Reactive oxygen species, toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: chronic diseases and aging

Archives of Toxicology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 97(10), С. 2499 - 2574

Опубликована: Авг. 19, 2023

Abstract A physiological level of oxygen/nitrogen free radicals and non-radical reactive species (collectively known as ROS/RNS) is termed oxidative eustress or “good stress” characterized by low to mild levels oxidants involved in the regulation various biochemical transformations such carboxylation, hydroxylation, peroxidation, modulation signal transduction pathways Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, phosphoinositide-3-kinase, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related 2 (Nrf2) other processes. Increased ROS/RNS, generated from both endogenous (mitochondria, NADPH oxidases) and/or exogenous sources (radiation, certain drugs, foods, cigarette smoking, pollution) result a harmful condition stress (“bad stress”). Although it widely accepted, that many chronic diseases are multifactorial origin, they share common denominator. Here we review importance mechanisms through which contributes pathological states an organism. Attention focused on chemistry ROS RNS (e.g. superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, peroxyl nitric oxide, peroxynitrite), their role damage DNA, proteins, membrane lipids. Quantitative qualitative assessment biomarkers also discussed. Oxidative pathology cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurological disorders (Alzheimer’s Parkinson’s Down syndrome), psychiatric (depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder), renal disease, lung disease (chronic pulmonary obstruction, cancer), aging. The concerted action antioxidants ameliorate effect achieved antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide dismutases-SODs, catalase, glutathione peroxidase-GPx), small molecular weight (vitamins C E, flavonoids, carotenoids, melatonin, ergothioneine, others). Perhaps one most effective vitamin first line defense against peroxidation promising approach appears be use flavonoids), showing weak prooxidant properties may boost cellular systems thus act preventive anticancer agents. Redox metal-based enzyme mimetic compounds potential pharmaceutical interventions sirtuins therapeutic targets for age-related anti-aging strategies

Язык: Английский

---

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Regulates Different Types of Cell Death by Acting as a Rheostat

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 2021(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for cellular signaling and response to stress. The level of ROS the type determine ability cells undergo cell death. Furthermore, dysregulation antioxidant pathways is associated with many diseases. It has become apparent that death can occur through different mechanisms leading classifications types such as apoptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis. play roles in all forms death, but it only now coming into focus control occurs any given cell. Indeed, may act a rheostat allowing be engaged crosstalk types. In this review, we will describe regulatory how they under normal disease states. We also propose could provide mechanism between determining

Язык: Английский

---

Oxidative Stress in Depression: The Link with the Stress Response, Neuroinflammation, Serotonin, Neurogenesis and Synaptic Plasticity

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(2), С. 470 - 470

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2023

Depression is a prevalent, complex, and highly debilitating disease. The full comprehension of this disease still global challenge. Indeed, relapse, recurrency, therapeutic resistance are serious challenges in the fight against depression. Nevertheless, abnormal functioning stress response, inflammatory processes, neurotransmission, neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity known to underlie pathophysiology mental disorder. role oxidative and, particularly, depression widely recognized, being important for both its onset development. excessive generation reactive oxygen species lack efficient antioxidant response trigger processes such as inflammation, neurodegeneration, neuronal death. Keeping mind importance detailed study about cellular molecular mechanisms that present depression, review focuses on link between neuroinflammation, serotonergic pathways, plasticity's imbalances these lead new era treatment knowledge complex

Язык: Английский

---

Lycopene in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(4), С. 1957 - 1957

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2022

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of human mortality worldwide. Oxidative stress and inflammation pathophysiological processes involved in development CVD. That is why bioactive food ingredients, including lycopene, so important their prevention, which seems to be a compound increasingly promoted diet people with cardiovascular problems. Lycopene present tomatoes tomato products responsible not only for red color but also health-promoting properties. It characterized by high antioxidant potential, highest among carotenoid pigments. Mainly this reason, epidemiological studies show number favorable properties between consumption lycopene reduced risk disease. While there some controversy research into its protective effects on system, growing evidence supports beneficial role heart, endothelium, blood vessels, health. The mechanisms action now being discovered may explain contradictions observed literature. This review aims current knowledge recent years preventive disorders.

Язык: Английский

---

Ginsenoside Rd: A promising natural neuroprotective agent

Phytomedicine, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 95, С. 153883 - 153883

Опубликована: Дек. 8, 2021

Язык: Английский

---

Glutathione system enhancement for cardiac protection: pharmacological options against oxidative stress and ferroptosis

Cell Death and Disease, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2023

Abstract The glutathione (GSH) system is considered to be one of the most powerful endogenous antioxidant systems in cardiovascular due its key contribution detoxifying xenobiotics and scavenging overreactive oxygen species (ROS). Numerous investigations have suggested that disruption GSH a critical element pathogenesis myocardial injury. Meanwhile, newly proposed type cell death, ferroptosis, has been demonstrated closely related system, which affects process outcome Moreover, facing various pathological challenges, mammalian heart, possesses high levels mitochondria weak capacity, susceptible oxidant production oxidative damage. Therefore, targeted enhancement along with prevention ferroptosis myocardium promising therapeutic strategy. In this review, we first systematically describe physiological functions anabolism as well effects on cardiac Then, discuss relationship between comprehensive summary activation strategies presented, where mainly identify several herbal monomers, may provide valuable guidelines for exploration new approaches.

Язык: Английский

---

Aging, oxidative stress and degenerative diseases: mechanisms, complications and emerging therapeutic strategies

Biogerontology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(5), С. 609 - 662

Опубликована: Июль 30, 2023

Язык: Английский

---

Oxidative stress and antioxidants in health and disease

Journal of Laboratory Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 47(1), С. 1 - 11

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2023

Abstract The increase in the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species endogenous or exogenous origin causes oxidative stress due to pro-oxidant antioxidant imbalance that cellular damage metabolism. This can inflammation cells, apoptosis necrosis, DNA base damage, protein cross-links, lipid membrane peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction. Antioxidants be described as a system protects biomolecules organism against harmful effects free radicals, reduces repairs done by (ROS) target molecule, this is called defense. It known mechanisms caused ROS resulting from are positively related pathology many diseases such cancer, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, malaria, Alzheimer’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, neurodegenerative preeclampsia.

Язык: Английский

---

The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of infections with coronaviruses

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2023

Coronaviruses can cause serious respiratory tract infections and may also impact other end organs such as the central nervous system, lung heart. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a devastating on humanity. Understanding mechanisms that contribute to pathogenesis of infections, will set foundation for development new treatments attenuate with coronaviruses host cells tissues. During infection cells, trigger an imbalance between increased production reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduced antioxidant responses leads redox stress. Subsequently, stress contributes antiviral virus-induced inflammation apoptosis ultimately drive cell tissue damage organ disease. However, there is limited understanding how different including SARS-CoV-2, manipulate cellular machinery drives responses. This review aims elucidate involved in replication associated inflammation, apoptotic pathways, autoimmunity, vascular dysfunction collectively multiorgan damage.

Язык: Английский

---

Electrochemical-Based Sensing Platforms for Detection of Glucose and H2O2 by Porous Metal–Organic Frameworks: A Review of Status and Prospects

Biosensors, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(3), С. 347 - 347

Опубликована: Март 4, 2023

Establishing enzyme-free sensing assays with great selectivity and sensitivity for glucose H2O2 detection has been highly required in biological science. In particular, the exploitation of nanomaterials by using noble metals high conductivity surface area widely investigated to act as selective catalytic agents molecular recognition platforms. Several approaches a straightforward, speedy, selective, sensitive were requested. This paper reviews current progress electrochemical metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) recognition. We have reviewed latest in-place priorities including straightforward procedure manipulation, sensitivity, varied linear range, economic prospects. The mentioned apply systems through rapid time that enables real-time profitable fields, obstacles associated sample preparation tool expense can be solved applying these means. Some parameters, impedance, intensity, potential difference measurement methods permitted low limit detections (LODs) noticeable durations agricultural, water, foodstuff samples levels H2O2.

Язык: Английский

---