Enhancing Drought Tolerance and Water Productivity of Diverse Maize Hybrids (Zea mays) Using Exogenously Applied Biostimulants under Varying Irrigation Levels

Agronomy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(5), С. 1320 - 1320

Опубликована: Май 8, 2023

Water deficit is a decisive challenge that tremendously affects maize physiological functions and productivity. Hence, it crucial to ameliorate its tolerance drought stress, in particular under abrupt climate change growing population. The present study aimed explore the influence of exogenously sprayed moringa seed extract (Moringa oleifera) α-tocopherol on physio-biochemical, morphological, yield attributes six diverse hybrids three irrigation levels poor-fertility sandy soil. applied regimes were based estimated crop evapotranspiration (ET) using FAO Penman–Monteith equation. A split–split plot arrangement with randomized complete block design replicates was for different treatments. Irrigation (100% ET, 75% ET 50% ET) established main plots, while foliar applications (moringa α-tocopherol) located subplots assessed (SC162, SC166, SC167, SC168, SC176, SC178) subsubplots. Mild (75% severe (50% stress gradually reduced gas exchange, photosynthetic efficiency, water relations, traits compared well-watered conditions ET). However, application or effective reinforcing by enhancing accumulation osmoprotectants, improving antioxidant enzymes, decreasing peroxidation membrane lipids electrolyte leakage untreated control. These positive impacts reflected boosting productivity conditions. agronomic performance considerably varied SC178 exhibited best mild other hybrids. Consequently, integration tolerant such as an efficient approach ameliorating water-scarce arid environments.

Язык: Английский

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Physiological, Biochemical, Anatomical, and Agronomic Responses of Sesame to Exogenously Applied Polyamines under Different Irrigation Regimes

Agronomy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(3), С. 875 - 875

Опубликована: Март 16, 2023

Polyamines (PAs) are plant growth regulators that attenuate the destructive impacts of water deficit on sesame plants, particularly in arid regions under abrupt climate change. Limited information is available physiological, biochemical, anatomical, and agronomic responses to exogenous application PAs field conditions. Thus, a two-season trial was carried out assess impact exogenously sprayed spermine (Spm), spermidine (Spd), putrescine (Put) physio-biochemical anatomical parameters their influences performance crop productivity plants. The plants were assessed three irrigation regimes; full (100% ETc), mild drought (75% severe (50% ETc) Drought stress displayed negative all evaluated parameters. However, applied Pas, especially Put, restricted effects deficit. exhibited highly significant enhancement photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids), gas exchange (net rate, stomatal conductance, rate transpiration), relations (relative content, membrane stability index, excised leaf retention), nutrient content (N, P, K) compared untreated stress. Moreover, PA amelioration osmoprotectants (free proline, soluble sugars, α-Tocopherol, ascorbate, glutathione), antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate glutathione reductase). In addition, foliar nourishing with reduction oxidative markers (malondialdehyde, electrolyte leakage, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide). These positive reflected improvement characteristics (midrib length width, vascular bundle thickness phloem, xylem collenchyma, vessel diameter, number rows midvein bundle), yield-related traits (plant height, area, capsules per plant, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, oil content). Consequently, (in particular, Put) could be exploited enhance yield low availability regions.

Язык: Английский

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Climate change impacts on crop breeding: Targeting interacting biotic and abiotic stresses for wheat improvement

The Plant Genome, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17(1)

Опубликована: Июль 6, 2023

Abstract Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) as a staple crop is closely interwoven into the development of modern society. Its influence on culture and economic global. Recent instability in wheat markets has demonstrated its importance guaranteeing food security across national borders. Climate change threatens it interacts with multitude factors impacting production. The challenge needs to be addressed multidisciplinary perspective delivered research, private, government sectors. Many experimental studies have identified major biotic abiotic stresses production, but fewer combinations that occur simultaneously or sequentially during growth cycle. Here, we argue stress interactions, genetics genomics underlying them, been insufficiently by science community. We propose this reason for limited transfer practical feasible climate adaptation knowledge from research projects routine farming practice. To address gap, novel methodology integration can align large volumes data available breeding programs increasingly cheaper omics tools predict performance under different scenarios. Underlying our proposal breeders design deliver future ideotypes based new enhanced understanding genetic physiological processes are triggered when subjected stresses. By defining trait and/or level, insights made yield improvement conditions.

Язык: Английский

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The Egyptian wheat cultivar Gemmeiza-12 is a source of resistance against the fungus Zymoseptoria tritici

BMC Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2024

Abstract Background Wheat is one of the world’s most important cereal crops. However, fungal pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici can cause disease epidemics, leading to reduced yields. With climate change and development new agricultural areas with suitable environments, Z. may advance into geographical previously unaffected by this pathogen. It currently unknown how Egyptian wheat will perform in face incoming threat. This project aimed assess resistance germplasm , identify cultivars high levels characterise mechanism(s) present these cultivars. Results Eighteen were screened against two model isolates exhibited a wide spectrum responses. ranged from complete susceptibility or both tested. The highly resistant initial screen then tested under environmental conditions modern UK field isolates. Disease UK-like higher, however, symptom on cultivar Gemmeiza-12 was noticeably slower than other wheats. robustness shown confirmed experiments mimicking conditions, where degree infection lower. Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) diagnostic assay suggested presence an Stb6 allele several wheats including Gemmeiza-12. Infection assays using IPO323 WT IPO323Δ AvrStb6 mutant Confocal fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that growth strain blocked at point stomatal penetration Gemmeiza-12, consistent previous reports Stb gene mediated resistance. In addition R -gene resistance, spores showed lower adherence leaves compared varieties, suggesting aspects leaf physiology also contribute phenotype cultivar. Conclusion These results indicate be useful future breeding programs improved priority.

Язык: Английский

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Molecular and agro-morphological diversity assessment of some bread wheat genotypes and their crosses for drought tolerance

PeerJ, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12, С. e18104 - e18104

Опубликована: Сен. 26, 2024

Wheat, a staple cereal crop, faces challenges due to climate change and increasing global population. Maintaining genetic diversity is vital for developing drought-tolerant cultivars. This study evaluated the drought response of five wheat cultivars their corresponding F1 hybrids under well-watered stress conditions. Molecular profiling using ISSR SCoT-PCR markers revealed 28 polymorphic loci out 76 amplified. A statistically significant impact parental genotypes crosses was observed on all investigated agro-morphological traits, including root length, weight, shoot proline content, spikelet number/spike, spike grain weight/spike. The P1 P3 had desirable positive general combining ability (GCA) effects fresh dry length conditions, while P5 recorded highest GCA estimates stress. P4 showed number spikelets per spike, grains weight normal presented maximum proved be best combiner cross P1× specific (SCA) P2×P3 excelled water deficit P2, × P3, P4× were most effective whereas P1×P3 P3×P5 SCA Positive stressed Additionally, P4×P5 consistently in both environments, spikelets, categorized based agronomic performance into distinct groups ranging from (group A) drought-sensitive ones C). P5, P2×P5, identified as promising improve results demonstrated variations tolerance highlighted potential SCoT breeding programs

Язык: Английский

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Performance and genotypic variability in diverse date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars for fruit characteristics

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 71(5), С. 1759 - 1772

Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2023

Язык: Английский

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How does jasmonic acid improve drought tolerance? Mechanisms and future prospects

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 52(2), С. 13604 - 13604

Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2024

Drought stress poses a significant challenge to agriculture sustainability across the globe. negatively affects plant growth and productivity intensity of this serious abiotic is continuously increasing which threat Different measures are being used mitigate adverse impacts drought stress. Among these measures, application exogenous osmolytes hormones considered an important way drought. Recently, jasmonic acid (JA) has emerged as excellent hormone improve tolerance owing its involvement in different physiological biochemical processes. Jasmonic improves membrane stability water relations, nutrient uptake, osmolyte accumulation, antioxidant activities that can counter toxic effects It also contributes signaling pathways, i.e., genes network, stress-responsive proteins, intermediates, enzymes protect plants from Further, JA protects maintains integrity cells by up-regulating defense system accumulation. In review, we have documented protective role under The various mechanisms inducing discussed research gaps identified. This review will help readers learn more about it provide new knowledge develop plants.

Язык: Английский

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Analyzing wheat productivity: using GGE biplot and machine learning to understand agronomic traits and yield

Cereal Research Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 6, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Farmers participatory evaluation of bread wheat varieties through seed producer cooperatives: evidence from Ethiopia

Discover Agriculture, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 2(1)

Опубликована: Май 3, 2024

Abstract The limited engagement of farmers and their community agents in the process variety development evaluation is one main factors for lower rates adoption, which resulted crop productivity. Participatory bread wheat was jointly conducted by breeders, members seed producer cooperative (SPC) local experts with objectives to identify farmers’ selection criteria, assess preferred varieties increase SPC’s portfolios. Twelve released were evaluated during 2019 cropping season at Sekela district Amhara region, Ethiopia. Pair-wise ranking used criteria direct matrix prioritize those selected criteria. Varieties planted two sets without lime application. Grain yield, followed earliness, disease tolerance, tillering capacity, identified first criterion farmers. mean values showed that higher yield recorded application compared no Lemu (6.4 t/ha), Alidoro (6.3 Dambal Obora (6.1 t/ha) Liben had greater t-test results indicated significant difference between liming number tillers per plant, spike length plant height, 1000 weight, hectoliter but non-significant grain yield. should be included production plan cooperatives large scale portfolios address demand farming community.

Язык: Английский

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Dissecting Genotype by Environment Interactions in Moroccan Wheat: An Advanced Biplot and Heatmap Analysis Unveiling Agronomic, Quality Traits, and Genotypic Stability for Tailored Breeding Strategies

Plants, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(8), С. 1068 - 1068

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2024

This five-year study (2016-2021) across diverse Moroccan agro-climatic zones investigated genotype by environment (G × E) interactions in wheat, focusing on variations agronomic traits and quality attributes such as protein gluten content. Significant environmental effects were observed key traits, like yield, thousand kernel weight (TKW), spikes per square meter (Spk/m

Язык: Английский

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