Incidence of type 2 diabetes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Naples, Italy: a longitudinal cohort study

EClinicalMedicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 66, С. 102345 - 102345

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2023

BackgroundThe association of COVID-19 with the development new-onset diabetes has been recently investigated by several groups, yielding controversial results. Population studies currently available in literature are mostly focused on type 1 (T1D), comparing patients a SARS-CoV-2 positive test to individuals without COVID-19, especially paediatric populations. In this study, we sought determine incidence 2 (T2D) before and during pandemic.MethodsIn longitudinal cohort analysed followed up over 6-year period using an Interrupted Time Series approach, i.e. 3-years pandemic. We data obtained from >200,000 adults Naples (Italy) January 1st 2017 December 31st 2022. manner, had opportunity compare newly diagnosed T2D (2017–2019) (2020–2022) The key inclusion criteria were age >18-year-old availability for observation; diagnosis excluded. main outcome study was new T2D, as defined International Classification Diseases 10 (ICD-X), including prescription antidiabetic therapies more than 30 days.FindingsA total 234,956 subjects followed-up at least or pandemic included study; among these, 216,498 pre-pandemic years 216,422 years. rate 4.85 (95% CI, 4.68–5.02) per 1000 person-years 2017–2019, vs 12.21 11.94–12.48) 2020–2022, increase about twice half. Moreover, doubling time number diagnoses estimated unadjusted Poisson model 97.12 40.51–153.75) months prepandemic 23.13 16.02–41.59) Interestingly, these findings also confirmed when examining prediabetes.InterpretationOur 200,000 adult participants indicate that significantly higher compared pre-COVID-19 phase. As consequence, epidemiology disease may change terms rates outcomes well public health costs. survivors, prediabetes, require specific clinical programs prevent T2D.FundingThe US National Institutes Health (NIH: NIDDK, NHLBI, NCATS), Diabetes Action Research Education Foundation, Weill-Caulier Hirschl Trusts.

Язык: Английский

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Potential Beneficial Effects of Naringin and Naringenin on Long COVID—A Review of the Literature

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(2), С. 332 - 332

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused a severe epidemic due to acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Recent studies have found that patients do not completely recover from infections, but instead, suffer variety of post-acute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 infection, known as long COVID. The effects COVID can be far-reaching, with duration up six months and range symptoms such cognitive dysfunction, immune dysregulation, microbiota dysbiosis, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, myocarditis, pulmonary fibrosis, cough, diabetes, pain, reproductive thrombus formation. However, recent shown naringenin naringin palliative on various COVID-19 sequelae. Flavonoids naringenin, commonly in fruits vegetables, positive effects, including reducing inflammation, preventing viral providing antioxidants. This article discusses the molecular mechanisms clinical treating above diseases. It proposes them potential drugs for treatment COVID, it inferred exhibit extended medications, future likely serving nutraceuticals or supplements comprehensive alleviation manifestations complications.

Язык: Английский

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Comparative Study of Oxidative Stress Responses in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes and Transient Hyperglycemia

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(4), С. 1701 - 1701

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2025

Hyperglycemia significantly initiates oxidative stress in children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). This study investigates the differences markers between pediatric patients T1DM and those experiencing transient hyperglycemia. In this case-control study, 42 T1DM, according to ISPAD (International Society for Pediatric Adolescent Diabetes), their healthy counterparts, aged 1-6 years old, participated. Blood samples were analyzed biomarkers such as malondialdehyde (MDA) glutathione peroxidase (GPx). There was no statistically significant association found A1c % age, BMI, insulin dose (p > 0.05). A negative correlation Se, Zn, cholesterol, GSH, GPx < 0.05), well a meaningful positive 0.001). GSH exhibited 0.001) diabetic group. comparison control participants, plasma MDA levels (1.3 ± 0.36 µmol/L) had already increased significantly. did correlate group triglyceride 0.0001) or total cholesterol. group, cholesterol normal apparently not influence levels. The state remained unchanged participants temporary hyperglycemia, even though altered link selenium, zinc, lipids.

Язык: Английский

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Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and Kawasaki disease

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2025

This narrative review aims to analyze and compare the current literature on multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) Kawasaki disease (KD), with a focus case definitions, clinical features, diagnostic approaches, treatment strategies, outcomes. Through comprehensive of relevant studies, including screening titles, abstracts, full-text articles, key similarities differences were identified. Both MIS-C KD involve immune system dysregulation share manifestations such as rash, gastrointestinal symptoms, cardiovascular involvement, treatments often centered around immunomodulatory therapies. However, significant observed, particularly terms age distribution, demographic prevalence, presentation, criteria, primarily affecting younger being associated more prominently coronary artery abnormalities. While both diseases raise concerns about severe cardiac involvement need for intensive care, their pathogenic mechanisms have not been fully understood. Ongoing research is critical elucidating these mechanisms, refining optimizing therapeutic approaches improve outcomes affected children. comparative analysis essential advancing understanding conditions, accurately distinguishing between has implications decision-making patient management. Given overlapping yet distinct precise differentiation ensuring timely diagnosis, improving The concern among pediatric patients stems from potential complications, which underscores heightened awareness, early recognition, evidence-based strategies minimize long-term morbidity mortality.

Язык: Английский

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Challenging directions in pediatric diabetes - the place of oxidative stress and antioxidants in systemic decline

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Дек. 18, 2024

Diabetes is a complex condition with rising global incidence, and its impact equally evident in pediatric practice. Regardless of whether we are dealing type 1 or 2 diabetes, the development complications following onset disease inevitable. Consequently, contemporary medicine must concentrate on understanding pathophysiological mechanisms driving systemic decline finding ways to address them. We particularly interested effects oxidative stress target cells organs, such as pancreatic islets, retina, kidneys, neurological cardiovascular systems. Our goal explore, using latest data from international scientific databases, relationship between persistence damage associated diabetes children. Additionally, highlight beneficial roles antioxidants vitamins, minerals, polyphenols, other bioactive molecules; mitigating pathogenic cascade, detailing how they intervene their properties. As result, our study provides comprehensive exploration key aspects stress-antioxidants-pediatric triad, expanding significance various diseases.

Язык: Английский

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The Roles of Glutathione and Oxidative Stress in Diabetes and COVID-19

Опубликована: Июль 24, 2024

Evidence suggests that COVID-19 infection increases the risk of type 1 (T1D) and 2 diabetes (T2D). Diabetes, in turn, susceptibility contributes to increased morbidity mortality. Oxidative stress (OxS) has emerged as a common factor driving pathogenesis caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The mechanistic links between OxS, T2D, have primarily been studied adults will be summarized this review. However, we suggest studying these interconnections children young is critical since early intervention optimal for improving outcomes. At height pandemic, was leading cause death people, people age group are susceptible elderly. Glutathione (GSH) primary water-soluble intracellular antioxidant can deficient both COVID-19. GSH tripeptide containing cysteine (CYS), glutamic acid (GLU), glycine (GLY). Strategies increase levels may beneficial helping manage COVID-19-induced well diabetes-induced risk. Dietary supplementation with GlyNAC it contains two metabolic precursors, i.e., n-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) GLY.

Язык: Английский

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Pediatric endocarditis - a stone left after the pandemic cascade

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14

Опубликована: Июль 15, 2024

Infective endocarditis is a rare disease in children. The etiology mainly bacterial. However, viral infective endocarditis, possibly related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has also been reported. pathophysiological principle of the connection between two entities seems be attributed transient immune deficiency body during infection. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 reported literature as direct cardiopathic virus. Therefore, new have ability affect both intact cardiac tissue and previously damaged one episode at distance from it. Consequently, we propose review main aspects pediatric damage caused by SARS-CoV-2. ultimate goal deepen existing knowledge, broaden horizon understanding analysis regarding systemic induced infections, strengthen an information base which start meta-analysis. Next, performed non-systematized screening specialized with reference cases population, period 2020–2023. From total articles found, chose include number 6 case reports, including 7 patients (5 children adolescents). Analysis reports suggests that infection could play role development either directly through active or indirectly post-infectious response. Also, pre-existing conditions complex medical history predispose increased risk developing severe, complicated form endocarditis. lack data on vaccination failure categorize depending type antibodies (IgM IgG) some studies represent major bias reports. latter make it difficult evaluate influence impact versus chronic course cases.

Язык: Английский

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The Roles of Glutathione and Oxidative Stress in Diabetes and COVID-19

Oxygen, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 4(3), С. 351 - 362

Опубликована: Сен. 5, 2024

Evidence suggests that COVID-19 infection increases the risk of type 1 (T1D) and 2 diabetes (T2D). Diabetes, in turn, susceptibility contributes to increased morbidity mortality. Oxidative stress has emerged as a common factor driving pathogenesis caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. The mechanistic links between oxidative stress, diabetes, have primarily been studied adults will be summarized this review. However, we suggest studying these interconnections children young is critical since early intervention optimal for improving outcomes. At height pandemic, was leading cause death people, people age group are susceptible elderly. Glutathione primary water-soluble intracellular antioxidant can deficient both COVID-19. tripeptide containing cysteine, glutamic acid, glycine. Strategies increase glutathione levels may beneficial helping manage COVID-19-induced diabetes-induced risk. Dietary supplementation with glycine plus n-acetyl-l-cysteine it contains two metabolic precursors.

Язык: Английский

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Impact of SARS-COV-2 (COVID) Infections on Mental Health Diagnoses in Youth With Chronic Illness

JAACAP Open, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 2(3), С. 180 - 187

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024

ObjectiveStressors from the COVID-19 pandemic and limited availability of mental health services have negatively impacted youth in a significant way. In first year pandemic, global prevalence anxiety depression increased by roughly 25% pediatric populations. While general trend is clear, our research aims to 1) explore added burden acute on patients with chronic conditions 2) describe differences outcomes between two common (asthma diabetes) order better understand specific factors that may increase susceptibility concerns.MethodUsing TriNetX database, we extracted data for all (aged 5-17 years) positive SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) within one time frame (April 7, 2021 April 6, 2022). These were divided into four cohorts based presence prior infection: those diabetes (n = 1,587), asthma 13,217), plus 626), without or 104,427). For cohorts, excluded other illness previous diagnoses using relevant ICD-10 codes. After matching demographics, comorbid conditions, BMI, compared odds ratios following after 6 months: new psychiatric diagnosis, codes, hospitalization 1 week, mortality.ResultsAfter matching, there statistically healthy controls months. Compared controls, cohort OR developing diagnosis was 1.4 (CI 1.15-1.71, p <0.001) 1.81 1.11-2.94, 0.015). The 0.62 0.39-0.99, 0.045), suggesting particularly susceptible additional an infection.ConclusionCompared experienced infection.

Язык: Английский

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COMORBID PATIENT WITH ACTIVE SARS-CoV-2 INFECTION AND METABOLICASSOCIATED STEATOTIC LIVER DISEASE

Bulletin of Problems Biology and Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 1(1), С. 137 - 137

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

and can be a necessary element of active longevity.Therefore, teaching medical students the basic principles rational nutrition is primary task entire staff university.

Язык: Английский

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