Brain Imaging Changes in Patients Recovered From COVID-19: A Narrative Review

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 22, 2022

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused several outbreaks of highly contagious diseases worldwide. symptoms Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) have been closely monitored and studied, while the central nervous system (CNS) peripheral (PNS) lesions induced by COVID-19 not received much attention. Currently, patients with COVID-19-associated encephalopathy present dizziness, headache, anxiety depression, stroke, epileptic seizures, Guillain-Barre (GBS), demyelinating disease. exact pathologic basis for these neurological is currently known. Rapid mutation SARS-CoV-2 genome leads to appearance variants concern (VOCs), which higher infectivity virulence. Therefore, this narrative review will focus on imaging assessment its VOC. There an increase in technologies, such as [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) functional magnetic resonance (fMRI), that used observe changes brain microstructure over time recovery. Medical pathological approaches aimed at exploring associations between VOC, cranial nerve abnormal discharge shed light rehabilitation process microstructural related SARS-CoV-2, aid future research our understanding treatment prognosis encephalopathy.

Language: Английский

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Insulin resistance as the molecular link between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease

World Journal of Diabetes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(7), P. 1430 - 1447

Published: July 8, 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two major health concerns that have seen a rising prevalence worldwide. Recent studies indicated possible link between DM an increased risk of developing AD. Insulin, while primarily known for its role in regulating blood sugar, also plays vital protecting brain functions. Insulin resistance (IR), especially prevalent type 2 diabetes, is believed to play significant AD's development. When insulin signalling becomes dysfunctional, it can negatively affect various functions, making individuals more susceptible defining features, such as the buildup beta-amyloid plaques tau protein tangles. Emerging research suggests addressing insulin-related issues might help reduce or even reverse changes linked This review aims explore rela-tionship AD, with focus on IR. It explores molecular mechanisms by which IR lead assesses current treatments target Understanding IR's connection AD offers new possibilities highlights importance continued this interdisciplinary field.

Language: Английский

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An enriched environment ameliorates maternal sleep deprivation-induced cognitive impairment in aged mice by improving mitochondrial function via the Sirt1/PGC-1α pathway

Aging, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 16, 2024

Background: Early life stress can cause cognitive impairment in aged offspring. Environmental enrichment (EE) is considered to be an effective non-pharmacological treatment for improving decline. The aim of this research was evaluate the effect EE, on offspring induced by maternal sleep deprivation (MSD) and underlying mechanisms involved investigate its potential value clinical practice. Methods: CD-1 damns were subjected or not during late gestation. Twenty-one days after birth, assigned standard EE cages. At 18 months-old, learning memory function mice evaluated using Morris water maze. hippocampal prefrontal cortical levels protein, gene, proinflammation cytokines, oxidative indicators examined Western blot, real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, biochemical assays. Results: Offspring MSD group exhibited declined abilities compared with control animals. Moreover, Sirtuin1 (Sirt1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), postsynaptic density protein-95, synaptophysin lower those cytokines higher group; meanwhile, superoxide dismutase content malondialdehyde reactive oxygen species contents lower. However, these deleterious changes ameliorated exposure EE. Conclusions: attenuates MSD-induced impairment, stress, neuroinflammation reverses reduction synaptic protein via Sirt1/PGC-1α pathway.

Language: Английский

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Activation of a Locus Coeruleus to Dorsal Hippocampus Noradrenergic Circuit Facilitates Associative Learning

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 15, 2022

Processing of contextual information during a new episodic event is crucial for learning and memory. Neuromodulation in the hippocampus prefrontal cortex plays an important role formation associations between environmental cues aversive experience. Noradrenergic neurons locus coeruleus send dense projections to both regions, but their contribution associative has not been established. Here, we utilize selective optogenetic pharmacological manipulations control noradrenergic transmission encoding fear We find that boosting terminal release dorsal CA1 enhances acquisition this effect requires local activation β-adrenenergic receptors. Moreover, show increasing norepinephrine can ameliorate impairments caused by dopaminergic dysregulation hippocampus. Our data suggest hippocampal activity have implications treatment cognitive disorders involve problems processing.

Language: Английский

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Addictive drugs modify neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity to impair memory formation through neurotransmitter imbalances and signaling dysfunction

Neurochemistry International, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 169, P. 105572 - 105572

Published: July 7, 2023

Language: Английский

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Characterization of apathy-like behaviors in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Neurobiology of Aging, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 126, P. 113 - 122

Published: March 2, 2023

Language: Английский

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Brain disorders: Impact of mild SARS-CoV-2 may shrink several parts of the brain

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 149, P. 105150 - 105150

Published: March 31, 2023

Language: Английский

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Videogame training increases clinical well-being, attention and hippocampal-prefrontal functional connectivity in patients with schizophrenia

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: May 28, 2024

Abstract Recent research shows that videogame training enhances neuronal plasticity and cognitive improvements in healthy individuals. As patients with schizophrenia exhibit reduced linked to deficits symptoms, we investigated whether videogame-related changes extend this population. In a study, controls were randomly assigned 3D or 2D platformer E-book reading (active control) for 8 weeks, 30 min daily. After training, both conditions showed significant increases sustained attention compared the control condition, correlated increased functional connectivity hippocampal-prefrontal network. Notably, trained videogames mostly improved negative general psychopathology, perceived mental health recovery. Videogames, incorporating initiative, goal setting gratification, offer approach closer real life than current psychiatric treatments. Our results provide initial evidence they may represent possible adjunct therapeutic intervention complex disorders.

Language: Английский

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Serotonergic neuromodulation of synaptic plasticity

Neuropharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 257, P. 110036 - 110036

Published: June 12, 2024

Language: Английский

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Maternal fluoxetine impairs synaptic transmission and plasticity in the medial prefrontal cortex and alters the structure and function of dorsal raphe nucleus neurons in offspring mice

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 244, P. 173849 - 173849

Published: Aug. 13, 2024

Selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly prescribed to women during pregnancy and breastfeeding despite posing a risk of adverse cognitive outcomes affective disorders for the child. The consequences SSRI-induced excess 5-HT development brain neuromodulatory system remain largely unexplored. In this study, an SSRI - fluoxetine (FLX) was administered C57BL/6 J mouse dams lactation assess its effects on offspring. We found that maternal FLX decreased field potentials, impaired long-term potentiation, facilitated depression tended increase density 5-HTergic fibers in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) female but not male adolescent These were accompanied by deteriorated performance temporal order memory task reduced sucrose preference with no change marble burying behavior FLX-exposed also axodendritic tree complexity dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) neurons offspring, changes excitability DRN either sex. While inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) found, we observed significant influence exposure kinetics spontaneous excitatory (sEPSCs) neurons. Finally, report potentials synaptic plasticity evident mPFC offspring after new antidepressant, vortioxetine. findings show contrast mPFC, structure function mild suggest sex-dependent, distinct sensitivity cortical brainstem early life. Vortioxetine appears exert fewer side regards when compared FLX. Created BioRender.com • Maternal alters cortex. increases innervation reduces more pronounced females than males. vortioxetine does alter plasticity.

Language: Английский

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