International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(9), С. 4673 - 4673
Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2024
With
the
advent
of
immunotherapeutics,
a
new
era
in
combat
against
cancer
has
begun.
Particularly
promising
are
neo-epitope-targeted
therapies
as
expression
neo-antigens
is
tumor-specific.
In
turn,
this
allows
selective
targeting
and
killing
cells
whilst
healthy
remain
largely
unaffected.
So
far,
many
advances
have
been
made
development
treatment
options
which
tailored
to
individual
neo-epitope
repertoire.
The
next
big
step
achievement
efficacious
“off-the-shelf”
immunotherapies.
For
this,
shared
neo-epitopes
propose
an
optimal
target.
Given
tremendous
potential,
thorough
understanding
underlying
mechanisms
lead
formation
fundamental
importance.
Here,
we
review
various
processes
result
neo-epitopes.
Broadly,
origin
can
be
categorized
into
three
groups:
canonical,
noncanonical,
viral
canonical
that
arise
direct
consequence
somatic
mutations,
summarize
past
recent
findings.
Beyond
that,
our
main
focus
put
on
discussion
noncanonical
believe
those
provides
encouraging
perspective
shape
future
immunotherapeutics.
Cancers,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(5), С. 981 - 981
Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2024
Cancer
immunotherapy
modulates
the
immune
system,
overcomes
escape
and
stimulates
defenses
against
tumors.
Dendritic
cells
(DCs)
are
professional
promoters
of
responses
tumor
antigens
with
outstanding
ability
to
coordinate
innate
adaptive
systems.
Evidence
suggests
that
there
is
a
decrease
in
both
number
function
DCs
cancer
patients.
Therefore,
they
represent
strong
scaffold
for
therapeutic
interventions.
DC
vaccination
(DCV)
safe,
antitumoral
induced
well
established
solid
Although
addition
checkpoint
inhibitors
(CPIs)
chemotherapy
has
provided
new
options
treatment
cancer,
have
shown
no
clinical
benefit
desert
tumors
or
those
dysfunctional
exhausted
T-cells.
In
this
way,
DC-based
therapy
demonstrated
modify
microenvironment
enriched
potentiate
systemic
host
as
an
active
approach
treating
Application
DCV
seeks
obtain
long-term
antitumor
through
improved
T-cell
priming
by
enhancing
previous
generating
de
novo
responses.
To
date,
peripheral
blood
patients
without
significant
impact
on
outcome.
Thus,
improvements
vaccines
formulations,
selection
based
biomarkers
combinations
other
therapies
needed
enhance
patient
survival.
work,
we
review
role
different
their
strengths
weaknesses,
finally
mention
trends
improve
efficacy
strategy.
Vaccines,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(1), С. 71 - 71
Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2024
The
concept
of
DNA
vaccination
was
introduced
in
the
early
1990s.
Since
then,
advancements
augmentation
immunogenicity
vaccines
have
brought
this
technology
to
market,
especially
veterinary
medicine,
prevent
many
diseases.
Along
with
successful
COVID
mRNA
vaccines,
first
vaccine
for
human
use,
Indian
ZyCovD
against
SARS-CoV-2,
approved
2021.
In
current
review,
we
give
an
overview
focusing
on
science,
including
adjuvants
and
delivery
methods.
We
then
cover
some
emerging
science
field
notably
efforts
optimize
systems,
better
engineer
apparatuses,
identify
optimal
sites,
personalize
cancer
immunotherapy
through
vaccination,
enhance
adjuvant
gene
adjuvants,
off-target
heritable
immunity
epigenetic
modification,
predict
epitopes
bioinformatic
approaches.
also
discuss
major
limitations
aim
address
theoretical
concerns.
Acta Biomaterialia,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
180, С. 1 - 17
Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2024
This
analysis
explores
the
principal
regulatory
concerns
linked
to
nanomedicines
and
gene
vaccines,
including
complexities
involved
perspectives
on
how
navigate
them.
In
realm
of
nanomedicines,
ensuring
safety
nanomaterials
is
paramount
due
their
unique
characteristics
potential
interactions
with
biological
systems.
Regulatory
bodies
are
actively
formulating
guidelines
standards
assess
risks
associated
nanomedicine
products,
emphasizing
need
for
standardized
characterization
techniques
accurately
gauge
effectiveness.
Regarding
frameworks
must
be
tailored
address
distinct
challenges
posed
by
genetic
interventions,
necessitating
special
considerations
in
efficacy
evaluations,
particularly
concerning
vector
design,
target
specificity,
long-term
patient
monitoring.
Ethical
such
as
autonomy,
informed
consent,
privacy
also
demand
careful
attention,
alongside
intricate
matter
intellectual
property
rights,
which
balanced
against
imperative
widespread
access
these
life-saving
treatments.
Collaborative
efforts
among
bodies,
researchers,
patent
offices,
private
sector
essential
tackle
effectively,
international
cooperation
being
especially
crucial
given
global
scope
vaccine
development.
Striking
right
balance
between
safeguarding
properties
promoting
public
health
vital
fostering
innovation
equitable
ground-breaking
technologies,
underscoring
significance
addressing
hurdles
fully
harness
benefits
vaccines
enhancing
healthcare
outcomes
a
scale.
STATEMENT
OF
SIGNIFICANCE:
Several
biomaterials
proposed
development
nanovaccines,
from
polymeric
micelles,
PLGA-/PEI-/PLL-nanoparticles,
solid
lipid
nananoparticles,
cationic
lipoplexes,
liposomes,
hybrid
materials,
dendrimers,
carbon
nanotubes,
hydrogels,
quantum
dots.
Lipid
nanoparticles
(LNPs)
have
gained
tremendous
attention
since
US
Food
Drug
Administration
(FDA)
approval
Pfizer
Moderna's
COVID-19
raising
awareness
vaccines.
review
provides
insights
into
current
strategies
issues,
clinical
trials.
By
navigating
landscapes
we
can
unlock
full
using
range
promising
towards
improving
worldwide.
Molecular Biomedicine,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
6(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025
Abstract
Cancer
vaccines,
crucial
in
the
immunotherapeutic
landscape,
are
bifurcated
into
preventive
and
therapeutic
types,
both
integral
to
combating
oncogenesis.
Preventive
cancer
like
those
against
HPV
HBV,
reduce
incidence
of
virus-associated
cancers,
while
vaccines
aim
activate
dendritic
cells
cytotoxic
T
lymphocytes
for
durable
anti-tumor
immunity.
Recent
advancements
vaccine
platforms,
such
as
synthetic
peptides,
mRNA,
DNA,
cellular,
nano-vaccines,
have
enhanced
antigen
presentation
immune
activation.
Despite
US
Food
Drug
Administration
approval
several
full
potential
remains
unrealized
due
challenges
selection,
tumor-mediated
immunosuppression,
optimization
delivery
systems.
This
review
provides
a
comprehensive
analysis
aims
implications
vaccine,
innovative
discovery
neoantigens
enhancing
specificity,
latest
strides
platforms.
It
also
critically
evaluates
role
adjuvants
immunogenicity
mitigating
immunosuppressive
tumor
microenvironment.
The
further
examines
synergistic
combining
with
other
therapies,
chemotherapy,
radiotherapy,
checkpoint
inhibitors,
improve
outcomes.
Overcoming
barriers
effective
identification,
microenvironments,
adverse
effects
is
critical
advancing
development.
By
addressing
these
challenges,
can
offer
significant
improvements
patient
outcomes
broaden
scope
personalized
immunotherapy.
Vaccines,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
11(11), С. 1633 - 1633
Опубликована: Окт. 25, 2023
Cancer
immunotherapies
refer
to
the
concept
of
retraining
immune
system
target
malignant
cells.
Multiple
immunotherapeutic
options
exist
including
modulating
antibodies,
stimulating
cytokines,
chimeric
antigen
receptor
T
cell
therapy,
and
vaccines.
Overall,
this
field
has
advanced
rapidly
as
knowledge
tumor
microenvironment,
immunological
pathways,
biotechnology
expands.
Specifically,
advancements
in
neoantigen
identification,
characterization,
formulation
into
a
vaccine
show
promise.
This
review
is
focused
on
previously
United
States
Food
Drug
Administration-approved
cancer
therapeutic
vaccines
neoantigen-based
developments
along
with
associated
relevant
clinical
trials.
Current Research in Biotechnology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
7, С. 100177 - 100177
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Since
millions
of
cancer-related
deaths
and
diagnoses
exist
yearly,
malignant
tumors
are
a
primary
worldwide
health
concern.
A
promising
method
for
treating
cancer
is
tumor
immunotherapy,
which
focuses
on
neoantigens.
Neoantigens
tumor-specific
antigens
expressed
cells
due
to
genetic
changes,
viral
infections,
or
other
biological
processes.
They
serve
as
excellent
immune
system
targets
identify
attack
cancerous
cells.
more
immunogenic
than
tumor-associated
(TAAs)
because
they
lack
central
tolerance.
Successful
clinical
trials
neoantigen-based
vaccines
have
raised
interest
in
individualized
immunotherapy.
Furthermore,
neoantigens
represent
significant
advancement
offering
the
potential
personalized
effective
treatments.
The
identification,
synthesis,
application
hold
promise
improving
patient
outcomes
revolutionizing
treatment
approaches.
This
review
significance
their
classification
synthesis
neoantigen
vaccines,
principles
underlying
therapeutic
efficacy.
Biomedicines,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(8), С. 1851 - 1851
Опубликована: Авг. 14, 2024
Advances
in
melanoma
research
have
unveiled
critical
insights
into
its
genetic
and
molecular
landscape,
leading
to
significant
therapeutic
innovations.
This
review
explores
the
intricate
interplay
between
alterations,
such
as
mutations
BRAF,
NRAS,
KIT,
pathogenesis.
The
MAPK
PI3K/Akt/mTOR
signaling
pathways
are
highlighted
for
their
roles
tumor
growth
resistance
mechanisms.
Additionally,
this
delves
impact
of
epigenetic
modifications,
including
DNA
methylation
histone
changes,
on
progression.
microenvironment,
characterized
by
immune
cells,
stromal
soluble
factors,
plays
a
pivotal
role
modulating
behavior
treatment
responses.
Emerging
technologies
like
single-cell
sequencing,
CRISPR-Cas9,
AI-driven
diagnostics
transforming
research,
offering
precise
personalized
approaches
treatment.
Immunotherapy,
particularly
checkpoint
inhibitors
mRNA
vaccines,
has
revolutionized
therapy
enhancing
body’s
response.
Despite
these
advances,
mechanisms
remain
challenge,
underscoring
need
combined
therapies
ongoing
achieve
durable
comprehensive
overview
aims
highlight
current
state
transformative
impacts
advancements
clinical
practice.
Abstract
Background
Neoantigen
vaccines
can
induce
or
enhance
highly
specific
antitumor
immune
responses
with
minimal
risk
of
autoimmunity.
We
have
developed
a
neoantigen
DNA
vaccine
platform
capable
efficiently
presenting
both
HLA
class
I
and
II
epitopes
performed
phase
1
clinical
trial
in
triple-negative
breast
cancer
patients
persistent
disease
on
surgical
pathology
following
neoadjuvant
chemotherapy,
patient
population
at
high
recurrence.
Methods
Expressed
somatic
mutations
were
identified
by
tumor/normal
exome
sequencing
tumor
RNA
sequencing.
The
pVACtools
software
suite
prediction
algorithms
was
used
to
identify
prioritize
neoantigens
facilitate
design
for
manufacture
an
academic
GMP
facility.
administered
via
electroporation
the
adjuvant
setting
(i.e.,
removal
primary
completion
standard
care
therapy).
Vaccines
monitored
safety
ELISpot,
intracellular
cytokine
production
flow
cytometry,
TCR
Results
Eighteen
subjects
received
three
doses
encoding
average
11
per
(range
4–20).
vaccinations
well
tolerated
relatively
few
adverse
events.
Neoantigen-specific
T
cell
induced
14/18
as
measured
ELISpot
cytometry.
At
median
follow-up
36
months,
recurrence-free
survival
87.5%
(95%
CI:
72.7–100%)
cohort
vaccinated
patients.
Conclusion
Our
study
demonstrates
are
safe,
feasible,
inducing
neoantigen-specific
responses.
Clinical
registration
number
NCT02348320.
