Traditional Medicine Pien Tze Huang Suppresses Colorectal Tumorigenesis Through Restoring Gut Microbiota and Metabolites

Gastroenterology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 165(6), С. 1404 - 1419

Опубликована: Сен. 12, 2023

Background & AimsPien Tze Huang (PZH) is a well-established traditional medicine with beneficial effects against inflammation and cancer. We aimed to explore the chemopreventive effect of PZH in colorectal cancer (CRC) through modulating gut microbiota.MethodsCRC mouse models were established by azoxymethane plus dextran sulfate sodium treatment or Apcmin/+ mice treated without (270 mg/kg 540 mg/kg). Gut barrier function was determined means intestinal permeability assays transmission electron microscopy. Fecal microbiota metabolites analyzed metagenomic sequencing liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, respectively. Germ-free antibiotic-treated used as depletion.ResultsPZH inhibited tumorigenesis sodium–treated dose-dependent manner. altered profile, an increased abundance probiotics Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans Eubacterium limosum, while pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas veronii, Campylobacter jejuni, Collinsella aerofaciens, Peptoniphilus harei depleted. In addition, taurine hypotaurine, bile acids, unsaturated fatty significantly restored function. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that PI3K–Akt, interleukin-17, tumor necrosis factor, cytokine–chemokine signaling. Notably, involved both microbiota-dependent -independent mechanisms. transplantation from PZH-treated germ-free partly recapitulated PZH. components ginsenoside-F2 ginsenoside-Re demonstrated inhibitory on CRC cells primary organoids, also mice.ConclusionsPZH manipulated toward more favorable improved function, suppressed oncogenic pro-inflammatory pathways, thereby suppressing carcinogenesis. Pien microbiota. depletion. mice.

Язык: Английский

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Gut Microbiota and Bacterial Translocation in the Pathogenesis of Liver Fibrosis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(22), С. 16502 - 16502

Опубликована: Ноя. 19, 2023

Cirrhosis is the end result of liver fibrosis in chronic diseases. Studying mechanisms its development and developing measures to slow down regress it based on this knowledge seem be important tasks for medicine. Currently, disorders gut–liver axis have great importance pathogenesis cirrhosis. However, gut dysbiosis, which manifests as increased proportions microbiota Bacilli Proteobacteria that are capable bacterial translocation a decreased proportion Clostridia strengthen intestinal barrier, occurs even at pre-cirrhotic stage disease. This leads translocation, process by those microbes enter blood portal vein then tissue, where they activate Kupffer cells through Toll-like receptor 4. In response, produce profibrogenic cytokines, hepatic stellate cells, stimulating their transformation into myofibroblasts collagen other elements extracellular matrix. Blocking with antibiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, methods could progression fibrosis. was shown number animal models but requires further verification long-term randomized controlled trials humans.

Язык: Английский

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Akkermansia muciniphila: biology, microbial ecology, host interactions and therapeutic potential

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 15, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Decreased expression of the NLRP6 inflammasome is associated with increased intestinal permeability and inflammation in obesity with type 2 diabetes

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 81(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2024

Abstract Background Obesity-associated dysfunctional intestinal permeability contributes to systemic chronic inflammation leading the development of metabolic diseases. The inflammasomes constitute essential components in regulation homeostasis. We aimed determine impact gut barrier dysfunction and context obesity type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods Blood samples obtained from 80 volunteers ( n = 20 normal weight, 21 OB without T2D, 39 with T2D) a subgroup jejunum were used case–control study. Circulating levels damage markers expression as well their main effectors (IL-1β IL-18) key inflammation-related genes analyzed. factors, different metabolites Akkermansia muciniphila integrity was evaluated. effect blocking NLRP6 by using siRNA also studied. Results Increased circulating P < 0.01) endotoxin, LBP, zonulin patients decreased 0.05) after weight loss. Patients T2D exhibited gene its effector IL18 together increased mRNA inflammatory markers. further showed that while primarily localized goblet cells, NLRP3 epithelial cells. Additionally, Nlrp1 , Nlrp3 Nlrp6 small tract rats diet-induced found. regulated taurine, parthenolide A. human enterocyte cell line CCL-241. Finally, significant decrease release MUC2 knockdown observed. Conclusions downregulation obesity-associated suggest defective inflammasome sensing, driving an impaired may regulate progression multiple comorbidities.

Язык: Английский

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Probiotics: Shaping the gut immunological responses

World Journal of Gastroenterology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(15), С. 2096 - 2108

Опубликована: Апрель 19, 2024

Probiotics are live microorganisms exerting beneficial effects on the host's health when administered in adequate amounts. Among most popular and adequately studied probiotics bacteria from families

Язык: Английский

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Fecal Microbiota Characteristics in Constipation-Predominant and Mixed-Type Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(7), С. 1414 - 1414

Опубликована: Июль 12, 2024

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common condition that affects the lifestyle of patients. It associated with significant changes in composition gut microbiome, but underlying microbial mechanisms remain to be fully understood. We study fecal microbiome patients constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C) and mixed-type (IBS-M).

Язык: Английский

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Gut Microbiota–Tumor Microenvironment Interactions: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Efficacy in Cancer

Cancer Management and Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер Volume 17, С. 171 - 192

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Cancer immunotherapy has transformed cancer treatment in recent years, with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) emerging as a key therapeutic approach. ICIs work by inhibiting the mechanisms that allow tumors to evade detection. Although have shown promising results, especially solid tumors, patient responses vary widely due multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors within tumor microenvironment. Emerging evidence suggests gut microbiota plays pivotal role modulating at site may even influence outcomes patients receiving ICIs. This review explores complex interactions between microenvironment, examining how these could impact effectiveness of ICI therapy. Furthermore, we discuss dysbiosis, an imbalance composition, contribute resistance ICIs, highlight microbiota-targeted strategies potentially overcome this challenge. Additionally, studies investigating diagnostic potential profiles patients, considering microbial markers might aid early detection stratification By integrating insights from preclinical clinical studies, aim shed light on microbiome modulation adjunct tool, paving way for personalized approaches optimize outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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Akkermansia muciniphila - friend or foe in colorectal cancer?

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Дек. 6, 2023

Akkermansia muciniphila is a gram-negative anaerobic bacterium, which represents part of the commensal human microbiota. Decline in abundance A. among other microbial species gut correlates with severe systemic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, intestinal inflammation and colorectal cancer. Due to its mucin-reducing immunomodulatory properties, use probiotics containing sp. appears promising approach treatment metabolic inflammatory diseases. In particular, number studies have focused on role Of note, results these mice are contradictory: some reported protective cancer, while others demonstrated that administration could aggravate course disease resulting increased tumor burden. More recent suggested effect certain unique surface antigens immune system. this Perspective, we attempt explain how contributes protection against cancer models, being pathogenic others. We argue differences experimental protocols , well viability bacteria, may significantly affect results. addition, hypothesize presented by pasteurized bacteria or live exert distinct effects barrier functions gut. Finally, reduce mucin exerts combined bacterial either promoting inhibiting development.

Язык: Английский

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The Interplay Between Dietary Choline and Cardiometabolic Disorders: A Review of Current Evidence

Current Nutrition Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(2), С. 152 - 165

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

Abstract Purpose of Review Choline is an essential nutrient for human health and cellular homeostasis as it necessary the synthesis lipid cell membranes, lipoproteins, neurotransmitter acetylcholine. The aim this review to analyze beneficial effects choline its significance in metabolism various inflammatory pathways, such inflammasome. We will discuss dietary cardiometabolic disorders, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular (CVD), chronic kidney (CKD) well cognitive function associated neuropsychiatric disorders. Recent Findings deficiency has been related development NAFLD disability offspring adulthood. In sharp contrast, excess intake mediated via increased production trimethylamine by gut microbiota trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels atherosclerosis most studies. context, CVD CKD through accumulation TMAO, p-Cresyl-sulfate (pCS), indoxyl-sulfate (IS) serum may be result interplay between choline, TMAO microbiota, resulting activation responses fibrosis. Summary A balanced diet, with no nor any outmost importance regarding prevention disorders function. Large-scale studies use next-generation probiotics, especially Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii , should further examine their therapeutic potential context.

Язык: Английский

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The Immunomodulatory Effects of Selenium: A Journey from the Environment to the Human Immune System

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(19), С. 3324 - 3324

Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2024

Selenium (Se) is an essential nutrient that has gained attention for its impact on the human immune system. The purpose of this review to explore Se’s immunomodulatory properties and make up-to-date information available so novel therapeutic applications may emerge. People acquire Se through dietary ingestion, supplementation, or nanoparticle applications. These forms can beneficially modulate system by enhancing antioxidant activity, optimizing innate response, improving adaptive promoting healthy gut microbiota. Because these many actions, supplementation help prevent treat pathogenic diseases, autoimmune cancers. This will discuss as a key micronutrient with versatile supports disease management due beneficial effects. Further research warranted determine safe dosing guidelines avoid toxicity refine application in medical treatments.

Язык: Английский

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