Oxidative Stress in Human Pathology and Aging: Molecular Mechanisms and Perspectives

Cells, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(3), С. 552 - 552

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2022

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are generated through various endogenous exogenous processes; however, they neutralized by enzymatic non-enzymatic antioxidants. An imbalance between the generation neutralization of oxidants results in progression to oxidative stress (OS), which turn gives rise diseases, disorders aging. The characteristics aging include progressive loss function tissues organs. theory explains that age-related functional losses due accumulation reactive (ROS), their subsequent damages tissue deformities. Moreover, diseases caused OS cardiovascular [CVDs], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, kidney neurodegenerative cancer. OS, induced ROS, is different antioxidants prevents cells, organs from damage. However, prolonged decreases content antioxidant status cells reducing activities reductants antioxidative enzymes pathological conditions. Therefore, aim present review discuss mechanism ROS-induced signaling age-associated complications mediated toxic manifestations order devise effective preventive curative natural therapeutic remedies.

Язык: Английский

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Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 9(9), С. 864 - 864

Опубликована: Сен. 14, 2020

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are subcellular messengers in signal transductions pathways with both beneficial and deleterious roles. ROS generated as a by-product of mitochondrial respiration or metabolism by specific enzymes such superoxide dismutases, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, peroxiredoxins, myeloperoxidases. Under physiological conditions, the low levels production equivalent to their detoxification, playing major role cellular signaling function. In pathological situations, particularly atherosclerosis hypertension, release exceeds endogenous antioxidant capacity, leading cell death. At cardiovascular levels, oxidative stress is highly implicated myocardial infarction, ischemia/reperfusion, heart failure. Here, we will first detail vessels. Indeed, able regulate multiple functions, proliferation, migration, Second, investigate implication diseases. Then, focus on produced NAPDH oxidase during endothelial dysfunction. Given importance at level, therapies could be real benefit. last part this review, new therapeutic strategies potentially involved protection currently under study.

Язык: Английский

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Pharmacological Properties of Chalcones: A Review of Preclinical Including Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2021

Chalcones are among the leading bioactive flavonoids with a therapeutic potential implicated to an array of bioactivities investigated by series preclinical and clinical studies. In this article, different scientific databases were searched retrieve studies depicting biological activities chalcones their derivatives. This review comprehensively describes on derivatives describing immense significance as antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiparasitic, psychoactive, neuroprotective agents. Besides, trials revealed use in treatment chronic venous insufficiency, skin conditions, cancer. Bioavailability indicate possible hindrance improvement relation its nutraceutical pharmaceutical applications. Multifaceted complex underlying mechanisms chalcone actions demonstrated ability modulate number cancer cell lines, inhibit pathological microorganisms parasites, control signaling molecules cascades related disease modification. Clinical general absence adverse effects besides reducing signs symptoms decent bioavailability. Further needed elucidate structure activity, toxicity concerns, cellular basis mode action, interactions other molecules.

Язык: Английский

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The Therapeutic Potential of Anthocyanins: Current Approaches Based on Their Molecular Mechanism of Action

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11

Опубликована: Авг. 26, 2020

Anthocyanins are natural phenolic pigments with biological activity. They well-known to have potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, which explains the various effects reported for these substances suggesting their antidiabetic anticancer activities, role in cardiovascular neuroprotective prevention. This review aims comprehensively analyze different studies performed on this class of compounds, bioavailability therapeutic potential. An in-depth look preclinical, vitro vivo, clinical indicates preventive anthocyanins cardioprotection, neuroprotection, anti-obesity as well antidiabetes effects.

Язык: Английский

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Chitosan nanoparticles as a promising tool in nanomedicine with particular emphasis on oncological treatment

Cancer Cell International, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 24, 2021

Abstract The study describes the current state of knowledge on nanotechnology and its utilization in medicine. focus this manuscript was properties, usage safety, potentially valuable applications chitosan-based nanomaterials. Chitosan nanoparticles have high importance nanomedicine, biomedical engineering, discovery development new drugs. reviewed studies regarding use for creating release systems with improved bioavailability, increased specificity sensitivity, reduced pharmacological toxicity Nowadays, effective cancer treatment is a global problem, recent advances nanomedicine are great importance. Special attention put application chitosan developing system anticancer drug delivery. Pre-clinical clinical support nanomedicine. This overviews last progresses utilization, stability, bioavailability nanoencapsulation their safety.

Язык: Английский

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Cellular Red-Ox system in health and disease: The latest update

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 162, С. 114606 - 114606

Опубликована: Март 28, 2023

Cells are continually exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during cellular metabolism. Apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy biological processes involving a feedback cycle that causes ROS molecules induce oxidative stress. To adapt exposure, living cells develop various defense mechanisms neutralize use as signaling molecule. The redox networks combine pathways regulate cell metabolism, energy, survival, death. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) essential antioxidant enzymes required for scavenging in compartments response stressful situations. Among the non-enzymatic defenses, vitamin C, (GSH), polyphenols, carotenoids, E, etc., also essential. This review article describes how produced byproducts of oxidation/reduction (redox) antioxidants system is directly or indirectly engaged ROS. In addition, we used computational methods determine comparative profile binding energies several with enzymes. analysis demonstrates high affinity their structures.

Язык: Английский

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Oxidative Stress in Ageing and Chronic Degenerative Pathologies: Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Counteracting Oxidative Stress and Chronic Inflammation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(13), С. 7273 - 7273

Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2022

Ageing and chronic degenerative pathologies demonstrate the shared characteristics of high bioavailability reactive oxygen species (ROS) oxidative stress, chronic/persistent inflammation, glycation, mitochondrial abnormalities. Excessive ROS production results in nucleic acid protein destruction, thereby altering cellular structure functional outcome. To stabilise increased modulate human body produces antioxidants, “free radical scavengers”, that inhibit or delay cell damage. Reinforcing antioxidant defence system and/or counteracting deleterious repercussions immoderate nitrogen (RONS) is critical may curb progression ageing syndromes. Various therapeutic methods for stress reduction have been developed. However, scientific investigations are required to assess their efficacy. In this review, we summarise interconnected mechanism inflammation contributes pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) Parkinson’s (PD), cardiovascular diseases CVD, diabetes mellitus (DM), kidney (CKD). We also highlight potential counteractive measures combat diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Natural antioxidants from some fruits, seeds, foods, natural products, and associated health benefits: An update

Food Science & Nutrition, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(4), С. 1657 - 1670

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2023

Abstract Antioxidants are compounds that inhibit the oxidation of other molecules and protect body from effects free radicals, produced either by normal cell metabolism or as an effect pollution exposure to external factors responsible for premature aging play a role in cardiovascular disease. degenerative diseases such cataracts, Alzheimer's disease, cancer. While many antioxidants found nature, others obtained synthetic form reduce oxidative stress organisms. This review highlights pharmacological relevance fruits, plants, natural sources their beneficial on human health through analysis in‐depth discussion studies included phytochemistry effects. The information this was collected several scientific databases (ScienceDirect, TRIP database, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web Science), professional websites, traditional medicine books. Current evidence have shown various present some seeds, foods, products different health‐promoting Adopting functional foods with high antioxidant potential will improve effective affordable management radical while avoiding toxicities unwanted side caused conventional medication.

Язык: Английский

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Natural Coumarins: Exploring the Pharmacological Complexity and Underlying Molecular Mechanisms

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 2021(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

Coumarins belong to the benzopyrone family commonly found in many medicinal plants. Natural coumarins demonstrated a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities, including anti‐inflammatory, anticoagulant, anticancer, antibacterial, antimalarial, casein kinase‐2 (CK2) inhibitory, antifungal, antiviral, Alzheimer’s disease inhibition, neuroprotective, anticonvulsant, phytoalexins, ulcerogenic, and antihypertensive. There are very few studies on bioavailability coumarins; therefore, further investigations necessitated study different which already showed good biological activities previous studies. On evidence varied properties, present work presents an overall review derivation, availability, capacities with consideration essential mode their therapeutic actions. In conclusion, variety available, current interest thanks synthetic accessibility riches perform valuable function as agents range medical fields.

Язык: Английский

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Paclitaxel: Application in Modern Oncology and Nanomedicine‐Based Cancer Therapy

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 2021(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

Paclitaxel is a broad-spectrum anticancer compound, which was derived mainly from medicinal plant, in particular, the bark of yew tree Taxus brevifolia Nutt. It representative class diterpene taxanes, are nowadays used as most common chemotherapeutic agent against many forms cancer. possesses scientifically proven activity against, e.g., ovarian, lung, and breast cancers. The application this compound difficult because limited solubility, recrystalization upon dilution, cosolvent-induced toxicity. In these cases, nanotechnology nanoparticles provide certain advantages such increased drug half-life, lowered toxicity, specific selective delivery over free drugs. Nanodrugs possess capability to buildup tissue might be linked enhanced permeability retention well antitumour influence possessing minimal toxicity normal tissues. This article presents information about paclitaxel, its chemical structure, formulations, mechanism action, Attention drawn on nanotechnology, usefulness containing opportunities, also future perspective. review aimed at summarizing current state continuous pharmaceutical development employment enhancement pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic features paclitaxel agent.

Язык: Английский

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