What defines a healthy gut microbiome?

Gut, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 73(11), С. 1893 - 1908

Опубликована: Сен. 25, 2024

The understanding that changes in microbiome composition can influence chronic human diseases and the efficiency of therapies has driven efforts to develop microbiota-centred such as first next generation probiotics, prebiotics postbiotics, microbiota editing faecal transplantation. Central research is how disease impacts vice versa, yet there a problematic issue with term 'dysbiosis', which broadly links microbial imbalances various illnesses without precision or definition. Another significant discussions defining 'healthy individuals' ascertain what characterises healthy microbiome. This involves questioning who represents healthiest segment our population-whether it those free from illnesses, athletes at peak performance, individuals living healthily through regular exercise good nutrition even elderly adults centenarians have been tested by time achieved remarkable longevity.This review advocates for delineating 'what defines microbiome?' considering broader range factors related health environmental influences on microbiota. A undoubtedly linked gut health. Nevertheless, very difficult pinpoint universally accepted definition 'gut health' due complexities measuring functionality besides composition. We must take into account individual variabilities, diet, lifestyle, host factors. Moreover, challenge distinguishing causation correlation between overall presented.The also highlights resource-heavy nature comprehensive assessments, hinders their practicality broad application. Finally, we call continued nuanced approach better understand intricate evolving concept health, emphasising need more precise inclusive definitions methodologies studying

Язык: Английский

---

Fermented foods: Harnessing their potential to modulate the microbiota-gut-brain axis for mental health

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 158, С. 105562 - 105562

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2024

Over the past two decades, whole food supplementation strategies have been leveraged to target mental health. In addition, there has increasing attention on ability of gut microbes, so called psychobiotics, positively impact behaviour though microbiota-gut-brain axis. Fermented foods offer themselves as a combined microbiota modulating intervention. Indeed, they contain potentially beneficial microbial metabolites and other bioactives, which are being harnessed axis for positive benefits. This review highlights diverse nature fermented in terms raw materials used type fermentation employed, summarises their potential shape composition microbiota, brain communication pathways including immune system and, ultimately, modulate Throughout, we identify knowledge gaps challenges faced designing human studies investigating health-promoting individual or components thereof. Importantly, also suggest solutions that can advance understanding therapeutic merit

Язык: Английский

---

Chemistry, bioavailability, bioactivity, nutritional aspects and human health benefits of polyphenols: A comprehensive review

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 277, С. 134223 - 134223

Опубликована: Июль 29, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Molecular crosstalk between polyphenols and gut microbiota in cancer prevention

Nutrition Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 124, С. 21 - 42

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Short term supplementation with cranberry extract modulates gut microbiota in human and displays a bifidogenic effect

npj Biofilms and Microbiomes, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Март 6, 2024

Abstract Cranberry is associated with multiple health benefits, which are mostly attributed to its high content of (poly)phenols, particularly flavan-3-ols. However, clinical trials attempting demonstrate these positive effects have yielded heterogeneous results, partly due the inter-individual variability gut microbiota interaction molecules. In fact, several studies demonstrated ability molecules modulate in animal and vitro models, but there a scarcity information human subjects. addition, it has been recently reported that cranberry also contains concentrations oligosaccharides, could contribute bioactivity. Hence, aim this study was fully characterize (poly)phenolic oligosaccharidic contents commercially available extract evaluate capacity positively 28 After only four days, (poly)phenols oligosaccharides-rich extract, induced strong bifidogenic effect, along an increase abundance butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Clostridium Anaerobutyricum . Plasmatic fecal short-chain fatty acids profiles were altered by decrease acetate ratio butyrate ratio. Finally, variability, we stratified participants according alterations observed following supplementation. Interestingly, individuals having characterized presence Prevotella benefited from Faecalibacterium

Язык: Английский

---

A review on probiotics and dietary bioactives: Insights on metabolic well-being, gut microbiota, and inflammatory responses

Food Chemistry Advances, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 6, С. 100919 - 100919

Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2025

Язык: Английский

---

Structure and function of non-digestible carbohydrates in the gut microbiome

Beneficial Microbes, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(2), С. 95 - 168

Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2022

Together with proteins and fats, carbohydrates are one of the macronutrients in human diet. Digestible carbohydrates, such as starch, starch-based products, sucrose, lactose, glucose some sugar alcohols unusual (and fairly rare) α-linked glucans, directly provide us energy while other including high molecular weight polysaccharides, mainly from plant cell walls, dietary fibre. Carbohydrates which efficiently digested small intestine not available appreciable quantities to act substrates for gut bacteria. Some oligo- many also fibres, resistant digestion intestines enter colon where they complex bacterial ecosystem that resides there. This review will focus on these non-digestible (NDC) examine their impact microbiota physiological impact. Of particular be potential prebiotics, but evaluate direct effects NDC cells systems.

Язык: Английский

---

Ellagitannins, urolithins, and neuroprotection: Human evidence and the possible link to the gut microbiota

Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 89, С. 101109 - 101109

Опубликована: Авг. 5, 2022

Ellagitannins (ETs) and ellagic acid (EA) are dietary polyphenols poorly absorbed but extensively metabolized by the human gut microbiota to produce different urolithins (Uros). Depending on individuals' microbial signatures, ETs metabolism can yield Uro metabotypes A, B, or 0, potentially impacting health after consuming ETs. Human evidence points improved brain ET-rich foods, mainly pomegranate juices extracts containing punicalagin, punicalin, EA-derivatives. Although (or) EA necessary exert effects, precise mechanism, actual metabolites, final drivers responsible for observed effects have not been unraveled. The cause-and-effect Uro-A administration improvement of animal is consistent addressed in humans. Uro-A's vivo anti-inflammatory, mitophagy, autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis activities suggest it as a possible driver neuroprotection. However, metabolic forms reaching unknown. In addition participation direct effectors tissues, current out that improving blood flow, ecology, barrier foods could contribute neuroprotective effects. We show here health, link between their including preservation integrity, role Uros. Finally, we propose roadmap address what missing ETs, Uros,

Язык: Английский

---

Potential roles of gut microbes in biotransformation of natural products: An overview

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Сен. 29, 2022

Natural products have been extensively applied in clinical practice, characterized by multi-component and multi-target, many pharmacodynamic substances, complex action mechanisms, various physiological activities. For the oral administration of natural products, gut microbiota efficacy are closely related, but this relationship remains unclear. Gut microbes play an important role transformation utilization caused diversity enzyme systems. Effective components such as flavonoids, alkaloids, lignans, phenols cannot be metabolized directly through human digestive enzymes can transformed produced microorganisms then utilized. Therefore, focus is paid to metabolism microbiota. In present study, we systematically reviewed studies about their effect on biotransformation highlighted involved common bacteria, reaction types, pharmacological actions, research methods. This study aims provide theoretical support for application prevention treatment diseases new ideas studying based biotransformation.

Язык: Английский

---

Medicinal Plants and Their Impact on the Gut Microbiome in Mental Health: A Systematic Review

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(10), С. 2111 - 2111

Опубликована: Май 18, 2022

Various neurocognitive and mental health-related conditions have been associated with the gut microbiome, implicating a microbiome-gut-brain axis (MGBA). The aim of this systematic review was to identify, categorize, clinical evidence supporting medicinal plants for treatment disorders studies on their interactions microbiota.This included which depression, sleeping disorders, anxiety, or cognitive dysfunction as well scientific interaction microbiome were available. reported using Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement.Eighty-five met inclusion criteria covered thirty data microbiome.Only few specifically designed assess how herbal preparations affect MGBA-related targets pathways. However, many provide hints possible MGBA, such an increased abundance health-beneficial microorganisms, anti-inflammatory effects, pathway effects by microbial metabolites. Data Panax ginseng, Schisandra chinensis, Salvia rosmarinus indicate that constituents microbiota could mediate health benefits. Studies assessing pathways are still required most plants.

Язык: Английский

---