Mechanisms of Transmission and Processing of Pain: A Narrative Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 20(4), С. 3064 - 3064

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2023

Knowledge about the mechanisms of transmission and processing nociceptive information, both in healthy pathological states, has greatly expanded recent years. This rapid progress is due to a multidisciplinary approach involving simultaneous use different branches study, such as systems neurobiology, behavioral analysis, genetics, cell molecular techniques. narrative review aims clarify pain while also taking into account characteristics properties nociceptors how immune system influences perception. Moreover, several important aspects this crucial theme human life will be discussed. Nociceptor neurons play key role inflammation. The interactions between occur within peripheral sites injury central nervous system. modulation nociceptor activity or chemical mediators may provide promising novel approaches treatment chronic inflammatory disease. sensory fundamental host's protective response, understanding its pivotal process revealing new strategies for pain.

Язык: Английский

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Obesity and Discrimination in the Workplace: A Narrative Review and New Perspectives for Breaking out of the Negative Spiral

Obesities, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 5(1), С. 8 - 8

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2025

It is widely known that obesity leads to various social or health problems. For example, not only lead diseases but also reduce the performance of workers. However, there no consensus on how deal with obesity. Therefore, in this review paper, we narratively reviewed previous research and discrimination workplace presented a perspective supports rationality supporting obese people break out vicious cycle, for themselves society. Specifically, discussed decline due worsening working conditions which further performance, once fall into it difficult because reinforced by stigma certain employment at organizational level, therefore possible these can be saved local governments countries taking forming acceptance people.

Язык: Английский

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The effect of intermittent fasting on preventing obesity-related early aging from a molecular and cellular perspective

Journal of Medicine and Life, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(3), С. 261 - 272

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

Obesity is a global health concern owing to its association with numerous degenerative diseases and the fact that it may lead early aging. Various markers of aging, including telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, altered protein homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell disorders, intercellular communication, are influenced by obesity. Consequently, there critical need for safe effective approaches prevent obesity mitigate onset premature In recent years, intermittent fasting (IF), dietary strategy alternates between periods feeding, has emerged as promising holds potential in counteracting aging process associated This article explores molecular mechanisms through which IF affects obesity-related regulates various physiological processes organ systems, liver, brain, muscles, intestines, blood, adipose tissues, endocrine system, cardiovascular system. Moreover, modulates key signaling pathways such AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), sirtuins, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, mammalian target rapamycin (mTOR), fork head box O (FOXO). By targeting these pathways, attenuate phenotypes Overall, offers avenues promoting healthier lifestyles mitigating individuals affected

Язык: Английский

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Factorial Model of Obese Adolescents: The Role of Body Image Concerns and Selective Depersonalization—A Pilot Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 19(18), С. 11501 - 11501

Опубликована: Сен. 13, 2022

Background: The relationship binding body weight to psychological well-being is unclear. present study aims at identifying the contribution, and specificity, of some dimensions (i.e., eating-related symptoms, image disorders, eating habits, personality traits, emotional difficulties) characterizing profile obese adolescents (749 participants, 325 females; 58.3% normal-weight, 29.9% overweight, 11.7% obese; mean age = 16.05, SD 0.82). Methods: By introducing scores obtained by standardized self-report tools into a generalized linear model, factorial reduction design was used detect best fitting discriminant functions principal components explaining higher proportion variance. Results: We found two correctly classifying 87.1% 57.2% 68.2% adolescents. Furthermore, independent factors, 69.68% total variance, emerged. Conclusions: first factor, “Body Image Concerns”, included drive for thinness, dissatisfaction, interpersonal distrust. second “Selective Depersonalization”, trend toward depersonalization dissatisfaction with torso. neurophysiological implications our findings will be discussed.

Язык: Английский

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The assessment of executive functions to test the integrity of the nigrostriatal network: A pilot study

Frontiers in Psychology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Март 29, 2023

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. The latter mainly include affective, sleep, cognitive deficits. Non-demented PD patients often demonstrate impairments in several executive domains following neuropsychological evaluation. current pilot study aims at assessing the discriminatory power of Frontal Assessment Battery-15 (FAB15) differentiating (i) non-demented healthy controls (ii) with more less pronounced symptoms.Thirty-nine early-stage "on" dopamine state (26 females, mean age = 64.51 years, SD 6.47, duration 5.49 2.28) 39 participants (24 62.60 5.51) were included study. All completed FAB15. Motor symptoms quantified via Unified Disease Rating Scale-Part III (UPDRS-Part III) Hoehn Yahr staging scale (H&Y).The FAB15 score, adjusted according to normative data for sex, age, education, proved be sufficiently able discriminate from (AUC 0.69 [95% CI 0.60-0.75], SE 0.06, p 0.04, optimal cutoff 11.29). Conversely, battery lacked sufficient discriminative capability differentiate based on severity symptoms.The may valid tool distinguishing controls. However, it might sensitive identifying clinical phenotypes visuospatial resulting posteroparietal and/or temporal dysfunctions. In line previous evidence, demonstrated not expendable practice monitoring PD-related

Язык: Английский

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Correlation of executive functions, academic achievement, eating behavior and eating habits in university students of Mexico City

Frontiers in Education, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8

Опубликована: Ноя. 23, 2023

Introduction Young adults between 18 and 25 years of age are in an important transitional time university students considered vulnerable given that they generally maintain unhealthy lifestyle characterized by poor diet quality meal skipping. The aim the present study was to evaluate relationship executive functions, academic achievement, eating behavior, habits, BMI students. Methods Undergraduate (18–25 years) who lived Mexico City were included sample; function, behavior achievement measured. Results 1903 (1,038 women, 865 men), with a mean 20.65 (SD ±1.66), participated study. Spearman’s r correlation analysis revealed there is significant all variables interest, most correlations found emotional eating, habits. Discussion Our confirms previous findings association EF, students, also provides first approach UP food intake, overall skipping (breakfast, lunch, and/or dinner) EF.

Язык: Английский

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Functional Characteristics and Coping Strategies among Rugby Athletes: A Cluster Analysis Approach

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(3), С. 292 - 292

Опубликована: Март 9, 2024

The developing domain of mental health in sports has gained much interest, acknowledging its pivotal role athlete performance and well-being. aim this research is to provide a quantitative description concerning the levels health, physical activity, cognitive fusion, flexibility, coping strategies that characterize rugby athletes by using data-driven approach. A total 92 took part study filled out set self-administered questionnaires. correlational analysis showed general well-being was positively associated with years spent playing (r = 0.23) mechanisms 0.29). Athletes’ also negatively correlated inflexibility −0.41) fusion −0.39). k-means cluster identified two unique groups: group 1, characterized higher psychological well-being, lower greater improved techniques, reduced 2, which exhibits opposite characteristics. discrepancies observed characteristics such as strategies, highlight their potential impact on players. To comprehend complex interplay between elements athletes, long-term studies larger samples are crucial.

Язык: Английский

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The Relationship between Executive Functions and Body Weight: Sex as a Moderating Variable

Behavioral Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(3), С. 258 - 258

Опубликована: Март 21, 2024

This study explores the interplay between executive functions and body weight, examining both influence of biological factors, specifically sex, methodological issues, such as choice Body Mass Index (BMI) waist circumference (WC) primary anthropometric measure. A total 386 participants (222 females, mean age = 45.98 years, SD 17.70) were enrolled, from whom sociodemographic (sex, age, years formal education) (BMI WC) data collected. Executive evaluated using Frontal Assessment Battery–15 (FAB15). The results showed increased effectiveness WC over BMI in relationships functions, sex differences, weight. In particular, this revealed that there was a significant moderating effect at comparable levels functioning. Specifically, women with higher performance had lower WCs than their male counterparts, suggesting function has greater impact on men. Our findings highlight importance conducting more in-depth investigations complex relationship cognitive deficits weight gain, considering confounding variables behavioral, psychobiological, neurophysiological origin.

Язык: Английский

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The Neglected Factor in the Relationship between Executive Functioning and Obesity: The Role of Motor Control

Healthcare, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(9), С. 1775 - 1775

Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2022

The association between obesity and executive functions (EFs) is highly controversial. It has been suggested that waist circumference (WC), compared to body mass index (BMI), a better indicator of fat EFs in obesity. Moreover, according the viewpoint brain's functional architecture meets need for interactive behavior, we hypothesize relationship weight might be mediated by motor performance. General functioning (frontal assessment battery-15), additional cognitive subdomains (trail making test digit span backward), performance (finger tapping task) were assessed sample included 330 volunteers (192 females, M age = 45.98 years, SD 17.70, range 18-86 years). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated FAB15 score FTT negatively predicted WC but not BMI. A subsequent mediation highlighted indirect effect on through finger was statistically significant. Our results suggest WC, as BMI, more effective measure studying weight. Still, found domain partially mediates dynamics such relationship.

Язык: Английский

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Higher general executive functions predicts lower body mass index by mitigating avoidance behaviors

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Ноя. 9, 2022

The present study examines the relationship between obesity, executive functions, and body image in a nonclinical population from southern Italy.General functioning (Frontal Assessment Battery-15), disturbances (Body Uneasiness Test) were assessed sample including 255 participants (138 females, M age = 43.51 years, SD 17.94, range 18-86 years; mass index (BMI) 26.21, 4.32, 18.03-38.79).Multiple Linear Regression Analysis indicated that age, years of education, FAB15 score, concerns, avoidance predicted variance BMI. A subsequent mediation analysis highlighted indirect effect on BMI through was statistically significant.Our results suggest more performing predicts decrease is partially due to mitigation behaviors.

Язык: Английский

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