Gut microbial metabolites in obesity, NAFLD and T2DM

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 15(5), С. 261 - 273

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Dietary fibre in gastrointestinal health and disease

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 18(2), С. 101 - 116

Опубликована: Ноя. 18, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Dietary Fibre Modulates the Gut Microbiota

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(5), С. 1655 - 1655

Опубликована: Май 13, 2021

Dietary fibre has long been established as a nutritionally important, health-promoting food ingredient. Modern dietary practices have seen significant reduction in consumption compared with ancestral habits. This is related to the emergence of low-fibre “Western diets” associated industrialised nations, and linked an increased prevalence gut diseases such inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, type II diabetes mellitus metabolic syndrome. The characteristic parameters these individuals include insulin resistance, high fasting postprandial glucose, well plasma cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) high-density (HDL). Gut microbial signatures are also altered significantly cohorts, suggesting causative link between diet, microbes disease. hypothesised reverse changes through fermentation subsequent production short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which improves glucose lipid who harbour dysfunctional metabolism. review article examines how different types can differentially alter metabolism microbiota composition function.

Язык: Английский

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The Influence of the Gut Microbiome on Host Metabolism Through the Regulation of Gut Hormone Release

Frontiers in Physiology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2019

The microbial community of the gut conveys significant benefits to host physiology. A clear relationship has now been established between bacteria and metabolism in which microbial-mediated hormone release plays an important role. Within lumen, produce a number metabolites contain structural components that act as signaling molecules cell types within mucosa. Enteroendocrine cells mucosal lining synthesize secrete hormones including CCK, PYY, GLP-1, GIP 5-HT, have regulatory roles key metabolic processes such insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, fat storage appetite. Release these can be influenced by presence their such, is component regulation metabolism. Dietary or pharmacological interventions alter microbiome therefore pose potential therapeutics for treatment human disorders. This review aims describe complex interaction intestinal microbiota enteroendocrine cells, highlight how influence through release.

Язык: Английский

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Functions of Gut Microbiota Metabolites, Current Status and Future Perspectives

Aging and Disease, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(4), С. 1106 - 1106

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

Gut microbiota, a collection of microorganisms that live within gastrointestinal tract, provides crucial signaling metabolites for the physiological hosts. In healthy state, gut microbiota are helpful maintaining basic functions hosts, whereas disturbed production these can lead to numerous diseases such as metabolic diseases, cardiovascular neurodegenerative and cancer. Although there many reviews about specific mechanisms on is no comprehensive summarization metabolites. this Opinion, we discuss knowledge including types their ways acting targets. addition, summarize pathologic in health shaping composition nutrition. This paper be understanding roles thus provide guidance developing suitable therapeutic strategies combat microbial-driven improve health.

Язык: Английский

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Perspective: Physiologic Importance of Short-Chain Fatty Acids from Nondigestible Carbohydrate Fermentation

Advances in Nutrition, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10(4), С. 576 - 589

Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2019

In recent years, it has become increasingly obvious that dietary fiber or nondigestible carbohydrate (NDC) consumption is critical for maintaining optimal health and managing symptoms of metabolic disease. accordance with this, the US FDA released its first official definition in 2016 regulation Nutrition Supplement Facts labels. Included this requirement an isolated synthetic NDC to produce accepted physiologic benefit, such as improved laxation reduced fasting cholesterol concentrations, upon consumption. Even though fermentation production short-chain fatty acids elicit many effects, including serving a source energy colonocytes, curbing glycemic response satiety, promoting weight loss, enhancing mineral absorption, reducing systemic inflammation, improving intestinal health, process not considered endpoint. Instead, expensive laborious clinical trials must be conducted benefit observed. review, we discuss importance through extensive examination evidence propose degree fermentability NDC, rather than endpoints trial, may appropriate classifying fiber.

Язык: Английский

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Blue poo: impact of gut transit time on the gut microbiome using a novel marker

Gut, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 70(9), С. 1665 - 1674

Опубликована: Март 15, 2021

Gut transit time is a key modulator of host-microbiome interactions, yet this often overlooked, partly because reliable methods are typically expensive or burdensome. The aim single-arm, single-blinded intervention study to assess (1) the relationship between gut and human microbiome, (2) utility 'blue dye' method as an inexpensive scalable technique measure time.We assessed interactions taxonomic functional potential profiles microbiome (profiled via shotgun metagenomic sequencing), (measured blue dye method), cardiometabolic health diet in 863 healthy individuals from PREDICT 1 study.We found that composition can accurately discriminate classes (0.82 area under receiver operating characteristic curve) longer linked with specific microbial species such Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides spp Alistipes (false discovery rate-adjusted p values <0.01). had strongest association over typical proxies stool consistency frequency.Gut time, measured method, more informative marker function than traditional measures frequency. be applied large-scale epidemiological studies advance diet-microbiome-health research. Clinical trial registry website https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03479866 number NCT03479866.

Язык: Английский

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Colonic drug delivery: Formulating the next generation of colon-targeted therapeutics

Journal of Controlled Release, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 353, С. 1107 - 1126

Опубликована: Дек. 25, 2022

Colonic drug delivery can facilitate access to unique therapeutic targets and has the potential enhance bioavailability whilst reducing off-target effects. Delivering drugs colon requires considered formulation development, as both oral rectal dosage forms encounter challenges if colon's distinct physiological environment is not appreciated. As opportunities surrounding colonic multiply, success of novel pharmaceuticals lies in their design. This review provides a modern insight into key parameters determining effective design development colon-targeted medicines. Influential features governing release, dissolution, stability, absorption are first discussed, followed by an overview most reliable strategies. Finally, appropriate vitro, vivo, silico preclinical investigations presented, with goal inspiring strategic new therapeutics.

Язык: Английский

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Dietary macronutrients and the gut microbiome: a precision nutrition approach to improve cardiometabolic health

Gut, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 71(6), С. 1214 - 1226

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2022

Accumulating evidence indicates that the gut microbiome is an important regulator of body weight, glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammatory processes, may thereby play a key role in aetiology obesity, insulin resistance type 2 diabetes. Interindividual responsiveness to specific dietary interventions be partially determined by differences baseline microbiota composition functionality between individuals with distinct metabolic phenotypes. However, relationship individual’s diet, host phenotype multidirectional complex, yielding challenge for practical implementation targeted guidelines. In this review, we discuss latest research describing interactions composition, metabolism. Furthermore, describe how knowledge can integrated develop precision-based nutritional strategies improve bodyweight control health humans. Specifically, will address (1) insight microbial intervention response provide leads strategies; (2) balance carbohydrate protein fermentation microbiota, as well site colon, seems determinants metabolism; (3) ‘big data’, including multiple omics advanced modelling, are undeniable importance predicting (non-)response interventions. Clearly, detailed phenotyping humans necessary better understand link which required guidelines different subgroups population.

Язык: Английский

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Vegetarian and vegan diets: benefits and drawbacks

European Heart Journal, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 44(36), С. 3423 - 3439

Опубликована: Июль 14, 2023

Plant-based diets have become increasingly popular thanks to their purported health benefits and more recently for positive environmental impact. Prospective studies suggest that consuming vegetarian is associated with a reduced risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, hypertension, dementia, cancer. Data from randomized clinical trials confirmed protective effect the prevention diabetes reductions in weight, blood pressure, glycosylated haemoglobin low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but date, no data are available event rates cognitive impairment, there very limited Moreover, not all plant-based foods equally healthy. Unhealthy poor specific nutrients (vitamin B12, iron, zinc, calcium) and/or rich highly processed refined increase morbidity mortality. Further mechanistic desirable understand whether advantages healthy, minimally represent an all-or-nothing phenomenon primarily containing small quantities animal products (e.g. pesco-vegetarian or Mediterranean diets) has beneficial, detrimental, neutral effects on cardiometabolic outcomes. Further, warranted enhance our understanding about healthy food patterns biological mechanisms linking dietary factors, CVD, other metabolic diseases.

Язык: Английский

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