International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
22(24), С. 13544 - 13544
Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2021
Two
classical
surgical
approaches
for
intraluminal
filament
middle
cerebral
artery
occlusion
(MCAO),
the
Longa
et
al.
(LM)
and
Koizumi
methods
(KM),
are
used
as
alternatives
in
preclinical
studies
to
induce
stroke
rodents.
Comparisons
of
these
MCAO
models
mice
showed
critical
differences
between
them
along
with
similarities
(Smith
2015;
Morris
2016).
In
this
study,
a
direct
comparison
MCAO-KM
MCAO-LM
rats
was
performed.
Three
days
after
MCAO,
infarct
volume,
mortality
rate,
neurological
deficit,
weight
loss
were
similar
models.
an
increase
ACTH
levels,
while
demonstrated
elevated
corticosterone
interleukin-1β
blood
serum.
Corticosterone
accumulation
detected
frontal
cortex
(FC)
hippocampus
group.
IL1β
beta
increased
ipsilateral
group
decreased
contralateral
FC
rats.
Differences
revealed
suggest
that
release
well
hippocampal
is
more
expressed
rats,
predisposing
corticosterone-dependent
distant
neuroinflammatory
damage.
The
two
models,
particularly,
malfunction
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
axis,
should
be
considered
interpretation,
comparison,
translation
pre-clinical
experimental
results.
Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
16
Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2022
The
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus-2
(SARS-CoV-2)
has
caused
several
outbreaks
of
highly
contagious
diseases
worldwide.
symptoms
Coronavirus
Disease-19
(COVID-19)
have
been
closely
monitored
and
studied,
while
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
peripheral
(PNS)
lesions
induced
by
COVID-19
not
received
much
attention.
Currently,
patients
with
COVID-19-associated
encephalopathy
present
dizziness,
headache,
anxiety
depression,
stroke,
epileptic
seizures,
Guillain-Barre
(GBS),
demyelinating
disease.
exact
pathologic
basis
for
these
neurological
is
currently
known.
Rapid
mutation
SARS-CoV-2
genome
leads
to
appearance
variants
concern
(VOCs),
which
higher
infectivity
virulence.
Therefore,
this
narrative
review
will
focus
on
imaging
assessment
its
VOC.
There
an
increase
in
technologies,
such
as
[18F]fluorodeoxyglucose
positron
emission
tomography
(18F-FDG-PET)
functional
magnetic
resonance
(fMRI),
that
used
observe
changes
brain
microstructure
over
time
recovery.
Medical
pathological
approaches
aimed
at
exploring
associations
between
VOC,
cranial
nerve
abnormal
discharge
shed
light
rehabilitation
process
microstructural
related
SARS-CoV-2,
aid
future
research
our
understanding
treatment
prognosis
encephalopathy.
World Journal of Diabetes,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(7), С. 1430 - 1447
Опубликована: Июль 8, 2024
Diabetes
mellitus
(DM)
and
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
are
two
major
health
concerns
that
have
seen
a
rising
prevalence
worldwide.
Recent
studies
indicated
possible
link
between
DM
an
increased
risk
of
developing
AD.
Insulin,
while
primarily
known
for
its
role
in
regulating
blood
sugar,
also
plays
vital
protecting
brain
functions.
Insulin
resistance
(IR),
especially
prevalent
type
2
diabetes,
is
believed
to
play
significant
AD's
development.
When
insulin
signalling
becomes
dysfunctional,
it
can
negatively
affect
various
functions,
making
individuals
more
susceptible
defining
features,
such
as
the
buildup
beta-amyloid
plaques
tau
protein
tangles.
Emerging
research
suggests
addressing
insulin-related
issues
might
help
reduce
or
even
reverse
changes
linked
This
review
aims
explore
rela-tionship
AD,
with
focus
on
IR.
It
explores
molecular
mechanisms
by
which
IR
lead
assesses
current
treatments
target
Understanding
IR's
connection
AD
offers
new
possibilities
highlights
importance
continued
this
interdisciplinary
field.
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
16
Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2022
Processing
of
contextual
information
during
a
new
episodic
event
is
crucial
for
learning
and
memory.
Neuromodulation
in
the
hippocampus
prefrontal
cortex
plays
an
important
role
formation
associations
between
environmental
cues
aversive
experience.
Noradrenergic
neurons
locus
coeruleus
send
dense
projections
to
both
regions,
but
their
contribution
associative
has
not
been
established.
Here,
we
utilize
selective
optogenetic
pharmacological
manipulations
control
noradrenergic
transmission
encoding
fear
We
find
that
boosting
terminal
release
dorsal
CA1
enhances
acquisition
this
effect
requires
local
activation
β-adrenenergic
receptors.
Moreover,
show
increasing
norepinephrine
can
ameliorate
impairments
caused
by
dopaminergic
dysregulation
hippocampus.
Our
data
suggest
hippocampal
activity
have
implications
treatment
cognitive
disorders
involve
problems
processing.
Background:
Early
life
stress
can
cause
cognitive
impairment
in
aged
offspring.
Environmental
enrichment
(EE)
is
considered
to
be
an
effective
non-pharmacological
treatment
for
improving
decline.
The
aim
of
this
research
was
evaluate
the
effect
EE,
on
offspring
induced
by
maternal
sleep
deprivation
(MSD)
and
underlying
mechanisms
involved
investigate
its
potential
value
clinical
practice.
Methods:
CD-1
damns
were
subjected
or
not
during
late
gestation.
Twenty-one
days
after
birth,
assigned
standard
EE
cages.
At
18
months-old,
learning
memory
function
mice
evaluated
using
Morris
water
maze.
hippocampal
prefrontal
cortical
levels
protein,
gene,
proinflammation
cytokines,
oxidative
indicators
examined
Western
blot,
real-time
polymerase
chain
reaction,
enzyme
linked
immunosorbent
assay,
biochemical
assays.
Results:
Offspring
MSD
group
exhibited
declined
abilities
compared
with
control
animals.
Moreover,
Sirtuin1
(Sirt1),
peroxisome
proliferator-activated
receptor-gamma
coactivator-1
alpha
(PGC-1α),
postsynaptic
density
protein-95,
synaptophysin
lower
those
cytokines
higher
group;
meanwhile,
superoxide
dismutase
content
malondialdehyde
reactive
oxygen
species
contents
lower.
However,
these
deleterious
changes
ameliorated
exposure
EE.
Conclusions:
attenuates
MSD-induced
impairment,
stress,
neuroinflammation
reverses
reduction
synaptic
protein
via
Sirt1/PGC-1α
pathway.
Translational Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(1)
Опубликована: Май 28, 2024
Abstract
Recent
research
shows
that
videogame
training
enhances
neuronal
plasticity
and
cognitive
improvements
in
healthy
individuals.
As
patients
with
schizophrenia
exhibit
reduced
linked
to
deficits
symptoms,
we
investigated
whether
videogame-related
changes
extend
this
population.
In
a
study,
controls
were
randomly
assigned
3D
or
2D
platformer
E-book
reading
(active
control)
for
8
weeks,
30
min
daily.
After
training,
both
conditions
showed
significant
increases
sustained
attention
compared
the
control
condition,
correlated
increased
functional
connectivity
hippocampal-prefrontal
network.
Notably,
trained
videogames
mostly
improved
negative
general
psychopathology,
perceived
mental
health
recovery.
Videogames,
incorporating
initiative,
goal
setting
gratification,
offer
approach
closer
real
life
than
current
psychiatric
treatments.
Our
results
provide
initial
evidence
they
may
represent
possible
adjunct
therapeutic
intervention
complex
disorders.
