Gut Dysbiosis in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Narrative Review on Correlation with Disease Subtypes and Novel Therapeutic Implications

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(10), С. 2369 - 2369

Опубликована: Сен. 22, 2023

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by chronic abdominal pain and altered habits. It can be subclassified in different subtypes according to the main clinical manifestation: constipation, diarrhea, mixed, unclassified. Over past decade, role of gut microbiota IBS has garnered significant attention scientific community. Emerging research spotlights intricate involvement dysbiosis pathogenesis. Studies have demonstrated reduced microbial diversity stability specific alterations for each disease subgroup. Microbiota-targeted treatments, such as antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fecal transplantation, even diet, offer exciting prospects managing IBS. However, definitive conclusions are hindered heterogeneity these studies. Further should focus on elucidating mechanisms, developing microbiome-based diagnostics, enabling personalized therapies tailored an individual’s microbiome profile. This review takes deep dive into microscopic world inhabiting our guts, its implications Our aim elucidate complex interplay between subtype, exploring novel microbiota-targeted treatments providing comprehensive overview current state knowledge.

Язык: Английский

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Alterations in gut and genital microbiota associated with gynecological diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2024

Abstract Background Increasing number of studies have demonstrated certain patterns microbial changes in gynecological diseases; however, the interaction between them remains unclear. To evaluate consistency or specificity across multiple on different diseases and alterations at sites body (gut genital tract), we conducted a systematic review meta-analysis. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Web Science, Cochrane Library up to December 5, 2022(PROSPERO: CRD42023400205). Eligible focused adult women, applied next-generation sequencing microbiome, reported outcomes including alpha beta diversity relative abundance. The random-effects model standardized mean difference (SMD) was using inverse-variance method for indices. Results Of 3327 unique articles, 87 eligible were included. Significant decreases found gut microbiome patients versus controls (observed species SMD=-0.35; 95%CI, -0.62 -0.09; Shannon index SMD=-0.23; -0.40 -0.06), whereas significant increases observed vaginal (Chao1 SMD = 1.15; 0.74 1.56; 0.51; 0.16 0.86). Most diagnostic categories showed no differences diversity. Disease observed, but almost all only replicated three studies, except increased Aerococcus bacterial vaginosis (BV). Patients with major shared enrichment Prevotella depletion Lactobacillus , an overlap microbes implied BV, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, cancer. Conclusions These findings association microbiota diseases. most results rather than disease-specific alterations. Therefore, further investigation is required identify specific biomarkers diagnosis treatment future.

Язык: Английский

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Endometriosis: recent advances that could accelerate diagnosis and improve care

Trends in Molecular Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(9), С. 875 - 889

Опубликована: Июль 10, 2024

Endometriosis is a common disorder associated with pain, gastrointestinal and urinary symptoms, infertility, fatigue. It defined by the presence of endometrial-like lesions found predominantly in pelvis. Mechanisms that contribute to disease aetiology include changes hormonal, inflammatory, pain pathways. In this article, we focus on recent developments imaging technologies, our improved understanding mechanisms contributing drug therapies are clinical trials, insights from studies gut offer potential support self-management strategies. We postulate improvements quality life patients will be accelerated reframing endometriosis as multi-system learning treatments targeting symptoms shared between endometriosis, neuroinflammatory, disorders.

Язык: Английский

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Endometriosis in Adolescence: A Narrative Review of the Psychological and Clinical Implications

Diagnostics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(5), С. 548 - 548

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2025

Endometriosis is a chronic, inflammatory condition where endometrial-like tissue grows outside the uterus, affecting around 10% of women reproductive age. This associated with debilitating symptoms, including dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain, fatigue, and infertility. Adolescents endometriosis face unique challenges, as disease often misdiagnosed or undiagnosed for an average 7-10 years due to its complex multifactorial nature. Consequently, patients frequently suffer from worsening symptoms significant psychological distress, anxiety, depression, social withdrawal. While there no definitive cure endometriosis, treatment approaches typically involve hormonal therapies, lifestyle adjustments (such diet exercise), support. Recent studies emphasize profound impact on mental health adolescents, highlighting need more holistic approach that integrates both medical care. narrative review explores psychosocial effects in examining biological mechanisms linking outcomes. It also discusses current therapeutic strategies, such cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness, peer support, underscores importance early diagnosis multidisciplinary care mitigate physical emotional burdens condition. integrated critical improving overall well-being quality life adolescents living endometriosis.

Язык: Английский

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Spore-Based Probiotic Bacillus subtilis: Current Applications in Humans and Future Perspectives

Fermentation, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(2), С. 78 - 78

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2024

Bacillus subtilis has been used for more than 50 years in many different industrial applications, including farming, precision fermentation, and probiotic supplements. It is particularly attractive as a because of its ability to form shelf-stable, acid-resistant spores that lend diverse applications the food system. B. most ubiquitous species genus can be isolated from broad variety environments animal human gastrointestinal (GI) tracts. This comprehensive review intervention studies utilizing supporting health, well reported impacts use on gut microbiota other biomarkers health. briefly covers fate ingested GI tract, summarizes observed effects strains, offers perspective continued future uses applications.

Язык: Английский

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Unraveling the microbial puzzle: exploring the intricate role of gut microbiota in endometriosis pathogenesis

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2024

Endometriosis (EMs) is a prevalent gynecological disorder characterized by the growth of uterine tissue outside cavity, causing debilitating symptoms and infertility. Despite its prevalence, exact mechanisms behind EMs development remain incompletely understood. This article presents comprehensive overview relationship between gut microbiota imbalance pathogenesis. Recent research indicates that plays pivotal role in various aspects EMs, including immune regulation, generation inflammatory factors, angiopoietin release, hormonal endotoxin production. Dysbiosis can disrupt responses, leading to inflammation impaired clearance endometrial fragments, resulting endometriotic lesions. The dysregulated contribute release lipopolysaccharide (LPS), triggering chronic promoting ectopic adhesion, invasion, angiogenesis. Furthermore, involvement estrogen metabolism affects levels, which are directly related development. review also highlights potential as diagnostic tool therapeutic target for EMs. Interventions such fecal transplantation (FMT) use preparations have demonstrated promising effects reducing symptoms. progress made, further needed unravel intricate interactions paving way more effective prevention treatment strategies this challenging condition.

Язык: Английский

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The Dual Lens of Endoscopy and Histology in the Diagnosis and Management of Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disorders—A Comprehensive Review

Diagnostics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(8), С. 858 - 858

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2024

Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disorders (EGIDs) are a group of conditions characterized by abnormal eosinophil accumulation in the gastrointestinal tract. Among these EGIDs, Esophagitis (EoE) is most well documented, while less known about Gastritis (EoG), Enteritis (EoN), and Colitis (EoC). The role endoscopy EGIDs pivotal, with applications diagnosis, disease monitoring, therapeutic intervention. In EoE, endoscopic reference score (EREFS) has been shown to be accurate raising diagnostic suspicion effective monitoring responses. Additionally, dilation first-line treatment for esophageal strictures. For EoG EoN, literature more limited, common findings include erythema, nodules, ulcerations. Histology remains gold standard diagnosing as it quantifies eosinophilic infiltration. recent years, there have significant advancements histological understanding leading development scores identification specific microscopic features associated disease. However, EoG, EoC, precise count thresholds diagnosis not yet established. This review aims elucidate histology management three main analyze their strengths limitations, interconnection, future research directions.

Язык: Английский

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The impact of the microbiota-gut-brain axis on endometriosis-associated symptoms: mechanisms and opportunities for personalised management strategies

Reproduction and Fertility, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(2)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Graphical abstract Abstract Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting one in ten women and those assigned female at birth, defined by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside uterus. It commonly associated with pain, infertility, mood disorders, often comorbid other pain conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome. Recent research has identified key role for microbiota–gut–brain axis health range neurological prompting an exploration its potential mechanistic endometriosis. Increased awareness impact gut microbiota within patient community, combined often-detrimental side effects current therapies, motivated many to utilise self-management strategies, dietary modification supplements, despite lack robust clinical evidence. Current characterised endometriosis patients animal models. However, small cohorts differing methodology have resulted little consensus on data. In this narrative review, we summarise studies that investigated their metabolic products development progression lesions, before summarising insights from into co-morbid conditions discussing reported strategies symptoms Finally, suggest ways which promising field could be expanded explore specific bacteria, improve access ‘microbial’ phenotyping, develop personalised advice reduction bloating. Lay Summary tissue, similar womb lining, growing womb. Symptoms include pelvic period during sex when going toilet, digestive disturbance bloating, depression, anxiety. Standard treatments, including surgery hormone-altering drugs, negative effects. Many use control symptoms, changing diet or taking supplements. Although some reports are helpful, there limited high-quality evidence support use. Here, discuss how adaptations impacting endometriosis-associated via changes bacteria gut. Gut communicate brain influence inflammation throughout body. Therefore, altering through can potentially benefit variety symptoms.

Язык: Английский

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Vaginal and rectal microbiome contribute to genital inflammation in chronic pelvic pain

BMC Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Июль 8, 2024

Abstract Background Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a multifactorial syndrome that can substantially affect patient’s quality of life. Endometriosis one cause CPP, and alterations the immune microbiome profiles have been observed in patients with endometriosis. The objective this pilot study was to investigate differences vaginal gastrointestinal microbiomes cervicovaginal microenvironment CPP endometriosis diagnosis compared those without no CPP. Methods Vaginal swabs, rectal lavages (CVL) were collected among individuals undergoing gynecologic laparoscopy. Participants grouped based on seeking care for chronic and/or pathology results: (CPP-Endo) ( n = 35), 23), or (controls) 15). Sensitivity analyses performed location, stage, co-occurring conditions (abnormal uterine bleeding, fibroids). 16S rRNA sequencing profile microbiome, panel soluble mediators quantified using multiplex assay. Statistical analysis conducted SAS, R, MicrobiomeAnalyst, MetaboAnalyst, QIIME 2. Results Significant between participants alone, CPP-Endo, surgical controls body mass index, ethnicity, ovarian cysts, fibroids. In analysis, both alone CPP-Endo exhibited lower alpha diversity than controls, groups revealed enrichment irritable bowel syndrome-associated bacteria. an increased abundance Streptococcus anginosus Ruminococcus . Patients endometrioma (s) demonstrated , Lactobacillus, Prevotella other sites. Further, abnormal bleeding associated bacterial vaginosis-associated Immunoproteomic distinctly clustered by controls. enriched TNF⍺, MDC, IL-1⍺. Conclusions differ endometriosis, which may be useful personalized treatment from causes Further investigation warranted additional conditions, such as AUB/fibroids, add complexity these reveal distinct pathogenic bacteria mucosal This provides foundational microbiome-immunoproteomic knowledge related pain, help improve pain.

Язык: Английский

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Gut Bacteria Provide Genetic and Molecular Reporter Systems to Identify Specific Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(8), С. 4431 - 4431

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2024

With genetic information gained from next-generation sequencing (NGS) and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), it is now possible to select for genes that encode reporter molecules may be used detect abnormalities such as alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD), cancer, cognitive impairment, multiple sclerosis (MS), diabesity, ischemic stroke (IS). This, however, requires a thorough understanding of the gut-brain axis (GBA), effect diets have on selection gut microbiota, conditions influence expression microbial genes, human physiology. Bacterial metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play major role in homeostasis, maintain intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), regulate immune system, neurological, endocrine functions. Changes butyrate levels serve an early warning colon cancer. Other cancer-reporting are colibactin, genotoxin produced by polyketide synthetase-positive Escherichia coli strains, spermine oxidase (SMO). Increased also associated with inflammation impaired cognition. Dysbiosis lead increased production oxidized low-density lipoproteins (OX-LDLs), known restrict blood vessels cause hypertension. Sudden changes SCFA IS. Early signs ARLD detected increase regenerating islet-derived 3 gamma (REG3G), which secretion mucin-2 (Muc2). Pro-inflammatory cytokines, interferons, TNF reporters MS. examples enzymes detection life-threatening diseases reviewed.

Язык: Английский

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