Neuroactive compounds in foods: Occurrence, mechanism and potential health effects

Food Research International, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 128, С. 108744 - 108744

Опубликована: Ноя. 2, 2019

Язык: Английский

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A Randomized Clinical Trial of Fecal Microbiota Transplant for Alcohol Use Disorder

Hepatology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 73(5), С. 1688 - 1700

Опубликована: Авг. 4, 2020

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with microbial alterations that worsen cirrhosis. Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) could be a promising approach.In this phase 1, double-blind, randomized clinical trial, patients AUD-related cirrhosis problem drinking (AUDIT-10 > 8) were 1:1 into receiving one placebo or FMT enema from donor enriched in Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae. Six-month safety was the primary outcome. craving questionnaire, alcohol consumption (urinary ethylglucuronide/creatinine), quality of life, cognition, serum IL-6 lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, plasma/stool short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), stool tested at baseline day 15. A 6-month follow-up serious adverse event (SAE) analysis performed. Twenty (65 ± 6.4 years, all men, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease 8.9 2.7) similar demographics, cirrhosis, AUD severity included. Craving reduced significantly 90% versus 30% 15 (P = 0.02) lower urinary ethylglucuronide/creatinine 0.03) improved cognition psychosocial life. There reduction protein increased butyrate/isobutyrate compared but not placebo. Microbial diversity higher Ruminococcaceae other SCFAs, producing taxa following placebo, which linked SCFA levels. At 6 months, any SAEs (8 vs. 2, P 0.02), (7 SAEs/patient (median [interquartile range], 1.5 [1.25] 0 [0.25] FMT, FMT.This 1 trial shows safe short-term favorable changes alcohol-associated misuse. also events over months assigned to FMT.

Язык: Английский

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Fecal microbiota transplantation in disease therapy

Clinica Chimica Acta, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 503, С. 90 - 98

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Brain-gut axis dysfunction in the pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury

Journal of Clinical Investigation, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 131(12)

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2021

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a chronic and progressive disease, management requires an understanding of both the primary neurological secondary sequelae that affect peripheral organs, including gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The brain-gut axis composed bidirectional pathways through which TBI-induced neuroinflammation neurodegeneration impact gut function. resulting dysautonomia systemic inflammation contribute to GI events, dysmotility increased mucosal permeability. These effects shape, are shaped by, changes in microbiota composition activation resident recruited immune cells. Microbial products cell mediators turn modulate activity. Importantly, enteric inflammatory challenges prolong worsen neuropathology neurobehavioral deficits. importance communication maintaining homeostasis highlights it as viable therapeutic target for TBI. Currently, treatments directed toward dysautonomia, dysbiosis, and/or offer most promise.

Язык: Английский

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Role of Gut Microbiota in Neuroendocrine Regulation of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism via the Microbiota-Gut-Brain-Liver Axis

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 8(4), С. 527 - 527

Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2020

Gut microbiota play an important role in maintaining intestinal health and are involved the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids. Recent studies have shown that central nervous system (CNS) enteric (ENS) can interact with gut to regulate nutrient metabolism. The vagal nerve communicates between CNS ENS control gastrointestinal tract functions feeding behavior. Vagal afferent neurons also express receptors for peptides secreted from enteroendocrine cells (EECs), such as cholecystokinin (CCK), ghrelin, leptin, peptide tyrosine (PYY), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; serotonin). levels these influence pathway thus via microbiota-gut-brain axis. In addition, bile acids, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), Immunoglobulin A (IgA) exert metabolic through microbiota-gut-liver This review is mainly focused on neuroendocrine regulation microbiota-gut-brain-liver

Язык: Английский

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The microbiota–gut–brain axis: pathways to better brain health. Perspectives on what we know, what we need to investigate and how to put knowledge into practice

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 79(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2022

Abstract The gut and brain link via various metabolic signalling pathways, each with the potential to influence mental, cognitive health. Over past decade, involvement of microbiota in gut–brain communication has become focus increased scientific interest, establishing microbiota–gut–brain axis as a field research. There is growing number association studies exploring microbiota’s possible role memory, learning, anxiety, stress, neurodevelopmental neurodegenerative disorders. Consequently, attention now turning how can target nutritional therapeutic strategies for improved health well-being. However, while such that function are currently under development varying levels success, still very little yet known about triggers mechanisms underlying apparent on or most evidence comes from pre-clinical rather than well controlled clinical trials/investigations. Filling knowledge gaps requires standardised methodology human studies, including strong guidance specific areas axis, need more extensive biological sample analyses, identification relevant biomarkers. Other urgent requirements new advanced models vitro vivo mechanisms, greater omics technologies supporting bioinformatics resources (training, tools) efficiently translate study findings, targets populations. key building validated base rely increasing sharing multi-disciplinary collaborations, along continued public–private funding support. This will allow research move its next phase so we identify realistic opportunities modulate better

Язык: Английский

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Gut dysbiosis, defective autophagy and altered immune responses in neurodegenerative diseases: Tales of a vicious cycle

Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 231, С. 107988 - 107988

Опубликована: Сен. 16, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Mental health and periodontal and peri‐implant diseases

Periodontology 2000, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 90(1), С. 106 - 124

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2022

Abstract Mental health disorders, particularly depression and anxiety, affect a significant number of the global population. Several pathophysiological pathways for these disorders have been identified, including hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis, autonomic nervous system, immune system. In addition, life events, environmental factors, lifestyle onset, progression, recurrence mental disorders. These may all overlap with periodontal and/or peri‐implant disease. are associated more severe disease and, in some cases, poorer healing outcomes to nonsurgical therapy. They can result behavior modification, such as poor oral hygiene practices, tobacco smoking, alcohol abuse, which also risk factors therefore, contributory effect. Stress has immunomodulatory effects regulating cell numbers function, well proinflammatory cytokine production. markers cortisol catecholamines modulate bacterial growth expression virulence factors. accompanied by low‐grade chronic inflammation that be involved their relationship vice versa. Although gut microbiome interacting central system (gut‐brain axis) is thought play role illness, less understood about microbiome. The evidence on implant lacking, but mainly through behaviourial changes. Through lack compliance withoral maintenance visits, affected. Increased smoking outcomes. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors linked higher failure. an anabolic effect bone, reducing turnover, could account increased loss.

Язык: Английский

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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as New Therapeutic Avenue for Human Diseases

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(14), С. 4119 - 4119

Опубликована: Июль 15, 2022

The human body is home to a variety of micro-organisms. Most these microbial communities reside in the gut and are referred as microbiota. Over last decades, compelling evidence showed that number pathologies associated with microbiota dysbiosis, thereby suggesting reinstatement physiological microflora balance composition might ameliorate clinical symptoms. Among possible microbiota-targeted interventions, pre/pro-biotics supplementations were shown provide effective results, but main limitation remains limited species available probiotics. Differently, fecal transplantation involves solution matter from donor into intestinal tract recipient order directly change recipient’s aiming confer health benefit. Firstly used 4th century traditional Chinese medicine, nowadays, it has been exploited so far treat recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections, accumulating data coming trials clearly indicate may also carry therapeutic potential for other conditions ranging gastrointestinal liver diseases, cancer inflammatory, infectious, autoimmune diseases brain disorders, obesity, metabolic syndrome. In this review, we will summarize commonly preparation delivery methods, comprehensively review obtained different discuss variability results pivotal importance selection. final aim stimulate discussion open new perspectives among experts use not only infection one first strategies be conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Role of Inflammatory Mechanisms in Major Depressive Disorder: From Etiology to Potential Pharmacological Targets

Cells, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(5), С. 423 - 423

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2024

The involvement of central and peripheral inflammation in the pathogenesis prognosis major depressive disorder (MDD) has been demonstrated. increase pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α) individuals with depression may elicit neuroinflammatory processes inflammation, mechanisms that, turn, can contribute to gut microbiota dysbiosis. Together, neuroinflammation dysbiosis induce alterations tryptophan metabolism, culminating decreased serotonin synthesis, impairments neuroplasticity-related mechanisms, glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity. This review aims highlight inflammatory (neuroinflammation, dysbiosis) involved pathophysiology MDD explore novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches for this psychiatric disturbance. Several lines evidence have indicated that addition antidepressants, physical exercise, probiotics, nutraceuticals (agmatine, ascorbic acid, vitamin D) possess effects their antidepressant properties. Further studies are necessary benefits these alternative therapies MDD.

Язык: Английский

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