The social determinants of mental health and disorder: evidence, prevention and recommendations

World Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 23(1), С. 58 - 90

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2024

People exposed to more unfavourable social circumstances are vulnerable poor mental health over their life course, in ways that often determined by structural factors which generate and perpetuate intergenerational cycles of disadvantage health. Addressing these challenges is an imperative matter justice. In this paper we provide a roadmap address the determinants cause ill Relying as far possible on high-quality evidence, first map out literature supports causal link between later outcomes. Given breadth topic, focus most pervasive across those common major disorders. We draw primarily available evidence from Global North, acknowledging other global contexts will face both similar unique sets require equitable attention. Much our focuses groups who marginalized, thus multitude intersecting risk factors. These include refugees, asylum seekers displaced persons, well ethnoracial minoritized groups; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender queer (LGBTQ+) living poverty. then introduce preventive framework for conceptualizing disorder, can guide much needed primary prevention strategies capable reducing inequalities improving population Following this, review concerning candidate intervene interventions fall broadly within scope universal, selected indicated strategies, but also briefly important secondary tertiary promote recovery with existing Finally, seven key recommendations, framed around justice, constitute action research, policy public Adoption recommendations would opportunity advance efforts modifiable affect

Язык: Английский

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Inequality on the frontline: A multi-country study on gender differences in mental health among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic

Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract Healthcare workers (HCWs) were at increased risk for mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic, with prior data suggesting women may be particularly vulnerable. Our global study aimed to examine factors associated gender differences in psychological distress and depressive symptoms among HCWs COVID-19. Across 22 countries South America, Europe, Asia Africa, 32,410 participated HEalth caRe wOrkErS (HEROES) between March 2020 February 2021. They completed General Health Questionnaire-12, Patient Questionnaire-9 questions about pandemic-relevant exposures. Consistently across countries, reported elevated compared men. Women also COVID-19-relevant stressors, including insufficient personal protective equipment less support from colleagues, while men contact patients. At country level, higher inequality problems. Higher mortality rates merely women. findings suggest that HCWs, have been disproportionately exposed stressors individual level. This highlights importance of considering emergency response efforts safeguard women’s well-being ensure healthcare system preparedness future public crises.

Язык: Английский

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Aggressive measures, rising inequalities, and mass formation during the COVID-19 crisis: An overview and proposed way forward

Frontiers in Public Health, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10

Опубликована: Авг. 25, 2022

A series of aggressive restrictive measures were adopted around the world in 2020–2022 to attempt prevent SARS-CoV-2 from spreading. However, it has become increasingly clear most (lockdown) response strategies may involve negative side-effects such as a steep increase poverty, hunger, and inequalities. Several economic, educational, health repercussions have fallen disproportionately on children, students, young workers, especially groups with pre-existing inequalities low-income families, ethnic minorities, women. This led vicious cycle rising issues. For example, educational financial security decreased along unemployment loss life purpose. Domestic violence surged due dysfunctional families being forced spend more time each other. In current narrative scoping review, we describe macro-dynamics that are taking place because public policies psychological tactics influence behavior, mass formation crowd behavior. Coupled effect inequalities, how these factors can interact toward aggravating ripple effects. light evidence regarding health, economic social costs, likely far outweigh potential benefits, authors suggest that, first, where applicable, lockdown should be reversed their re-adoption future avoided. If needed, non-disruptive. Second, is important assess dispassionately damage done by offer ways alleviate burden long-term Third, structures counterproductive assessed sought optimize decision-making, counteracting groupthink increasing level reflexivity. Finally, package scalable positive psychology interventions suggested counteract improve humanity's prospects.

Язык: Английский

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Mental Health and Related Factors Among Undergraduate Students During SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Май 31, 2022

Background Mental health problems among undergraduates are a significant public concern. Most studies exploring mental in this population during the pandemic have been conducted high-income countries. Fewer come from Latin American The aim of study was to determine prevalence depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, and suicide risk, explore association with several relevant variables personal, family, university, SARS-CoV-2 domains. Methods A cross-sectional Chile medium-size private University. Outcome were explored valid instruments: Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Columbia-Suicide Rating (C-SSRS). Independent personal (e.g., sex, age, sexual orientation, history problems, substance use), family parental educational background, functioning), university course year, financial support, psychological sense belonging, failing subjects) domains contagion, fear contracting SARS-CoV-2, frequency physical activity, keeping routines social contact). Multivariable logistic regression models for each outcome, after univariable domain-specific multivariable models. variable at step selected if p -value ≤ 0.05. Results total 5,037 students answered survey—the global response rate 63.5%. females (70.4%) freshmen (25.2%). high: depression (37.1%), anxiety (37.9%), stress (54.6%). reported 32.5% students, risk 20.4% students. associated domain use, orientation; domain, functioning problems; violence victimization belonging; having daily routine by themselves or others. Conclusions is high undergraduate some factors, such as belonging can be used preventive interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Financial Distress and Psychological Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic

International Journal of Public Health, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 67

Опубликована: Авг. 25, 2022

Objective: We examine the impact of financial distress caused by COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and psychological well-being. Methods: analyze cross-sectional survey data (n = 2,545) from Life during Pandemic study in Chile. estimate linear probability models to relationship between economic fragility, distress, Results: Our findings show unemployment income loss are highly predictive experiencing a range problems, such as lack savings, well difficulties paying bills, consumer debt, mortgage loans. In turn, leads higher prevalence poor well-being deterioration, sleep problems. Conclusion: Expansion assistance services needed, new diagnosis conditions has increased, but treatment not, pointing barrier access some care pandemic. Policies designed with objective improving education necessary increase precautionary savings resilience, alleviate burden debt future.

Язык: Английский

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Willingness to Fly during the COVID-19 pandemic

Journal of Air Transport Management, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 117, С. 102575 - 102575

Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Navigating the impact of COVID-19 school closures on child health, education, and society: A call to embrace civil discourse across identities, sectors, and disciplines

Elsevier eBooks, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 819 - 833

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Analyzing the impact of COVID-19 on gender gaps in mathematics: The role of socioeconomic status in Chile

International Journal of Educational Development, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 113, С. 103221 - 103221

Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Informal debt and well-being among small business entrepreneurs

Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 4, 2025

Purpose Access to bank loans is often limited for small businesses in emerging economies, particularly during crises when capital becomes scarce. In such situations, financially underserved entrepreneurs may resort unregulated financing options, involving high-interest, illegal loans. This study aims examine the relationship between informal, debt, financial education and well-being among Chile. Design/methodology/approach The empirical analysis based on a novel large data set from Impact of COVID-19 pandemic survey. contains information 1,191 enrolled Chile’s Small Business Development Center program. Linear probability instrumental variable models are used analyze data. Findings Entrepreneurs with debt moneylenders more likely have worse levels mental across multiple measures. Those who perceive need depend high-cost financing. Financial-advisory assistance reduces relying debt. Practical implications highlights role access formal sources improving entrepreneurs. Moreover, this underscores negative consequences lending practices associated organized crime, which target options. Originality/value research provides new insights into adverse effects well-being. It emphasizes how can alleviate strain improve health outcomes business owners.

Язык: Английский

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Mitigate or exacerbate? Assessing digital engagement's impact on mental health inequalities across gender and urban–rural divides

Digital Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Objectives Mental health inequalities have increasingly become an important factor affecting social well-being. Existing researches focused on the impact of digital mental health, but there is lack research exploring engagement inequalities. Methods Based data from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) wave 2020, this study analyzed effects adult and using multinomial OLS models RIF models. Further, mitigating gender urban–rural were calculated decomposition. Results Digital positively predicts level Chinese adults, at same time mitigates among including between genders urban rural areas, effect stronger areas. In addition, diminished with increasing levels; however, was low high levels. Conclusions Both inequality are evident adults. can alleviate overall inequalities, while enhancing health. This provides new insights into how best to mitigate in era.

Язык: Английский

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