COVID-19 Complications: Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial and Endothelial Dysfunction

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(19), С. 14876 - 14876

Опубликована: Окт. 4, 2023

SARS-CoV-2 infection, discovered and isolated in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, causes acute atypical respiratory symptoms has led to profound changes our lives. COVID-19 is characterized by a wide range of complications, which include pulmonary embolism, thromboembolism arterial clot formation, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, multiorgan failure, more. The disease caused worldwide pandemic, despite various measures such as social distancing, preventive strategies, therapeutic approaches, the creation vaccines, novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) still hides many mysteries for scientific community. Oxidative stress been suggested play an essential role pathogenesis COVID-19, determining free radical levels patients with may provide insight into severity. generation abnormal oxidants under COVID-19-induced cytokine storm irreversible oxidation macromolecules subsequent damage cells, tissues, organs. Clinical studies have shown that oxidative initiates endothelial damage, increases risk complications post-COVID-19 or long-COVID-19 cases. This review describes radicals mediation mitochondrial dysfunction.

Язык: Английский

---

Diverse immunological dysregulation, chronic inflammation, and impaired erythropoiesis in long COVID patients with chronic fatigue syndrome

Journal of Autoimmunity, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 147, С. 103267 - 103267

Опубликована: Май 25, 2024

A substantial number of patients recovering from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection present serious lingering symptoms, often referred to as long COVID (LC). However, a subset these exhibits the most debilitating symptoms characterized by ongoing myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). We specifically identified and studied ME/CFS two independent LC cohorts, at least 12 months post onset disease, compared them recovered group (R). had relatively increased neutrophils monocytes but reduced lymphocytes. Selective T cell exhaustion with naïve terminal effector cells was observed in patients. associated elevated levels plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, Galectin-9 (Gal-9), artemin (ARTN). defined threshold Gal-9 ARTN concentrations strong association LC. The expansion immunosuppressive CD71

Язык: Английский

---

Mechanisms of Pulmonary Vasculopathy in Acute and Long-Term COVID-19: A Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(9), С. 4941 - 4941

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2024

Despite the end of pandemic, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a major public health concern. The first waves virus led to better understanding its pathogenesis, highlighting fact that there is specific pulmonary vascular disorder. Indeed, COVID-19 may predispose patients thrombotic in both venous and arterial circulation, many cases severe acute embolism have been reported. demonstrated presence respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) within endothelial cells suggests direct viral effects, addition indirect effects perivascular inflammation coagulopathy, contribute vasculopathy COVID-19. In this review, we discuss pathological mechanisms leading damage during infection, which appear be mainly related thromboembolic events, an impaired coagulation cascade, micro- macrovascular thrombosis, endotheliitis hypoxic vasoconstriction. As develop post-COVID symptoms, including dyspnea, also hypothesis hypertension as sequela involved pathophysiology long COVID.

Язык: Английский

---

Epstein–Barr virus-acquired immunodeficiency in myalgic encephalomyelitis—Is it present in long COVID?

Journal of Translational Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 17, 2023

Abstract Both myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and long COVID (LC) are characterized by similar immunological alterations, persistence of viral infection, autoimmunity, inflammatory state, reactivation, hypocortisolism, microclot formation. They also present with symptoms such as asthenia, exercise intolerance, sleep disorders, cognitive dysfunction, neurological gastrointestinal complaints. In addition, both pathologies Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) indicating the possibility this being link between pathologies. Therefore, we propose that latency recurrent EBV reactivation could generate an acquired immunodeficiency in three steps: first, develops individuals “weak” HLA-II haplotypes, which prevents control I cells. Second, ectopic lymphoid structures form different tissues (including CNS), promoting responses further impairment cell-mediated immunity. Finally, immune exhaustion occurs due to exposure antigens, consolidation disease. case LC, prior first step, there is previous SARS-CoV-2 infection haplotypes against and/or EBV.

Язык: Английский

---

A Narrative Review on Gut Microbiome Disturbances and Microbial Preparations in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Implications for Long COVID

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(11), С. 1545 - 1545

Опубликована: Май 21, 2024

Myalgic encephalomyelitis, also known as chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), and long COVID are complex, multisystemic long-term disabling conditions characterized by debilitating post-exertional malaise other core symptoms related to immune dysregulation resultant from post-viral infection, including mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation gut dysbiosis. The reported associations between altered microbiota composition cardinal of ME/CFS suggest that the use microbial preparations, such probiotics, restoring homeostasis brain–immune–gut axis, may help in management both conditions. Therefore, this review aims investigate implications alerted microbiome assess evidence supporting microbial-based synbiotics, postbiotics alone and/or combination with nutraceuticals fatigue, inflammation neuropsychiatric gastrointestinal among patients COVID.

Язык: Английский

---

Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 on Cardiovascular System and the Risk Markers: A Systematic Review

SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2025

Язык: Английский

---

Dynamics of oxidative stress markers and mental status in patients with post-COVID-19 asthenic syndrome: Effects of adjunctive systemic ozone therapy

Russian Open Medical Journal, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Март 31, 2025

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of systemic ozone therapy, when used as an adjunct pharmacological treatment, on plasma levels malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and measures mental status in patients with post-COVID-19 asthenic syndrome (PCAS). Material Methods — A total 140 patients, aged 18 45 years, (PCAS) were examined treated. These randomly divided into two groups: a main group (n=70) receiving therapy addition comparison only treatment. Pre- post-treatment outcomes assessed by measuring MDA, SOD, GPx, employing MFI-20, MoCA, ISI, HAM-A, CGI-S scales. Results Prior exhibited elevated insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) reduced neurotrophic factors (BDNF NGF) blood serum. Those treated resveratrol standard treatment showed more pronounced changes IGF-1, BDNF, NGF compared group, their approaching those control group. Based MoCA scale, significant improvement cognitive function. Conclusion Adjunctive combined resulted reduction oxidative stress among Notably, 95% experienced complete or near-complete resolution PCAS symptoms. findings suggest that may be effective pathogenetically relevant strategy for comprehensive outpatient management PCAS.

Язык: Английский

---

Pre-Infection Nutritional Status, Oxidative Stress, and One-Year-Long COVID Persistence in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Prospective Cohort Study

Clinics and Practice, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(3), С. 892 - 905

Опубликована: Май 17, 2024

Background: Nutritional status’s role in long COVID is evident the general population, yet unexplored patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD), posing a research gap. We hypothesized that pre-infection undernutrition HD might impact persistence by accelerating oxidative stress. The present study aimed to investigate association between nutritional status, stress, and one-year-long patients. Methods: This prospective observational cohort enrolled 115 with confirmed COVID-19. status was assessed using Controlling Status (CONUT) score twice: before infection three months post-infection. Oxidative markers included malondialdehyde (MDAs), ceruloplasmin, transferrin, sulfhydryl groups. endpoint persistence. Results: Moderate CONUT scores were associated heightened severe risk (p < 0.0001), elevated MDAs reduced ceruloplasmin levels = 0.0009) at post-COVID-19 compared light scores. Pre-infection independently predicted post-COVID damage [OR 2.3 (95% CI 1.2; 4.6), p 0.0001] [HR 4.6 1.4; 9.9), 0.0001], even after adjusting for potential confounders. Conclusion: heightens stress increases of

Язык: Английский

---

Long COVID as a Disease of Accelerated Biological Aging: An Opportunity to Translate Geroscience Interventions

Ageing Research Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 99, С. 102400 - 102400

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Effects of Acetyl-L-Carnitine on Oxidative Stress in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients: Evaluation on Plasma Markers and Members of the Neurovascular Unit

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(10), С. 1887 - 1887

Опубликована: Окт. 20, 2023

Oxidative stress, the alteration of mitochondrial function, and neurovascular unit (NVU), play a role in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) pathogenesis. We aimed to demonstrate changes plasma redox system nitric oxide (NO) 32 new ALS-diagnosed patients treatment with Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR) compared healthy controls. also evaluated effects on human umbilical cord-derived endothelial vascular cells (HUVEC) astrocytes. The analyses were performed at baseline (T0), after three months (T1), six (T2). In ALS T0/T1, markers lipid peroxidation, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) 4-hydroxy nonenal (4-HNE) higher, whereas antioxidants, glutathione (GSH) peroxidase (GPx) activity lower than At T2, TBARS 4-HNE decreased, GSH GPx increased patients. As regards NO, levels firmly T0–T2 those Cell viability, membrane potential HUVEC/astrocytes treated reduced, while oxidant release increased. Those results, which confirmed fundamental oxidative NVU pathogenesis, can have double meaning, acting as disease drug clinical practice during trials.

Язык: Английский

---