serious health risk to humans and are less susceptible antibiotics disinfection than planktonic bacteria. Here, novel method for biofilm eradication based on antimicrobial photodynamic therapy utilizing nanoparticle in conjunction with BODIPY derivative as photosensitizer was developed. Reactive oxygen species generated upon illumination visible light lead strong, controllable persistent of both bacteria biofilms. One the biggest challenges is penetration agent into its matrix. A biocompatible hydrophilic utilized delivery system hydrophobic dye enabled accumulation within biofilm. This key feature delivering site action where it activated resulted effective all tested 3 bacterial that commonly form clinically relevant pathogenic were selected: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus mutans. The development this tool takes promising step towards new methods much needed treatment

Язык: Английский

---

Postbiotic mediators derived from Lactobacillus species enhance riboflavin-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for eradication of Streptococcus mutans planktonic and biofilm growth

BMC Oral Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(1)

Опубликована: Июль 24, 2024

Streptococcus mutans has been implicated as a primary causative agent of dental caries and one its important virulence properties is an ability to form biofilm on tooth surfaces. Thus, strategies prevent control S. biofilms are requested. The present study aimed examine the eradication planktonic cells using riboflavin (Rib)-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) enhanced by postbiotic mediators derived from Lactobacillus species.

Язык: Английский

---

What is the potential of antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal photodynamic therapy in dentistry?

Evidence-Based Dentistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Авг. 10, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Bactericidal Effect of Different Photochemical-Based Therapy Options on Implant Surfaces—An In Vitro Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(14), С. 4212 - 4212

Опубликована: Июль 19, 2024

Objectives: Photochemical systems are frequently recommended as an adjuvant treatment option in peri-implantitis therapy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate efficacy these options, well a novel curcumin-based option, biofilm model on implants. Methods: Eighty dental implants were inoculated with artificial periodontal pathogens and placed peri-implant pocket models. following groups analyzed: I, photodynamic therapy (PDT); II, PDT dye; III, curcumin/DMSO + laser; IV, only; V, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) VI, photothermal (PTT); VII, PTT VIII, control. After treatment, remaining bacterial loads assessed microbiologically using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Results: PDT, PTT, DMSO methods associated statistically significant (p < 0.05) improvements germ reduction comparison other untreated control group. mean percentage reductions follows: I (PDT) 93.9%, II (PDT dye) 62.9%, III (curcumin/DMSO laser) 74.8%, IV only) 67.9%, V 89.4%, VI (PTT) 86.8%, VII (PTT 66.3%. Conclusions: commercially available largest periopathogenic bacteria implant surfaces. However, activation laser light at suitable wavelength is necessary achieve bactericidal effects. use curcumin photosensitizer for 445 nm irradiation did not lead any improvement antibacterial rinsing solution alone.

Язык: Английский

---

Destruction of cariogenic biofilms by antimicrobial photodynamic therapy mediated by phycocyanin and toluidine blue along with sodium fluoride varnish or titanium tetrafluoride

Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 49, С. 104296 - 104296

Опубликована: Июль 28, 2024

Evaluation of the effect phycocyanin (PC) and toluidine blue (TBO) along with sodium fluoride varnish (FV) or titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) under conditions antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) on a dual-species cariogenic biofilm remineralization process. After development Streptococcus mutans Lactobacillus acidophilus biofilms human enamel disks, they were divided into 11 groups (n = 9): Control (0.9% saline), PC, TBO, FV, TiF4 alone, PC TBO in combination 635 nm diode laser (PDT treatment), PC-PDT+ (PC + FV laser), TBO-PDT+ (TBO laser). treatment, crystal violet assay was performed to determine reduction biofilms. Enamel changes analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) for calcium phosphorus (Ca/P) ratio. Only showed superior antibiofilm activity when applied. Furthermore, highest Ca/P ratio found after treatment surfaces TiF4-TBO-PDT+. The FESEM images that disks treated plus TBO-mediated PDT exhibited surface coating. However, PC-mediated cannot repair demineralized enamel. These data suggest TBO-PDT can effectively reduce significantly remineralize opening new avenues caries prevention.

Язык: Английский

---

Reduction of Multispecies Biofilms on an Acrylic Denture Base Model by Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Natural Photosensitizers

Pharmaceuticals, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(9), С. 1232 - 1232

Опубликована: Сен. 18, 2024

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy photodynamic therapy (PDT) using natural photosensitizers (curcumin, riboflavin, and phycocyanin) light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation against multispecies biofilms in an acrylic denture base model. Materials Methods: Forty-five specimens were fabricated heat-curing resin. then infected with a mixed culture bacterial fungal species (including Streptococcus mutans, sanguinis, Candida albicans, glabrata) for 4 days. discs divided into nine groups, each group containing five discs: control, 0.2% chlorhexidine, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, curcumin, phycocyanin alone or along LED. After treatment, number colony-forming units (CFUs) per milliliter was counted. In addition, extent biofilm degradation assessed crystal violet staining method scanning electron microscopy. Results: All experimental groups exhibited significant reduction colony numbers both compared control (p < 0.001). PDT statistically counts bacteria fungi photosensitizer-only groups. Conclusions: results vitro show that LED devices can effectively reduce viability eradicate microorganisms responsible causing infections.

Язык: Английский

---