Evaluation of the Disinfection Efficacy of Er: YAG Laser Light on Single-Species Candida Biofilms—An In Vitro Study

Dentistry Journal, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(2), С. 88 - 88

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2025

Background/Objectives: Oral candidiasis is an opportunistic infection caused by Candida species. Recently, antifungal drugs have become less effective due to yeast resistance, emphasizing the need for new treatment strategies. This study aimed assess effect of Er:YAG laser on inhibition growth and elimination mature single-species biofilms. Methods: The utilized reference strains C. albicans, glabrata, parapsilosis, krusei organized in biofilms Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA). First part: suspensions (0.5 McFarland standard) were spread SDA plates-two each strain. irradiation was applied a single pulse mode, 30 400 mJ, 32 predetermined points. zones (GIZs) measured at 24-96 h incubation. Second prepared similarly and, after 96 incubation, exposed different energies (50, 100, 150, 200 mJ) 180 s, per 1.44 cm area. Post-irradiation, impressions taken using Rodac Agar determine counts. count colony-forming units (CFU) results analysed statistically. Results: GIZ found all irradiated sites, with various strains. showed significant increase width energy range 30-280 mJ non-significant 300-400 mJ. number CFU remaining 150 differed statistically significantly from other obtained 50, or energy, regardless strain tested. Conclusions: shown good disinfecting properties (inhibiting biofilm growth, even low-energy doses (50 mJ), eliminating maturity, spp. most dose).

Язык: Английский

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Acquired amphotericin B resistance and fitness trade-off compensation in Candida auris

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2023

Abstract Candida auris is an emergent human fungal pathogen of growing concern due to common drug resistance all major antifungal classes. Although amphotericin B (AMB) has been detected in 30 60% clinical isolates C. , mechanisms AMB remain poorly characterized. Here we present a large-scale investigation how can be acquired through genetic adaptation. We typed 441 vitro and vivo evolved lineages from four AMB-susceptible strains different clades. show great diversity responses with magnitude- strain-dependent fitness trade-offs. Genotyping membrane sterol analyses selected types alterations. Using novel, plasmid-based CRISPR-Cas9 allele editing method Cas9-RNP meditated gene deletions, that variation several biosynthesis regulators including ERG6, NCP1, ERG11, ERG3, HMG1, ERG10 ERG12 . Additionally, aneuploidies chromosomes 4 6 emerge during evolution. By leveraging trade-off phenotyping mathematical modelling the environment treatment, evaluated potential establish resistant infections discover mechanism compensation. Variation CDC25 substantially enhanced capacity infection may have played role facilitating sole documented case treatment In summary, our findings compensation along modulating represent risk for failure clinic.

Язык: Английский

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Stephanoascus ciferrii Complex: The Current State of Infections and Drug Resistance in Humans

Journal of Fungi, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(4), С. 294 - 294

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2024

In recent years, the incidence of fungal infections in humans has increased dramatically, accompanied by an expansion number species implicated as etiological agents, especially environmental fungi never involved before human infection. Among pathogens, Candida are most common opportunistic that can cause local and systemic infections, immunocompromised individuals. albicans (C. albicans) is causative agent mucosal healthcare-associated infections. However, during decades, there been a worrying increase emerging multi-drug-resistant non-albicans (NAC) species, i.e., C. glabrata, parapsilosis, tropicalis, krusei, auris, ciferrii. particular, ciferrii, also known Stephanoascus ciferrii or Trichomonascus heterothallic ascomycete yeast-like fungus received attention decades diseases. Today, new definition S. complex, which consists allociferrii, mucifera, was proposed after sequencing 18S rRNA gene. Currently, complex mostly associated with non-severe ear eye although few cases severe candidemia have reported Low susceptibility to currently available antifungal drugs rising concern, NAC species. this regard, high rate resistance azoles more recently echinocandins emerged complex. This review focuses on epidemiological, biological, clinical aspects including its pathogenicity drug resistance.

Язык: Английский

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Candida albicans skin infection in diabetic patients: An updated review of pathogenesis and management

Mycoses, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 67(6)

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024

Candida species, commensal residents of human skin, are recognized as the cause cutaneous candidiasis across various body surfaces. Individuals with weakened immune systems, particularly those immunosuppressive conditions, significantly more susceptible to this infection. Diabetes mellitus, a major metabolic disorder, has emerged critical factor inducing immunosuppression, thereby facilitating colonization and subsequent skin infections. This comprehensive review examines prevalence different types albicans-induced in diabetic patients. It explores underlying mechanisms pathogenicity offers insights into recommended preventive measures treatment strategies. notably increases vulnerability oral oesophageal candidiasis. Additionally, it can precipitate vulvovaginal females, balanitis males, diaper young children diabetes. Diabetic individuals may also experience candidal infections on their nails, hands feet. Notably, diabetes appears be risk for intertrigo syndrome obese periodontal disorders denture wearers. In conclusion, intricate relationship between necessitates understanding strategize effective management planning. Further investigation interdisciplinary collaborative efforts crucial address multifaceted challenge uncover novel approaches treatment, prevention both health including development safer antifungal agents.

Язык: Английский

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First report of Candida auris in Guangdong, China: clinical and microbiological characteristics of 7 episodes of candidemia

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2024

Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen worldwide. To date, it has not been reported in Guangdong, China. For the first time, we 7 cases of C. candidemia from two hospitals Guangdong. The clinical and microbiological characteristics these were investigated carefully. Two geographic clades, i.e., III I, found popular different by whole genome sequencing analyses. All isolates bloodstream resistant to fluconazole, 5 which belonged Clade harboring VF125AL mutation ERG11 gene. with I presented Y132F gene as well resistance amphotericin B. exhibited strong biofilm-forming capacity non-aggregative phenotype. mean time admission onset was 39.4 days (range: 12 - 80 days). Despite performing appropriate therapeutic regimen, 42.9% (3/7) patients experienced occurrences colonization after positive bloodstream. still observed for 81 some patient. Microbiologic eradication achieved 85.7% (6/7) at discharge. In conclusion, this study offers a crucial insight into unraveling multiple origins highlighting great challenges prevention control.

Язык: Английский

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Extracellular vesicle production: A bidirectional effect in the interplay between host and Candida fungi

Current Research in Microbial Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 7, С. 100255 - 100255

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Candida fungi exploit various virulence strategies to invade the human host, while host cells employ diverse mechanisms maintain homeostasis and respond infection. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are integral components of multifaceted landscape host-pathogen interactions, with their abundant production by all contributors involved in these complex dynamic relations. Herein, we present current state knowledge regarding response releasing EVs reaction Candida, as well influence fungal on functionality confronted cells. Fungal contribute enhanced adhesion pathogens evidenced for C. auris, may modulate several cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p40, TGF-β TNF-α, thereby exerting pro-infective pro-inflammatory effects, described albicans other species. Whereas biosynthesis can dynamically proliferation viability affect candidacidal effector The reciprocal from is a key focus, explaining significant role cell signaling interkingdom communication.

Язык: Английский

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Vaginal mycobiome characteristics and therapeutic strategies in vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC): differentiating pathogenic species and microecological features for stratified treatment

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2025

SUMMARY Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a prevalent global health burden, particularly among reproductive-aged women. Recurrent VVC affects significant proportion of this population, presenting therapeutic challenges. The predominant pathogen, Candida albicans , opportunistically transitions from commensal organism to pathogen when microenvironmental conditions become dysregulated. Recently, non- species have gained attention for their reduced antifungal susceptibility and recurrence tendencies. Diagnosis constrained by the limitations conventional microbiological techniques, while emerging molecular assays offer enhanced detection yet lack established thresholds differentiate between pathogenic states. Increasing resistance issues are encountered traditional azole-based antifungals, necessitating innovative approaches that integrate microbiota modulation precision medicine. Therefore, review aims systematically explore diversity, drug mechanisms, biofilm effects species. Vaginal (VMB) alterations associated with were also examined, focusing on interaction Lactobacillus spp. fungi, emphasizing role microbial dysbiosis in disease progression. Finally, potential summarized, particular focus use probiotics modulate VMB composition restore healthy ecosystem as promising treatment strategy. This addresses adopts microbiota-centric approach, proposing comprehensive framework personalized management reduce improve patient outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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Exploring Non-Thermal Plasma and UV Radiation as Biofilm Control Strategies against Foodborne Filamentous Fungal Contaminants

Foods, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(7), С. 1054 - 1054

Опубликована: Март 29, 2024

In recent years, non-thermal plasma (NTP) has emerged as a promising tool for decontamination and disinfection within the food industry. Given increasing resistance of microbial biofilms to conventional disinfectants their adverse environmental effects, this method significant potential eliminating biofilm formation or mitigating metabolic activity grown biofilms. A comparative study was conducted evaluating efficacy UV radiation NTP in eradicating mature four common foodborne filamentous fungal contaminants: Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium culmorum, graminearum. The findings reveal that while exhibits variable depending on duration exposure species, induces substantial morphological alterations biofilms, disrupting hyphae, reducing extracellular polymeric substance production, particularly A. alternata F. culmorum. Notably, scanning electron microscopy analysis demonstrates disruption hyphae NTP-treated indicating its ability penetrate matrix, which is outcome eradication strategies. use could offer more environmentally friendly potentially effective alternative traditional methods.

Язык: Английский

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Antimicrobial activity evaluation of combinations of essential oils, thymol and R-limonene against food-borne pathogens and spoilage agents

Food Bioscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 62, С. 105035 - 105035

Опубликована: Сен. 3, 2024

Язык: Английский

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A Narrative Review of Fungal Periprosthetic Joint Infections of the Hip and Knee: Risk Factors, Microbiological Profiles, and Treatment Challenges

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(1), С. 206 - 206

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2025

Fungal periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are rare but increasingly recognized complications following total arthroplasty (TJA). While Candida albicans remains the most common pathogen, non-albicans species and other fungi, such as Aspergillus, have gained prominence. These often present with subtle clinical features affect patients significant comorbidities or immunosuppression. Compared to bacterial PJIs, fungal pose unique diagnostic therapeutic challenges, including biofilm formation, limited antifungal susceptibility, protracted treatment courses. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence from research articles review/metanalysis papers, focusing on PJIs. The literature search encompassed publications 2015 2024, identifying key insights epidemiology, risk factors, microbiological profiles, methods, strategies, outcomes. Both classical references recent studies addressing emerging biomarkers biofilm-active therapies were included. It was shown that C. primary pathogen in PJIs fungi associated more complex scenarios, higher recurrence rates, reduced infection-free survival. Patients commonly exhibit multiple comorbidities, compromised immune status, previous prosthetic revisions. Diagnosis is complicated by slow-growing organisms nonspecific inflammatory markers, prompting interest novel diagnostics alpha-defensin, calprotectin, next-generation sequencing. Two-stage revision arthroplasty, supplemented prolonged targeted therapy, considered gold standard for chronic infections, although outcomes remain inferior Emerging antifungal-impregnated beads biofilm-disrupting agents, may improve local infection control. In conclusion, constitute a challenging entity demanding tailored approaches. Further into standardized criteria, optimized regimens, biomarker validation, refined surgical strategies essential. Multidisciplinary collaboration, enhanced patient optimization, innovative biofilm-directed hold promise improving reducing burden of

Язык: Английский

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