An Overview of the Recent Advances in Antimicrobial Resistance

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(9), С. 1920 - 1920

Опубликована: Сен. 21, 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), frequently considered a major global public health threat, requires comprehensive understanding of its emergence, mechanisms, advances, and implications. AMR’s epidemiological landscape is characterized by widespread prevalence constantly evolving patterns, with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) creating new challenges every day. The most common mechanisms underlying AMR (i.e., genetic mutations, horizontal gene transfer, selective pressure) contribute to the emergence dissemination resistant strains. Therefore, mitigation strategies (e.g., antibiotic stewardship programs—ASPs—and infection prevention control strategies—IPCs) emphasize importance responsible antimicrobial use surveillance. A One Health approach interconnectedness human, animal, environmental health) highlights necessity for interdisciplinary collaboration holistic in combating AMR. Advancements novel therapeutics alternative agents vaccines) offer promising avenues addressing challenges. Policy interventions at international national levels also promote ASPs aiming regulate use. Despite all observed progress, remains pressing concern, demanding sustained efforts address emerging threats sustainability. Future research must prioritize innovative approaches complex socioecological dynamics This manuscript resource researchers, policymakers, healthcare professionals seeking navigate develop effective mitigation.

Язык: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicles and Artificial Intelligence: Unique Weapons against Breast Cancer

Applied Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(4), С. 1639 - 1639

Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2024

Breast cancer (BC) caused 685,000 deaths globally in 2020, earning the title of most common type tumor among females. With a multifactorial genesis, BC is influenced by several factors such as age, genetic and epigenetic predisposition, an individual’s exposome, its classification based on morphological/histological, invasiveness, molecular futures. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived lipid-bilayer-delimited nanoparticles, which distinguishable size, markers expressed exosomes (40 to 150 nm), microvesicles 10,000 apoptotic bodies (100–5000 nm). Produced physiological pathological cellular contexts, EVs shuttles biological material implicated cell-to-cell communications, thus attracting significant interest diagnostic drug delivery research. We report discuss latest evidence regarding important role BC, deepening their implication tumorigenesis metastatic mechanisms. On other hand, use BC-derived prognostic biomarkers therapeutic approaches undergoing investigation. Hence, have become new weapons precision medicine; however, only with support advanced algorithms artificial intelligence (AI) can we develop wide range information. Looking ahead, it possible see application AI prognosis diagnosis different pathologies.

Язык: Английский

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Adenosine Monophosphate as a Metabolic Adjuvant Enhances Antibiotic Efficacy against Drug-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens

Pharmaceuticals, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(7), С. 933 - 933

Опубликована: Июль 11, 2024

Global bacterial infections are on the rise, and drug resistance to bacteria is gradually rendering existing antibiotics ineffective. Therefore, discovery of new strategies urgently needed. Cellular metabolism a key factor in regulation resistance, which cannot be separated from utilization energetic substances, suggesting that substances may associated with resistance. In this study, we found adenosine monophosphate (AMP) can enhance bactericidal effect gentamicin against gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. This synergistic generalized for use different Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria. We also validated mechanism AMP reversal antibiotic involves enhancing proton motive force via tricarboxylic acid cycle increase uptake. Simultaneously, increases oxidative stress-induced cell death. study presents strategy adopting low-dose control drug-resistant bacteria, important future development control.

Язык: Английский

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Identification and Assessment of Secondary Metabolites from Three Fungal Endophytes of Solanum mauritianum Against Public Health Pathogens

Molecules, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 29(20), С. 4924 - 4924

Опубликована: Окт. 17, 2024

Fungal endophytes, symbiotic microorganisms residing within plants, are renowned for producing bioactive secondary metabolites with diverse beneficial properties. We investigated the antimicrobial potential of fungal endophytes isolated from Solanum mauritianum, an invasive weed, against clinically significant bacterial pathogens. Selected (Penicillium chrysogenum, Fusarium sp., and Paracamarosporium leucadendri) were plant’s leaves fruits. Their crude extracts tested various referenced strains, such as Mycobacterium species (M. smegmatis ATCC 607 M. bovis 27290), Staphylococcus aureus 6571, Bacillus subtilis 11774, Klebsiella (K. pneumoniae 10031 K. oxytoca 8724), Escherichia coli 10536, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 10145, using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Resazurin Microtiter Assay was used determination minimum inhibitory concentration. The chemical nature in produced by evaluated high-resolution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) water acetonitrile gradient. Liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass (LC-QTOF-MS/MS) employed untargeted metabolomics. LC-QTOF-MS/MS identified 63 compounds across three endophytes. P. chrysogenum had highest activity S. (1.15 mg/mL 0.02 mg/mL, respectively), while leucadendri demonstrated moderate (2.91 mg/mL) E. (1.16 mg/mL). sp. exhibited broadest spectrum antibacterial activity, MIC values ranging 0.03 (B. subtilis) to 10 smegmatis). 29 metabolites, 23 a total 11 chrysogenum. fruits plant, accounting 60%, appeared be most abundant endophyte diversity when compared stems leaves. This study highlights mauritianum source novel compounds, particularly multidrug-resistant pathogens, contributing ongoing efforts combat resistance.

Язык: Английский

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Antimicrobial Resistance Impact in Global Health: A One Health Approach

Опубликована: Дек. 27, 2023

Global health is significantly impacted by antimicrobial resistance. Antibiotic misuse and overuse have resulted in the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, viruses, parasites fungi, which makes ordinary infections more difficult to cure accelerates spread disease. The World Health Organisation has declared that resistance could result up 10 million deaths yearly 2050, making it a worldwide emergency. One greatest challenges global health, food security, development today, according antibiotic Even though can arise naturally, improper usage these medications many other factors are accelerating its spread. Antimicrobial frequently referred as "Silent Pandemic" problem requires current action should be managed effectively rather than considered future situation. This paper address number classes, Onehealth how drug affects human related risk factors. review will also provide background information on causes processes brief identifying characteristics, targeted interventions developed lower illnesses resistant antibiotics. It offer insights into new emerging solutions being studied may created advancement

Язык: Английский

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Yolkin, a Polypeptide Complex from Egg Yolk, Affects Cytokine Levels and Leukocyte Populations in Broiler Chicken Blood and Lymphoid Organs after In Ovo Administration

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(24), С. 17494 - 17494

Опубликована: Дек. 14, 2023

Yolkin is a polypeptide complex isolated from hen egg yolk that exhibits immunomodulating properties. The aim of the present study was to determine whether in-ovo-delivered yolkin affects leukocyte populations and cytokine levels in broiler chickens. experiment carried out on eggs Ross 308 breeder birds. administered ovo 18th day incubation, once, at following three doses: 1, 10, or 100 µg/egg. immunological parameters were assessed 1-, 7-, 14-, 21-, 28-, 35-, 42-day-old birds kept under farming conditions routinely vaccinated. determined thymus, spleen, blood. (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10) plasma Each experimental group included eight most pronounced effect an increase population T cells, both CD4+ CD8+, mainly This lymphocyte subsets may be valuable regarding chicken immune responses, against T-dependent antigens, during infection after vaccination.

Язык: Английский

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Phage Power: Harnessing Nature’s Arsenal in the Battle Against Microbial Threats for Sustainable Healthcare

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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