Neuroprotective Potentials of Flavonoids: Experimental Studies and Mechanisms of Action

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(2), С. 280 - 280

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2023

Neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, particularly those related to aging, are on the rise, but drug therapies rarely curative. Functional disorders organic degeneration of nervous tissue often have complex causes, in which phenomena oxidative stress, inflammation cytotoxicity intertwined. For these reasons, search for natural substances that can slow down or counteract pathologies has increased rapidly over last two decades. In this paper, studies neuroprotective effects flavonoids (especially most widely used, hesperidin quercetin) animal models depression, neurotoxicity, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) Parkinson’s reviewed. The literature topics amounts a few hundred publications vitro vivo (notably rodents) provides us with very detailed picture action mechanisms targets substances. These include decrease enzymes produce reactive oxygen ferroptosis, inhibition mono-amine oxidases, stimulation Nrf2/ARE system, induction brain-derived neurotrophic factor production and, case AD, prevention amyloid-beta aggregation. neuroinflammatory processes been documented as cytokine formation (mainly TNF-alpha IL-1beta) by microglia astrocytes, modulating number regulatory proteins such Nf-kB NLRP3/inflammasome. Although clinical trials humans still scarce, preclinical allow consider hesperidin, quercetin, other interesting safe dietary molecules be further investigated complementary treatments order prevent diseases moderate their deleterious effects.

Язык: Английский

---

A critical review on quercetin bioflavonoid and its derivatives: Scope, synthesis, and biological applications with future prospects

Arabian Journal of Chemistry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16(8), С. 104881 - 104881

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2023

Lifestyle is an important factor in health, and researchers are trying to see the adverse effect on human health of a change lifestyle. Many people follow unhealthy lifestyles, which affect physical mental health. Millions suffer from various problems like cardiovascular disease, overweight, malnutrition, hypertension, stress, violence, etc. There many medicines that can cure these diseases, but they have side effects. When man consumes green leaves vegetables his diet, chances reducing risk any disease increase. Every plant has primary secondary metabolites. Flavonoid metabolite found plants plays role survival by performing physiological activities being able withstand effects environment. Quercetin one such bioflavonoid plants, onions, citrus fruits, parsley, It comes under category flavone, with five hydroxy groups chromen-4-one skeletal structure. applications, include anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, However, use quercetin limited due its poor bioavailability, aqueous solubility, lower stability gastrointestinal tract, first-pass effect. To enhance application quercetin, derivatives metal complex required water soluble, helps them reach target site without provides stability. This review divided into three main sections: The first section explains about flavonoids their types; second methods synthesis, derivatives, complex; last represents complete applications drawbacks how overcome or deal drawbacks.

Язык: Английский

---

Unravelling the complexities of depression with medical intelligence: exploring the interplay of genetics, hormones, and brain function

Complex & Intelligent Systems, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(4), С. 5883 - 5915

Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2024

Abstract Depression is a multifactorial disease with unknown etiology affecting globally. It’s the second most significant reason for infirmity in 2020, about 50 million people worldwide, 80% living developing nations. Recently, surge depression research has been witnessed, resulting multitude of emerging techniques developed prediction, evaluation, detection, classification, localization, and treatment. The main purpose this study to determine volume conducted on different aspects such as genetics, proteins, hormones, oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, associations other mental disorders like anxiety stress using traditional medical intelligence (medical AI). In addition, it also designs comprehensive survey treatment planning, genetic predisposition, along future recommendations. This work designed through methods, including systematic mapping process, literature review, network visualization. we used VOSviewer software some authentic databases Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, Web Science data collection, analysis, designing picture study. We analyzed 60 articles related intelligence, 47 from machine learning 513,767 subjects (mean ± SD = 10,931.212 35,624.372) 13 deep 37,917 3159.75 6285.57). Additionally, found that stressors impact brain's cognitive autonomic functioning, increased production catecholamine, decreased cholinergic glucocorticoid activity, cortisol. These factors lead chronic inflammation hinder normal leading depression, anxiety, cardiovascular disorders. brain, reactive oxygen species (ROS) by IL-6 stimulation cytochrome c oxidase inhibited nitric oxide, potent inhibitor. Proteins, lipids, phosphorylation enzymes, mtDNA are further disposed impairment mitochondria. Consequently, dysfunction exacerbates impairs DNA (mtDNA) or deletions mtDNA, increases intracellular Ca 2+ levels, changes fission/fusion morphology, lastly leads neuronal death. highlights multidisciplinary approaches intelligence. It will open new way technologies.

Язык: Английский

---

New insights into the role and mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg1 in the management of Alzheimer’s disease

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 152, С. 113207 - 113207

Опубликована: Июнь 3, 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly characterized by memory loss and cognitive dysfunction. The pathogenesis of AD complex. One-targeted anti-AD drugs usually fail to delay progression. Traditional Chinese medicine records have documented use roots Panax ginseng (ginseng roots) its prescriptions treat dementia. Ginsenoside Rg1, main ginsenoside component roots, exhibits certain therapeutic effect abovementioned diseases, suggesting potential management AD. Therefore, we combed currently used drugs, reviewed availability, pharmacokinetics, pharmaceutic studies Rg1. This review summarizes effects mechanisms Rg1 deglycosylated derivatives vivo vitro. include improvement Aβ Tau pathologies, regulation synaptic function intestinal microflora, reduction inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis. underlying mainly involve PKC, MAPK, PI3K/Akt, CDK5, GSK-3β, BDNF/TrkB, PKA/CREB, FGF2/Akt, p21WAF1/CIP1, NF-κB, NLRP1, TLR3, TLR4 signaling pathways. As on not been systematically reviewed, provided comprehensive shed light future directions utilization as well development drugs.

Язык: Английский

---

Antidepressant Potential of Quercetin and its Glycoside Derivatives: A Comprehensive Review and Update

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2022

Depression is a global health problem with growing prevalence rates and serious impacts on the daily life of patients. However, side effects currently used antidepressants greatly reduce compliance Quercetin flavonol present in fruits, vegetables, Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has been proved to have various pharmacological such as anti-depressant, anti-cancer, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective. This review summarizes evidence for application quercetin treat depression. We clarified mechanisms regulating levels neurotransmitters, promoting regeneration hippocampal neurons, improving hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction, reducing inflammatory states anti-oxidative stress. also summarized antidepressant some glycoside derivatives provide reference further research clinical application.

Язык: Английский

---

The therapeutic effects of saikosaponins on depression through the modulation of neuroplasticity: From molecular mechanisms to potential clinical applications

Pharmacological Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 201, С. 107090 - 107090

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2024

Depression is a major global health issue that urgently requires innovative and precise treatment options. In this context, saikosaponin has emerged as promising candidate, offering variety of therapeutic benefits may be effective in combating depression. This review delves into the multifaceted potential saikosaponins alleviating depressive symptoms. We summarized effects on structural functional neuroplasticity, elaborated regulatory mechanism modulating key factors affect such inflammation, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, oxidative stress, brain-gut axis. Moreover, paper highlights existing gaps current researches outlines directions for future studies. A detailed plan provided clinical application saikosaponins, advocating more targeted to speed up its transition from preclinical trials practice.

Язык: Английский

---

Co-decoction of Lilii bulbus and Radix Rehmannia Recens and its key bioactive ingredient verbascoside inhibit neuroinflammation and intestinal permeability associated with chronic stress-induced depression via the gut microbiota-brain axis

Phytomedicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 129, С. 155510 - 155510

Опубликована: Март 11, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Lepidium meyenii Walp (Maca)‐derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate depression by promoting 5‐HT synthesis via the modulation of gut–brain axis

iMeta, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 2(3)

Опубликована: Июнь 4, 2023

Abstract Depression is a common and debilitating condition for which effective treatments are needed. Lepidium meyenii Walp (Maca) plant with potential medicinal effects in treating depression. Recently, there has been growing interest plant‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) due to their low toxicity ability transport human cells. Targeting the gut–brain axis, novel strategy depression management, may be achieved through use of Maca‐derived EVs (Maca‐EVs). In this study, we successfully isolated Maca‐EVs using gradient ultracentrifugation characterized shape, size, markers (CD63 TSG101). The vivo imaging showed that Dil‐labeled crossed brain–blood barrier accumulated brain. behavioral tests revealed dramatically recovered depression‐like behaviors unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) mice. UCMS mice fecal were by an elevated abundance g_Enterococcus , g_Lactobacillus g_Escherichia_Shigella significantly restored administration Maca‐EVs. on altered microbial metabolites mapped biotin, pyrimidine, amino acid (tyrosine, alanine, aspartate, glutamate) metabolisms, closely associated serotonin (5‐HT) production. able increase serum monoamine neurotransmitter levels mice, 5‐HT showing most significant changes. We further demonstrated improved expression brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, key regulator neuronal plasticity, its subsequent activation TrkB/p‐AKT signaling regulating GTP‐Cdc42/ERK pathway. These findings suggest enhance release, possibly modulating improve behavior. Our study sheds light approach treatment EVs.

Язык: Английский

---

Research progress on antidepressant effects and mechanisms of berberine

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2024

Depression, a global health problem with growing prevalence, brings serious impacts on the daily life of patients. However, antidepressants currently used in clinical are not perfectly effective, which greatly reduces compliance Berberine is natural quaternary alkaloid has been shown to have variety pharmacological effects, such as hypoglycemic, lipid-regulation, anti-cancer, antibacterial, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, and antidepressant. This review summarizes evidence applications berberine treating depression elucidates mechanisms regulating neurotransmitter levels, promoting regeneration hippocampal neurons, improving hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction, anti-oxidative stress, suppressing inflammatory status order provide reference for further research application berberine.

Язык: Английский

---

Identification of molecular targets of Hypericum perforatum in blood for major depressive disorder: a machine-learning pharmacological study

Chinese Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 9, 2024

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders worldwide. Hypericum perforatum (HP) a traditional herb that has been shown to have antidepressant effects, but its mechanism unclear. This study aims identify molecular targets HP for treatment MDD.

Язык: Английский

---