Abstract
There
has
been
a
significant
increase
in
cover
crop
adoption,
with
land
use
nearly
doubling
over
the
last
decade.
Winter
legume
crops
provide
several
ecosystem
services,
such
as
weed
suppression
and
reducing
soil
erosion,
while
serving
an
excellent
nitrogen
source
for
subsequent
cash
crops.
Hairy
vetch
(
Vicia
villosa
R.),
crimson
clover
Trifolium
incarnatum
),
winter
pea
Pisum
sativum
L.)
are
three
major
annual
United
States.
However,
varying
survival
rates
have
reduced
their
reliability
compared
hardy
grasses
like
cereal
rye
Secale
cereale
).
cultivars
selected
bred
pea,
which
also
used
food
forage
crops,
but
fewer
breeding
efforts
toward
cold
tolerance
made
hairy
or
clover.
Despite
current
efforts,
all
species
can
suffer
from
damage
hardiness
zone
6
below.
Developing
requires
multifaceted
approach,
including
cultivar
selection
hybridization,
quantitative
trait
locus
isolation,
management
practice
improvement,
identification
of
new
sources
hardiness.
Cold
acclimation,
deacclimation
resistance,
reacclimation
potential
possible
mechanisms
to
explore
these
be
evaluated
field
controlled
environments
using
visual
scoring,
chlorophyll
fluorescence,
ion
leakage
assays.
Cells,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
14(2), С. 110 - 110
Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2025
Cold
stress
strongly
hinders
plant
growth
and
development.
However,
the
molecular
physiological
adaptive
mechanisms
of
cold
tolerance
in
plants
are
not
well
understood.
Plants
adopt
several
morpho-physiological
changes
to
withstand
stress.
have
evolved
various
strategies
cope
with
These
included
cellular
membranes
chloroplast
structure,
regulating
signals
related
phytohormones
regulators
(ABA,
JA,
GA,
IAA,
SA,
BR,
ET,
CTK,
MET),
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS),
protein
kinases,
inorganic
ions.
This
review
summarizes
how
respond
stress,
covering
four
main
signal
transduction
pathways,
including
abscisic
acid
(ABA)
pathway,
Ca2+
ROS
mitogen-activated
kinase
(MAPK/MPK)
cascade
pathway.
Some
transcription
factors,
such
as
AP2/ERF,
MYB,
WRKY,
NAC,
bZIP,
only
act
calmodulin-binding
proteins
during
perception
but
can
also
play
important
roles
downstream
chilling-signaling
highlights
analysis
those
factors
bHLH,
especially
bHLH-type
ICE,
discusses
their
functions
phytohormone-responsive
elements
binding
promoter
region
under
In
addition,
a
theoretical
framework
outlining
responses
has
been
proposed.
theory
aims
guide
future
research
directions
inform
agricultural
production
practices,
ultimately
enhancing
crop
resilience
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
26(3), С. 1157 - 1157
Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2025
Low-temperature
stress,
including
chilling
and
freezing
injuries,
significantly
impacts
plant
growth
in
tropical
temperate
regions.
Plants
respond
to
cold
stress
by
activating
mechanisms
that
enhance
tolerance,
such
as
regulating
photosynthesis,
metabolism,
protein
pathways
producing
osmotic
regulators
antioxidants.
Membrane
stability
is
crucial,
with
cold-resistant
plants
exhibiting
higher
lipid
unsaturation
maintain
fluidity
normal
metabolism.
Low
temperatures
disrupt
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
leading
oxidative
damage,
which
mitigated
antioxidant
defenses.
Hormonal
regulation,
involving
ABA,
auxin,
gibberellins,
others,
further
supports
adaptation.
also
manage
balance
accumulating
like
proline
sugars.
Through
complex
regulatory
pathways,
the
ICE1-CBF-COR
cascade,
optimize
gene
expression
survive
ensuring
adaptability
conditions.
This
study
reviews
recent
advancements
genetic
engineering
technologies
aimed
at
enhancing
resistance
of
agricultural
crops.
The
goal
provide
insights
for
improving
tolerance
developing
new
cold-tolerant
varieties.
Frontiers in Plant Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Март 22, 2024
Low
temperature
is
a
type
of
abiotic
stress
affecting
the
tomato
(
Solanum
lycopersicum
)
growth.
Understanding
mechanisms
and
utilization
exogenous
substances
underlying
plant
tolerance
to
cold
would
lay
foundation
for
improving
resilience
in
this
important
crop.
Our
study
aiming
investigate
effect
glycine
betaine
(GB)
on
seedlings
increase
low
temperatures.
By
treating
with
GB
under
stress,
we
found
that
30
mmol/L
can
significantly
improve
seedlings.
Exogenous
influence
enzyme
activity
antioxidant
defense
system
ROS
levels
leaves.
The
treatment
presented
higher
Fv/Fm
value
photochemical
compared
control.
Moreover,
analysis
high-throughput
phenotyping
also
supported
protect
photosynthetic
stress.
In
addition,
proved
increased
content
endogenous
abscisic
acid
(ABA)
decreased
gibberellin
(GA)
levels,
which
protected
tomatoes
from
Meanwhile,
transcriptional
showed
regulated
expression
genes
involved
capacity,
calcium
signaling,
photosynthesis
activity,
energy
metabolism-related
pathway-related
plants.
conclusion,
our
findings
indicated
GB,
as
cryoprotectant,
enhance
by
system,
hormone
response
pathway
so
on.
Frontiers in Plant Science,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16
Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2025
Chickpea
is
highly
sensitive
to
cold
stress
during
its
reproductive
stages,
leading
significant
reductions
in
potential
pod
formation
due
decreased
success.
This
study
aimed
investigate
the
specific
responses
of
anthers
and
ovules
stress,
explore
role
oxidative
antioxidant
mechanisms,
understand
relationship
between
function
enhance
our
understanding
chickpea
stress.
seeds
contrasting
genotypes-cold-tolerant
(ICC
17258,
ICC
16349)
cold-sensitive
15567,
GPF
2)-were
sown
outdoors
early
November
under
optimal
conditions
(25.5/15.4°C
mean
day/night
temperatures).
At
50
days
after
sowing,
plants
were
subjected
13/7°C
(12
h
light/dark
walk-in
growth
chambers.
Cold
significantly
increased
membrane
damage
reduced
cellular
viability
ovules,
particularly
(CS)
genotypes.
Oxidative
was
more
pronounced
anthers,
at
anthesis
(stage
2),
as
indicated
by
elevated
malondialdehyde
hydrogen
peroxide
levels.
Cold-tolerant
(CT)
genotypes
exhibited
activity
especially
pre-anthesis
1),
followed
declines
later
stage,
although
varied
genotype.
Anthers
higher
overall
antioxidants
than
while
demonstrated
notably
high
catalase
activity.
Among
studied,
ascorbate
peroxidase
glutathione
reductase
most
prominent
CT
genotype,
along
with
levels
(AsA)
(GSH),
highlighting
critical
AsA-GSH
cycle
conferring
tolerance
chickpea.
Exogenous
supplementation
1
mM
(GSH)
stimulated
pollen
germination
cold-stressed
vitro
conditions,
a
greater
effect
observed
CS
Furthermore,
strongly
correlated
key
traits
such
ovule
viability.
revealed
that
distinct
genotypic
differences
across
stages.
These
insights
provide
deeper
mechanisms
vital
clues
for
breeding
strategies
resilience
success
Frontiers in Plant Science,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16
Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2025
The
increasing
frequency
of
adverse
environmental
events,
driven
by
ongoing
climate
change,
has
intensified
the
search
for
new
technological
alternatives
in
crop
production
and
plant
protection.
Thermal
stress
can
limit
adaptation
negatively
impact
metabolism,
physiology,
morphology,
yield.
Cold
plants
been
extensively
studied
affect
various
stages
plant's
life
cycle,
from
seed
formation
to
development,
causing
damage
cell
membranes,
impairing
division,
disrupting
water
absorption.
Consequently,
researchers
have
focused
on
mitigating
impacts
abiotic
investigating
bioactive
molecules
biostimulants
derived
organisms,
which
enhance
tolerance
mechanisms
plants.
In
aquatic
environments,
macro-
microalgae
emerged
as
key
sources
elicitors,
providing
extractable
such
polysaccharides,
polyamines,
polyphenols,
amino
acids
that
defense
responses.
Similarly,
certain
terrestrial
shown
potential
biostimulant
compounds.
Thus,
this
study
aims
highlight
advancements
systems
emphasizing
algae-based
elicitors
enhancing
cold
stress.
Ultimately,
goal
is
improve
understanding
promising
biological
models
food
production,
fostering
innovative
developments
contribute
economically
ecologically
sustainable
technologies.
