Diet and lifestyle impact the development and progression of Alzheimer’s dementia

Frontiers in Nutrition, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10

Опубликована: Июнь 29, 2023

Dementia is a growing public health concern, with an estimated prevalence of 57 million adults worldwide. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) accounts for 60–80% the cases. Clinical trials testing potential drugs and neuroprotective agents have proven futile, currently approved only provide symptomatic benefits. Emerging epidemiological clinical studies suggest that lifestyle changes, including diet physical activity, offer alternative therapeutic route slowing preventing cognitive decline dementia. Age single most common risk factor dementia, it associated cellular bioenergetics metabolic processes. Therefore, nutrient-rich critical optimal brain health. Furthermore, type 2 diabetes (T2D) AD, diets reduce T2D may confer neuroprotection. Foods predominant in Mediterranean, MIND, DASH diets, fruits, leafy green vegetables, fish, nuts, olive oil, prevent or slow decline. The mechanisms by which these nutrients promote health, however, are not yet completely understood. Other dietary approaches eating regimes, ketogenic intermittent fasting, also emerging as beneficial This review summarizes pathophysiology, factors, pathways activated several regimes shown promising results promoting

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19 and Long COVID: Disruption of the Neurovascular Unit, Blood-Brain Barrier, and Tight Junctions

The Neuroscientist, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 30(4), С. 421 - 439

Опубликована: Сен. 11, 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of disease 2019 (COVID-19), could affect brain structure and function. SARS-CoV-2 can enter through different routes, including olfactory, trigeminal, vagus nerves, blood immunocytes. may also from peripheral a disrupted blood-brain barrier (BBB). The neurovascular unit in brain, composed neurons, astrocytes, endothelial cells, pericytes, protects parenchyma by regulating entry substances blood. astrocytes highly express angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE2), indicating that BBB be disturbed lead to derangements tight junction adherens proteins. This leads increased permeability, leakage components, movement immune cells into parenchyma. cross microvascular an ACE2 receptor–associated pathway. exact mechanism dysregulation COVID-19/neuro-COVID is not clearly known, nor development long COVID. Various biomarkers indicate severity neurologic complications COVID-19 help objectively diagnose those developing review highlights importance disruption, as well some potentially useful COVID-19, COVID/neuro-COVID.

Язык: Английский

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Reactive gliosis in traumatic brain injury: a comprehensive review

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2024

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common pathological conditions impacting central nervous system (CNS). A neurological deficit associated with TBI results from a complex pathogenetic mechanisms including glutamate excitotoxicity, inflammation, demyelination, programmed cell death, or development edema. The critical components contributing to CNS response, damage control, and regeneration after are glial cells–in reaction tissue damage, their activation, hypertrophy, proliferation occur, followed by formation scar. scar creates barrier in damaged helps protect acute phase post-injury. However, this process prevents complete recovery late/chronic producing permanent scarring, which significantly impacts function. Various types participate formation, but mostly attributed reactive astrocytes microglia, play important roles several pathologies. Novel technologies whole-genome transcriptomic epigenomic analyses, unbiased proteomics, show that both microglia represent groups heterogenic subpopulations different genomic functional characteristics, responsible for role neurodegeneration, neuroprotection regeneration. Depending on representation distinct glia subpopulations, as well regenerative processes delayed neurodegeneration may thus differ nearby remote areas structures. This review summarizes process, where resultant effect severity-, region- time-dependent determined model distance explored area lesion site. Here, we also discuss findings concerning intercellular signaling, long-term possibilities novel therapeutical approaches. We believe comprehensive study an emphasis cells, involved post-injury processes, be helpful further research decisive factor when choosing model.

Язык: Английский

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Mechanisms of inflammation after ischemic stroke in brain-peripheral crosstalk

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17

Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2024

Stroke is a devastating disease with high morbidity, disability, and mortality, among which ischemic stroke more common. However, there still lack of effective methods to improve the prognosis reduce incidence its complications. At present, evidence that peripheral organs are involved in inflammatory response after stroke. Moreover, interaction between central inflammation includes activation resident immune cells, as well inflammation-related signaling pathways, all play an important role pathophysiology In this review, we discuss mechanisms stroke, interactions through circulatory pathways (such gut, heart, lung spleen) brain mediate regulate We also propose potential meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs)-cervical lymph nodes (CLNs) brain-peripheral crosstalk pathway addition, summarize anti-inflammatory drugs treatment

Язык: Английский

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Synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection: The molecular impact of flavonoids on neurodegenerative disease progression

Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 569, С. 161 - 183

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Flavonoids and ischemic stroke-induced neuroinflammation: Focus on the glial cells

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 170, С. 115847 - 115847

Опубликована: Ноя. 27, 2023

Ischemic stroke is one of the most cases worldwide, with high rate morbidity and mortality. In pathological process ischemic stroke, neuroinflammation an essential that defines functional prognosis. After onset, microglia, astrocytes infiltrating immune cells contribute to a complicated cascade play roles in pathophysiological variations stroke. Both microglia undergo both morphological changes, thereby deeply participate neuronal inflammation via releasing pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory factors. Flavonoids are plant-specific secondary metabolites can protect against cerebral ischemia injury modulating inflammatory responses. For instances, quercetin inhibit expression release cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6 IL-1β, nervous system (CNS). Apigenin rutin promote polarization genotype then neuroinflammation. this review, we focused on dual activated reactive astrocyte following discussed anti-neuroinflammation some flavonoids. Importantly, aimed reveal new strategies for alleviating

Язык: Английский

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Myricetin suppresses traumatic brain injury-induced inflammatory response via EGFR/AKT/STAT pathway

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 20, 2023

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common disease in neurosurgery with high fatality and disability rate which imposes huge burden on society patient's family. Inhibition of neuroinflammation caused by microglia activation reasonable strategy to promote neurological recovery after TBI. Myricetin natural flavonoid that has shown good therapeutic effects variety models, but its effect TBI not clear. We demonstrated intraperitoneal injection appropriate doses myricetin significantly improved function Sprague Dawley rats inhibited excessive inflammatory responses around the lesion site. dramatically reduced expression toxic markers generated LPS, according outcomes vivo vitro tests. In particular, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase 2, some pro-inflammatory cytokines was reduced, protected learning memory functions rats. Through network pharmacological analysis, we found may inhibit hyperactivation through EGFR-AKT/STAT pathway. These findings imply promising treatment option for management following

Язык: Английский

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A narrative review on the mechanism of natural flavonoids in improving glucolipid metabolism disorders

Phytotherapy Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 38(8), С. 4202 - 4229

Опубликована: Июнь 26, 2024

Abstract Glucolipid metabolism disorder (GLMD) is a complex chronic disease characterized by glucose and lipid disorders with diverse etiology rapidly increasing incidence. Many studies have identified the role of flavonoids in ameliorating GLMD, mechanisms related to peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors, nuclear factor kappa‐B, AMP‐activated protein kinase, (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2, transporter type 4, phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase/protein kinase B pathway. However, comprehensive summary flavonoid effects on GLMD lacking. This study reviewed roles natural different structures treatment reported globally past 5 years provides reference for developing as drugs treating GLMD.

Язык: Английский

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Flavonoids serve as a promising therapeutic agent for ischemic stroke

Brain Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 149528 - 149528

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Systemic Neuroprotection by Chlorogenic Acid: Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Evaluation in Early Neurodegeneration Induced by 3-Nitropropionic Acid in Mice

Neurochemical Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 50(2)

Опубликована: Март 4, 2025

Neurodegeneration is characterized by the progressive loss of neurons commonly attributed to neurological causes. Studies published over past two decades suggest that neurodegeneration may occur due systemic diseases compromise energy metabolism throughout body. This metabolic imbalance develops before clinically documented or inferred. It now accepted long-lasting oxidative stress and inflammation link with altered in Systemic prevention these factors reduce odds developing delay prevent its progression as individuals age. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) a polyphenol prevalent fruits vegetables exhibits antioxidant anti-inflammatory properties. serve neuroprotectant when consumed regularly onset neurodegeneration. To test this possibility, an experimental model striatal early induced administration 3-nitropropionic (3-NP) was used. toxin inhibits succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), disrupts electron flow leads increased production reactive oxygen species (ROS) pro-inflammatory environment. The severity symptoms 3-NP varies depending on dosage, duration exposure route. In brain, affects medium spiny basal ganglia less degree pyramidal from frontal cortex, feature observed Huntington's disease (HD). aim study investigate properties CGA 3-NP-induced significantly reduced lipid peroxidation promoted profile brain co-administered 3-NP. These results support could challenged environmental toxins disrupt mitochondrial function.

Язык: Английский

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