The knowns and unknowns of long COVID-19: from mechanisms to therapeutical approaches

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Март 4, 2024

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been defined as the greatest global health and socioeconomic crisis of modern times. While most people recover after being infected with virus, a significant proportion them continue to experience issues weeks, months even years acute infection SARS-CoV-2. This persistence clinical symptoms in individuals for at least three onset or emergence new lasting more than two months, without any other explanation alternative diagnosis have named long COVID, long-haul post-COVID-19 conditions, chronic post-acute sequelae (PASC). Long COVID characterized constellation disorders that vary widely their manifestations. Further, mechanisms underlying are not fully understood, which hamper efficient treatment options. review describes predictors common related COVID's effects on central peripheral nervous system organs tissues. Furthermore, transcriptional markers, molecular signaling pathways risk factors such sex, age, pre-existing condition, hospitalization during phase COVID-19, vaccination, lifestyle presented. Finally, recommendations patient rehabilitation management, well therapeutical approaches discussed. Understanding complexity this disease, its across multiple organ systems overlapping pathologies possible paramount developing diagnostic tools treatments.

Язык: Английский

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An intersectional analysis of long COVID prevalence

International Journal for Equity in Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 13, 2023

Long COVID symptoms - which include brain fog, depression, and fatigue are mild at best debilitating worst. Some U.S. health surveys have found that women, lower income individuals, those with less education overrepresented among adults long COVID, but these studies do not address intersectionality. To fill this gap, we conduct an intersectional analysis of the prevalence outcomes in We posit disparities to virus itself more social determinants health, especially associated occupational segregation gendered division household work.We use 10 rounds Household Pulse Survey (HPS) data collected between June 2022 March 2023 perform using a battery descriptive statistics evaluate (1) (2) interference day-to-day activities. also HPS estimate set multivariate logistic regressions relate odds having activity limitations due individual characteristics as well intersections by sex, race/ethnicity, education, sexual orientation gender identity.Findings indicate some people color, minorities, without college degrees likely from COVID. Women considerably higher developing compared men, disparity exacerbated education. Intersectional gender, race, ethnicity, reveals striking step-like pattern: college-educated men lowest while women educations highest prevalence. Daily evenly distributed across demographics, different pattern is present: fewer widespread degrees. Regression results confirm negative association being woman, educated, Hispanic, minority, for effects nuanced.Results point systematic highlighting urgent need policies increase access quality healthcare, strengthen safety net, reduce economic precarity.

Язык: Английский

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Long COVID or Post-COVID-19 Condition: Past, Present and Future Research Directions

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(12), С. 2959 - 2959

Опубликована: Дек. 11, 2023

The presence of symptoms after an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection (long-COVID) has become a worldwide healthcare emergency but remains underestimated and undertreated due to lack recognition the condition knowledge underlying mechanisms. In fact, prevalence post-COVID ranges from 50% during first months up 20% two-years after. This perspective review aimed map existing literature on identify gaps in guide global effort toward improved understanding long-COVID suggest future research directions. There is plethora symptomatology that can be COVID-19; however, today, there no clear classification definition this condition, termed or post-COVID-19 condition. heterogeneity led groups/clusters patients, which could exhibit different risk factors Viral persistence, long-lasting inflammation, immune dysregulation, autoimmune reactions, reactivation latent infections, endothelial dysfunction alteration gut microbiota have been proposed as potential mechanisms explaining complexity long-COVID. such equation, viral biology (e.g., re-infections, variants), host genetics, epigenetics) external vaccination) should also considered. These various will discussed current directions suggested.

Язык: Английский

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Patients with unmet social needs are at higher risks of developing severe long COVID-19 symptoms and neuropsychiatric sequela

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2024

Abstract This study investigated long COVID of patients in the Montefiore Health System COVID-19 (CORE) Clinics Bronx with an emphasis on identifying health related social needs (HRSNs). We analyzed a cohort 643 CORE (6/26/2020–2/24/2023) and 52,089 non-CORE patients. Outcomes included symptoms, physical, emotional, cognitive function test scores obtained at least three months post-infection. Socioeconomic variables median incomes, insurance status, HRSNs. The was older age (53.38 ± 14.50 vs. 45.91 23.79 years old, p < 0.001), more female (72.47% 56.86%, had higher prevalence hypertension (45.88% 23.28%, diabetes (22.86% 13.83%, COPD (7.15% 2.28%, asthma (25.51% 12.66%, lower incomes (53.81% 43.67%, 1 st quintile, unmet (29.81% 18.49%, 0.001) compared to survivors. reported wide range severe long-COVID symptoms. HRSNs experienced worse ESAS-r (tiredness, wellbeing, shortness breath, pain), PHQ-9 (12.5 (6, 17.75) 7 (2, 12), GAD-7 (8.5 (3, 15) 4 (0, 9), without. Patients outcomes those

Язык: Английский

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SARS-COV-2 re-infection and incidence of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) among essential workers in New York: a retrospective cohort study

The Lancet Regional Health - Americas, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 42, С. 100984 - 100984

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the Pathophysiology of Long COVID: The Central Role of Low-Grade Inflammation and Multisystem Involvement

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(12), С. 6389 - 6389

Опубликована: Июнь 9, 2024

Long COVID (LC), also referred to as Post COVID-19 Condition, Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (PASC), and other terms, represents a complex multisystem disease persisting after the acute phase COVID-19. Characterized by myriad symptoms across different organ systems, LC presents significant diagnostic management challenges. Central disorder is role low-grade inflammation, non-classical inflammatory response that contributes chronicity diversity observed. This review explores pathophysiological underpinnings LC, emphasizing importance inflammation core component. By delineating pathogenetic relationships clinical manifestations this article highlights necessity for an integrated approach employs both personalized medicine standardized protocols aimed at mitigating long-term consequences. The insights gained not only enhance our understanding but inform development therapeutic strategies could be applicable chronic conditions with similar features.

Язык: Английский

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Vaccines for the Elderly and Vaccination Programs in Europe and the United States

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(6), С. 566 - 566

Опубликована: Май 22, 2024

The share of the elderly population is growing worldwide as life expectancy increases. Immunosenescence and comorbidities increase infectious diseases’ morbidity mortality in older adults. Here, we aimed to summarize latest findings on vaccines for against herpes zoster, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), COVID-19, pneumococcal disease examine vaccine recommendation differences this age group Europe United States. PubMed was searched using keywords “elders” “vaccine” alongside disease/pathogen question paraphrased or synonymous terms. Vaccine recommendations were also sought European US Centers Disease Control Prevention databases. Improved vaccines, tailored elderly, mainly by novel adjuvants increasing antigen concentration, are now available. Significant exist between immunization policies, especially countries, terms recipient’s age, number doses, vaccination schedule, implementation (mandatory recommended). Understanding factors that influence immune response may help design offer long-term protection vulnerable group. A consensus-based strategy could fill gaps policy particularly regarding RSV pneumococcus.

Язык: Английский

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Likelihood of Post-COVID Condition in people with hybrid immunity; data from the German National Cohort (NAKO);

Journal of Infection, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 89(2), С. 106206 - 106206

Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Animal models of Long Covid: A hit-and-run disease

Science Translational Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(773)

Опубликована: Ноя. 13, 2024

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV 2) pandemic has caused more than 7 million deaths globally. Despite the presence of infection- and vaccine-induced immunity, SARS-CoV-2 infections remain a major global health concern because emergence variants that can cause disease 2019 (COVID-19) or enhance Long Covid phenotypes. About 5 to 10% SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals develop Covid, which, similar COVID 19, often affects lung. However, also affect other peripheral organs, especially brain. causal relationships between phenotypes, long-term symptoms, involvement multiple organ systems elusive, animal model mimicking both post-acute phases are imperative. Here, we review current state models, including possible future applications.

Язык: Английский

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Pharmacological evaluation of vitamin D in COVID-19 and long COVID-19: recent studies confirm clinical validation and highlight metformin to improve VDR sensitivity and efficacy

Inflammopharmacology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 32(1), С. 249 - 271

Опубликована: Ноя. 13, 2023

Abstract Nearly four years after its first appearance, and having gone from pandemic to endemic, the SARS-CoV-2 remains out of control globally. The purpose this study was evaluate clinical efficacy vitamin D (VD) in COVID-19 long COVID-19, explain discrepancy outcomes highlight potential impact metformin on VD recent articles. Articles January 2022 August 2023 were selected for review. objective achieved by reviewing, analyzing, discussing articles demonstrating (1) mechanism action (2) observational or randomized trials (RCTs) that support not beneficial effects COVID. (3) genetic non-genetic reasons variation VD. collected electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Egyptian Knowledge Bank, Science Direct, Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews. Twenty three studies conducted vitro animal models indicated may act through protecting respiratory system antimicrobial peptide cathelicidins, reducing lung inflammation, regulating innate adaptive immune functions up regulation autophagy gene activity. Our review identified 58 met criteria. number publications supporting a activity treating 49 (86%), including 12 meta-analyses. Although total patients included all 14,071,273, role 14,029,411 (99.7%). Collectively, extensive decisive relationship between low levels severity mortality outcomes. Importantly, evidence intervention has demonstrated effectiveness supplements COVID-19. Furthermore, results 4 supported alleviating symptoms disease. However, eight RCTs one meta-analysis contain low-grade against Twenty-five have addressed association VDR DBP polymorphisms treatment failure Impaired signaling underlie variability mechanisms. Interestingly, studies, therapeutic possibly improving AMPK enhancing In conclusion, been significantly strengthened over past 18 months, with several meta-analyses reporting conclusive supplementation highlighting improve sensitivity

Язык: Английский

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